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Transient particle transport prediction based on lattice Boltzmann method-based large eddy simulation and markov chain model

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1135-1148页

作者： Mengqiang Hu Zongxing Zhang Meng Liu Systems Engineering Institute Academy of Military SciencesChina National Bio-Protection Engineering Center of China Tianjin 300161China School of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments(Ministry of Education) Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Fast and accurate prediction of particle transport is essential for the determination of as-needed mitigation strategies to improve indoor air *** methods have been proposed to achieve this ***,they mainly based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)approach,which may affect the accuracy of particle *** the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)can execute high-speed large eddy simulation(LES)while markov chain model performs well for particle *** study proposed an LBM-LES-markov-chain framework for indoor transient particle transport *** performance of the proposed framework was investigated in a two-zone ventilated chamber,and compared to the CFD-LES based *** show that the proposed framework is as accurate as but faster than the CFD-LES based *** mean normalized root-mean-square deviations of the proposed model is 12%,similar to the CFD-LES-Lagrangian(15%)and CFD-LES-Eulerian(13%)*** computing time of the proposed model is 5.66 h,shorter than the CFD-LES-Lagrangian(153 h)and CFD-LES-Eulerian(15.03 h)***,we further compared the framework with CFD-RNG based markov chain model,CFD-RANS based models,and FFD-markov-chain model and found that it is an alternative for the fast prediction of indoor particle concentration.

关键词： particle transport lattice Boltzmann method large eddy simulation markov chain model CFD

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An optimal pricing policy under a markov chain model

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Science China Mathematics 2022年第5期65卷 1065-1080页

作者： Ruyi Liu Jingzhi Tie Zhen Wu Qing Zhang School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China Department of Mathematics University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

This paper is about an optimal pricing control under a markov chain *** objective is to dynamically adjust the product price over time to maximize a discounted reward *** is shown that the optimal control policy is of... 详细信息

关键词： pricing control markov chain model threshold policy

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Driving-Cycle-Aware Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using a Three-Dimensional markov chain model

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Automotive Innovation 2019年第2期2卷 146-156页

作者： Bolin Zhao Chen Lv Theo Hofman Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

This study developed a new online driving cycle prediction method for hybrid electric vehicles based on a three-dimensional stochastic markov chain model and applied the method to a driving-cycle-aware energy management *** impacts of different prediction time lengths on driving cycle generation were *** results indicate that the original driving cycle is compressed by 50%,which significantly reduces the computational burden while having only a slight effect on the prediction *** developed driving cycle prediction method was implemented in a real-time energy management algorithm with a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain model,and the model was verified by simulation using two different testing *** testing results demonstrate that the developed driving cycle prediction method is able to efficiently predict future driving tasks,and it can be successfully used for the energy management of hybrid electric vehicles.

关键词： Driving cycle prediction markov chain model Hybrid electric vehicles Energy managemen

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Dry and wet spell probability by markov chain model-a case study of North Lakhimpur(Assam),India

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第6期7卷 8-13页

作者： Parmendra Prasad Dabral Kuntal Purkayastha Mai Aram Department of Agricultural Engineering North Eastern Regional Institute of Science&Technology(Deemed University)Nirjuli(Itanagar)-791109Arunachal PradeshIndia

For the purpose of crop planning and to carry out the agricultural practices,it is important to know the sequence of dry and wet *** present study was undertaken with the objectives to forecast dry and wet spell analysis using markov chain model and also to find out the exact time of onset and termination of monsoon at study area for North Lakhimpur(Assam),India using weekly rainfall data for a period of 24 *** results indicated that probability of occurrence of dry week is higher from week 1st to 14^(th) and also from week 41^(st) to 52^(nd).The range of probability of occurrence of dry week in these weeks varies from 41.67% to 100%.Probability of occurrence of wet week is higher from week 17^(th) to 40^(th).The range of probability of wet week in these weeks varies from 66.67% to 100%.Week 1^(st) to 4^(th) and 43^(rd) to 52^(nd) of the year remains under stress on an average,as there are 50% to 95.83% chances of occurrence of two consecutive dry *** analysis showed that monsoon starts effectively from week 23^(rd)(4^(th) June to 10^(th) June)in North *** week 25^(th)(18^(th) June to 24^(th) June)is ideal time for initiation of wet land preparation for growing short duration rice ***-monsoon effectively starts from week 14^(th)(2^(nd) April to 8^(th) April).On week 14^(th) sowing of summer maize(rain fed)may be *** 15^(th)(9^(th) April to 15^(th) April)is ideal time for initiation of wet land preparation for growing long duration rice variety.

关键词： forecast probability dry and wet spell markov chain model onset and withdrawal of monsoon

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Simulation of Random Dynamic Changes of Soil Organic Matter Based on Fuzzy markov chain model

Simulation of Random Dynamic Changes of Soil Organic Matter ...

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2010 Chinese Control and Decision Conference

作者： Panpan Gao~1,Zhihong Qie~(1*),Xiangbin Kong~(2*) 1.College of Urban and Rural Construction,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China 2.College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094,China

＜正＞In response to the random change features of soil organic matter content and limited monitoring data in practice,a fuzzy markov chain model is put forward in this paper to be used in simulating and forecasting the dynamic change of the region soil organic matter ***,the content of organic matter is divided into four levels by using grey clustering method in order to establish the grading model and fuzzy membership function of the sample classification which can make the change of organic matter state more smooth,continuous and reasonable;Secondly, in view of the limited monitoring data of soil nutrient,Marko transition matrix is simplified,and a new method based on Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization（HPSO） is proposed to optimize the transition matrix;Finally,taking a county in Hebei province as the sample area,the simulation and forecast of dynamic change of soil organic matter are *** result shows that the simulation result suits well with the practical change trend.

关键词： soil organic matter markov chain model grey clustering analysis and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization

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A Novel Collision Supervision and Avoidance Algorithm for Scalable MAC of Vehicular Networks

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2021年第1期30卷 164-170页

作者： WANG Shuai LU Yan ZHU Jie WANG Ping School of Information Science and Technology Donghua University

In order to meet low-latency and ultra-reliable requirements on safety services in vehicular networks, this paper proposes a novel Collision supervision and avoidance(CSA) algorithm for the contention based scalable media access control protocol. The two-dimensional markov chain model of adaptive backoff state transition criterion in CSA has been built, which could efficiently match the backoff states of nodes to the dynamic changes of vehicular networks. The scalable transmissions can be achieved through supervised trend and matching backoff mechanisms with three adaptive backoff *** packet transmit probabilities for the backoff modes have been derived with the theoretical result of the enhanced throughput. The simulation results show the remarkable scalability performance such as normalized throughput > 0.92, PDR > 86% and delay < 6.5 ms even in the high-density and high-mobility environment.

关键词： Vehicular networks Contention based scalable media access control Collision supervision and avoidance Adaptive backoff state transition markov chain model

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Supervised learning with probability interpretation in airfoil transition judgment

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第1期36卷 91-104页

作者： Binbin WEI Yongwei GAO Dong LI Lei DENG School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Transition prediction has always been a frontier issue in the field of aerodynamics.A supervised learning model with probability interpretation for transition judgment based on experimental data was developed in this *** solved the shortcomings of the point detection method in the experiment,that which was often only one transition point could be obtained,and comparison of multi-point data was ***,the Variable-Interval Time Average(VITA)method was used to transform the fluctuating pressure signal measured on the airfoil surface into a sequence of states which was described by markov chain ***,a feature vector consisting of one-step transition matrix and its stationary distribution was ***,the Hidden markov model(HMM)was used to pre-classify the feature vectors marked using the traditional Root Mean Square(RMS)***,a classification model with probability interpretation was established,and the cross-validation method was used for model *** research results show that the developed model is effective and reliable,and it has strong Reynolds number generalization *** developed model was theoretically analyzed in depth,and the effect of parameters on the model was studied in *** with the traditional RMS criterion,a reasonable transition zone can be obtained using the developed classification *** addition,the developed model does not require comparison of multi-point *** developed supervised learning model provides new ideas for the transition detection in flight experiments and other experiments.

关键词： Classification model Hidden markov model markov chain model Supervised learning Transition judgment

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RWBO（pd, w）： A Novel Backoff Algorithm for IEEE 802.11 DCF

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2005年第2期20卷 276-281页

作者： YunLi Ke-PingLong Feng-RuiYang SpecialResearchCentreforOpticalInternetandWirelessInformationNetworksChongqingUniversityofPostsandTelecommunications Chongqing400065P.R.China／／NationalDefenseKeyLabofAnti-InterferenceCommunicationTechnology SpecialResearchCentreforOpticalInternetandWirelessInformationNetworksChongqingUniversityofPostsandTelecommunications Chongqing400065P.R.China

The Probability Distribution of. Slot Selection (PDoSS) of IEEE 802.11 DCF is extremely uneven, which makes the packet collision probability very high. In this paper, the authors explore how to make the stations select:the slots uniformly, and give an RWBO(P-d,w) algorithm for 802.11 DCF to make the PDoSS even and decrease the packet collision probability. A markov model is given to analyze the PDoSS of RWBO(p(d), w). The performance of RWBO(p(d), w) is evaluated, by. simulation in terms of saturation throughput and packet collision probability. The simulation results indicate that RWBO(p(d), w) can decrease the packet contention,probability to a large extent, and utilize the channel more efficiently as compared to the 802.11 DCF. Moreover, the relation between saturation throughput, and walking probability (p(d)),the relation between saturation throughput and contention windows (w), the relation between packet collision probability and walking probability (p(d)), and the relation between packet collision probability and contention windows (w) are analyzed. The analysis indicates that RWBO(p(d), w) has some remarkable features: its saturation throughout keeps high and packet collision probability keeps very low (under 0.1) in a large range of p(d) and w, which allow users to configure p(d) and w more flexibly.

关键词： IEEE 802.11 DCF PDoSS random walking BackOff markov chain model

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Multi-temporal analysis of past and future land cover change in the highly urbanized state of Selangor,Malaysia

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 93-107页

作者： Majid Azari Lawal Billa Andy Chan Department of Civil Engineering University of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga43500 SemenyihSelangorMalaysia School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan BrogaSelangor 43500 SemenyihMalaysia

Background:This study analysed the multi-temporal trend in land cover,and modelled a future scenario of land cover for the year 2030 in the highly urbanized state of Selangor,*** study used a Decision Forest-markov chain model in the land change modeller(LCM)tool of TerrSet *** cover maps of 1999,2006 and 2017 were classified into 5 classes,namely water,natural vegetation,agriculture,built-up land and cleared land.A simulated land cover map of 2017 was validated against the actual land cover map *** Area Under the Curve(AUC)value of 0.84 of Total Operating Characteristics(TOC)and higher percentage of components of agreement(Hits+Correct rejection)compared to components of disagreement(Misses+False alarm+Wrong hits)indicated successful validation of the ***:The results showed between the years 1999 to 2017 there was an increase in built-up land cover of 608.8 km^(2)(7.5%),and agricultural land 285.5 km^(2)(3.5%),whereas natural vegetation decreased by 831.8 km^(2)(10.2%).The simulated land cover map of 2030 showed a continuation of this trend,where built-up area is estimated to increase by 723 km^(2)(8.9%),and agricultural land is estimated to increase by 57.2 km^(2)(0.7%),leading to a decrease of natural vegetation by 663.9 km^(2)(8.1%)for the period 2017 to *** spatial trend of land cover change shows built-up areas mostly located in central Selangor where the highly urbanized and populated cities of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya and the Klang valley are ***:The future land cover modelling indicates that built-up expansion mostly takes place at edges of existing urban *** results of this study can be used by policy makers,urban planners and other stakeholders for future decision making and city planning.

关键词： Land cover modelling Land use and land cover Land change modeller markov chain model Selangor Malaysia

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Cost and Efficiency Analysis of Steganography in the IEEE 802.11ah IoT Protocol

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 3929-3943页

作者： Akram A.Almohammedi Vladimir Shepelev Sam Darshi Mohammed Balfaqih Fayad Ghawbar Automobile Transportation Department South Ural State UniversityChelyabinsk454080Russia Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Karabük University Karabük78050Turkey Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoparPunjab140001India Department of Computer and Network Engineering University of JeddahJeddah23218Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering Technology University Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaPagoh Campus86400Malaysia

The widespread use of the Internet of Things(IoT)applications has enormously increased the danger level of data leakage and theft in IoT as data transmission occurs through a public *** a result,the security of the IoT has become a serious challenge in the field of information *** on the network is a critical tool for preventing the leakage of private information and enabling secure and encrypted *** primary purpose of steganography is to conceal sensitive information in any form of media such as audio,video,text,or photos,and securely transfer it through wireless *** this paper,we analyse the performance characteristics of one of the steganography techniques called Hidden Communication System for Corrupted Networks(HCCNETs)for hiding sensitive *** performance analysis includes the efficiency and the cost of the system in Wireless Local Area Networks(WLANs),specifically in the IEEE 802.11ah IoT *** analysis is mainly based on a two-dimensional markov chain model in the presence of an error ***,the model considers packet arrival rate,back-off timer freezing,back-off stages,and short retry limit to ensure compliance with IEEE 802.11ah *** stresses the importance of taking these elements into consideration while modeling the efficiency and cost of the steganographic channel *** parameters often result in a high precise channel access estimation,a more accurate and efficient accuracy measurements system,efficient channel utilisation,avoidance of throughput saturation overestimation,and ensuring that no packet is served *** results demonstrate that HCCNETs is an effective approach at low cost.

关键词： IoT HCCNETs steganography markov chain model

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