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Can whole steps of grain production be outsourced? Empirical analysis based on the three provinces of Jiangsu,Jilin,and Sichuan in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 336-347页

作者： Jiacheng Liu Shengzhi Mao Qiufen Zheng Zhigang Xu School of Finance and Taxation Nanjing University of Finance and EconomicsJiangsu 210023China School of Economics Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsSichuan 611130China School of Economics and Management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityJiangsu 210095China

Certain outsourcing services for agricultural management in China,such as pest control in grain production,have experienced prolonged sluggishness,contrasting with the relatively high level of outsourcing services observed in harvesting,land preparation,and sowing.This study examines the feasibility of implementing whole-step outsourcing in grain production by conducting a case study of rice and maize production in Jiangsu,Jilin,and Sichuan provinces in China.The provision of outsourcing services hinges on two essential conditions:technological advancements fostering specialized production and economies of scale,coupled with a market size sufficient to realize the aforementioned potential economies of scale.The results showed that outsourcing pest control or harvesting services had varying economies of scale.The outsourcing services in pest control were less common than in harvesting services,and their marginal growth space of the economies of scale with technological change was also smaller.Determined by the operational characteristics of pest control itself,the market scale of its professional services is small.Therefore,achieving the whole-step outsourcing of grain production necessitates not only technological innovation but also effective policy interventions to overcome the constraints of market scale.Such interventions include(1)optimizing crop layouts between planning regions and reducing land fragmentation and(2)supplying timely and effective inter-regional agricultural information for service providers aided by information technology.

关键词： outsourcing services economy of scale technical conditions market scale

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market scale,Home market Effect and Evolution of Spatial Economic Structure:China's Regional Coordinated Development on Different Spatial scales

Market Scale,Home Market Effect and Evolution of Spatial Eco...

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作者： CHEN Jian-sheng LI Wen-yu Southwestern University of Finance and Economics School of Economics

By using a new economic geography model of multi-region to study the impact of market scale on spatial economic structure,we find that the home market effect plays a key role in it.At different development periods,under external shocks such as transportation costs and so on,industry shares will change due to the distribution of market scale.The spatial economic structure will gradually evolve into such forms as single core or dual-core structure,especially "central collapse" will be found in the process.Such results can be used to analyze the practical problems,including the "central collapse" in the east,central and west regions of China,the structure of city clusters,etc.With the rapid development of transportation infrastructures,China will form a variety of development patterns on different spatial scales owing to home market effect.The regional convergence can be reached through reducing the economic distance and promoting agglomerative economies,which will help achieve regional coordinated development.

关键词： new economic geography home market effect market scale multi-region model spatial economic structure

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Development Status and Enlightenment of Precision Medicine in China

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Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy 2022年第1期17卷 70-75页

作者： Shi Yu Yang Yu Hu Rongbo Xiang You Tian Lijuan School of Business Administration Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110016China

Objective To analyze the development status of precision medicine in China and summarize the problems so as to put forward some countermeasures to promote its high-quality development.Methods Literature research and comparative research were used to study the development status of precision medicine in China from the perspectives of market environment,product research and development(R&D)and policy environment.Results and Conclusion There are some problems in the field of precision medicine in China,such as technical barriers,less investment in new drug R&D,and imperfect regulatory measures.Therefore,some solutions are put forward.First,enterprises should be encouraged to strengthen their cooperation with innovative R&D.Second,the compensation system of drug patent protection period must be established as soon as possible.Lastly,overseas experience should be learned with scientific supervision.

关键词： precision medicine development status market scale PD-1/L1 innovative R&D

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Assessing the maturity of China's seven carbon trading pilots

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第3期10卷 150-157页

作者： LIU Zhe ZHANG Yong-Xiang Policy Research Centre for Environment and Economy Ministry o f Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing100029China National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China

Indicators based on the developed version of the Capability Maturity Model were set up to access the maturity degree of China's seven pilot carbon markets from 2013 to 2017. Results show that the maturity degree of Shenzhen and Beijing pilot carbon markets ranks first;while those of Guangdong, Hubei, and Shanghai rank second. Tianjin and Chongqing rank lowest. Most of pilot markets failed to perform well on price efficiency except Shenzhen. There is significant disparity in the scores that the pilot carbon markets got, with a range from 9 to 73. The drivers to maintain market maturity is different among the pilot markets, either with a good performance on market structure, scale, or efficiency could lead to a certain score. Much could be done to increase the maturity level of the carbon market. Further downscaling the firm size, raising the legislation level, and increasing the participation of the third party entities may help the carbon market to grow healthier.

关键词： China Carbon market pilots Maturity assessment market structure market scale market efficiency

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Tax Burden,Institutional Environment and Foreign Direct Investment Flow:From the Perspective of Asymmetric International Tax Competition

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China Finance and Economic Review 2021年第1期10卷 66-85页

作者： Mengmeng Gao Xiaochuan Liu School of Finance and Taxation and Public Administration Shanghai Lixin Institute of Accounting and Finance China Public Finance Institute Shanghai University of Finance and Economics

The global economic uncertainty is mounting.Governments need to respond with supporting measures for long-term external environment changes as they lower tax burden to attract working capital.Based on the asymmetric tax competition theory,this paper constructs a theoretical model of tax burden,institutional transaction costs and FDI flow.It is found that one country’s strength of institutional environment makes its equilibrium tax rate higher than that of another within certain limits of market size.Based on the data of 199 countries and regions from 2005 to 2018,this paper conducts an empirical analysis,proving that favorable institutional environment narrows the negative impact of tax burden on FDI fl ow.Moreover,it is showed that in small-market,low-income countries and regions,tax burden level has a larger negative impact on foreign direct investment(FDI)when institutional environment produces no positive impact;in large-market,high-income countries,the negative impact of tax burden is relatively weak but the institutional environment shows largely positive impact.This paper contributes some policy recommendations on how to make use of and improve institutional environment to meet challenges and impacts of the international economic climate.

关键词： asymmetric tax competition institutional environment foreign direct investment market scale

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Analysis on Development of China’s Cosmetics Industry from 2019 to 2020

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China Detergent & Cosmetics 2020年第3期5卷 54-58页

作者： Zhao Yongjie China Information Center of Daily Chemical Industry China

This article discusses China’s current cosmetics market scale trend,industry economic indicators,enterprise filing layout,product development direction and consumption characteristics in detail.It points out that China has become the major consumer market of cosmetics in the world with a huge production and management system,whose product structure tends to be differentiated and diversified and the consumer demand rises from surface to efficacy.However,there still exists a gap between China and foreign countries in terms of product development,so it is crucial to conduct product development and technological innovation according to consumer’s concerns.

关键词： cosmetics market scale filed products licensing registration

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FDI视角：跨国厂商技术研发量的经济模型分析

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世界经济导刊 2009年第7期 132-143页

作者：吉生保

文章通过构建一个“研发—生产”两阶段博弈模型，在FDI背景下分别以Cournot竞争模式、Stackelberg竞争模式和Collusion竞争模式研究了东道国市场规模、东道国厂商工资水平以及东道国厂商技术研发量对跨国厂商技术研发量的影响。研究发... 详细信息

文章通过构建一个“研发—生产”两阶段博弈模型，在FDI背景下分别以Cournot竞争模式、Stackelberg竞争模式和Collusion竞争模式研究了东道国市场规模、东道国厂商工资水平以及东道国厂商技术研发量对跨国厂商技术研发量的影响。研究发现，在三种竞争模式下，东道国市场规模对跨国厂商技术研发量都是正向的影响；在Cournot竞争模式和Stackelberg竞争模式下，东道国工资水平对跨国厂商技术研发量也是正向的影响，而在Collusion竞争模式下，东道国工资水平对跨国厂商技术研发量的影响则视产量效果与替代效果的相对大小而定；在Cournot竞争模式和Stackelberg竞争模式下，东道国厂商技术研发量的增加反向影响跨国厂商技术研发量，而在Collusion竞争模式下，东道国厂商技术研发量则不影响跨国厂商技术研发量。

关键词：技术研发量跨国厂商市场规模工资水平反应函数　　R&D quantity multinational companies(MNCs) market scale wage level reaction function

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装备制造业规模、交易成本与生产性服务外化

国民经济管理

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国民经济管理 2014年第10期 108-118页

作者：楚明钦刘志彪

生产性服务脱胎于制造业，但是中国制造业尤其是装备制造业分离发展生产性服务业的动力不足，导致中国生产性服务业发展滞后。文章用WIOD(World Input-Output Database)1997～2009年中国投入产出数据，计算出这一时期中国生产性服务与... 详细信息

生产性服务脱胎于制造业，但是中国制造业尤其是装备制造业分离发展生产性服务业的动力不足，导致中国生产性服务业发展滞后。文章用WIOD(World Input-Output Database)1997～2009年中国投入产出数据，计算出这一时期中国生产性服务与装备制造业的垂直分离程度。用面板计量方法考察了装备制造业规模和交易成本对生产性服务与装备制造业垂直分离的影响。结果显示：装备制造业规模的扩大促进了分工和专业化，促进了中国生产性服务与装备制造业的垂直分离，但是交易成本的下降并没有促进生产性服务与装备制造业的垂直分离。相反，财政政策的支持促进了中国生产性服务与装备制造业的垂直分离。

关键词：生产性服务市场规模垂直分离交易成本 productive service market scale vertical separation transaction cost

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中国农业的劳动分工

农业经济研究

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农业经济研究 2019年第6期

作者：杨进向春华张晓波

本文从理论上研究中国农业生产经营模式的演变机理，分析中国农业的劳动分工问题。研究表明，发展农业生产外包模式，实现农业生产的纵向劳动分工，形成生产服务规模经济，是打破中国当前农业生产家庭经营土地规模小、难以实现土地规模... 详细信息

本文从理论上研究中国农业生产经营模式的演变机理，分析中国农业的劳动分工问题。研究表明，发展农业生产外包模式，实现农业生产的纵向劳动分工，形成生产服务规模经济，是打破中国当前农业生产家庭经营土地规模小、难以实现土地规模经济桎梏的重要途径。理论研究同时表明，市场规模是诱导当前农业生产服务外包市场以及劳动分工形成的核心因素，而提升外包服务市场的交易半径是扩大市场规模的主要有效途径。另外，市场的进入门槛限制了外包服务主体的市场占有量和服务半径，使得单个服务主体市场规模受限，从而影响纵向劳动分工的进一步深化。不同的生产环节由于进入门槛的不同而呈现出不同的劳动分工程度，比如，在耕田以及插秧环节中，由于市场的进入门槛不高，进入市场的服务主体较多，使得单个服务主体能够获得的市场占有量有限，因此，劳动分工的专业化程度不高。

关键词：劳动分工服务外包进入门槛市场规模 division of labor service outsourcing entry threshold market scale

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规模效应、创新外部性与区域经济增长差异

区域与城市经济

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区域与城市经济 2016年第10期

作者：高丽娜蒋伏心马澜

在要素区际流动性不断增强背景下，自然要素禀赋对区域经济增长的作用趋于减弱，规模效应和创新外部性日益成为推动我国区域经济增长及区间增长传递的重要因素。将规模效应和创新外部性纳入区域经济增长影响因素分析框架，利用我国省级... 详细信息

在要素区际流动性不断增强背景下，自然要素禀赋对区域经济增长的作用趋于减弱，规模效应和创新外部性日益成为推动我国区域经济增长及区间增长传递的重要因素。将规模效应和创新外部性纳入区域经济增长影响因素分析框架，利用我国省级面板数据进行实证检验，分析表明：区域市场规模和创新外部性对区域经济增长具有显著正向促进作用，产业规模对区域经济增长有正向影响但不显著。应建立和完善城市群主导的空间治理体系，强化区际创新溢出效应，提高区域空间关联网络化程度，以促进区域经济增长质量的提高和区域经济协调发展。

关键词：规模效应产业规模市场规模创新外部性区域经济增长创新溢出效应城市群要素流动空间聚集空间扩散　　scale effect industrial scale market scale innovation externality regional economic growth innovation spillover effect city cluster factor mobility space agglomeration space diffusion

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