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Motivation dimensions for running a marathon:A new model emerging from the Motivation of marathon Scale(MOMS)

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第3期6卷 302-310页

作者： Sima Zach Yan Xia Aviva Zeev Michal Arnon Noa Choresh Gershon Tenenbaum Zinman College for Physical Education and Sport Sciences Wingate InstituteNetanya 42902Israel Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems College of EducationFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306-4453USA

Purpose：The aim of this study was to test and expand the Motivation of marathoners Scale（MOMS） model（Masters et al.,1993）.Methods：The MOMS questionnaire was distributed to 306 male and female marathon runners（age range：20–77 years） with experience in marathon running（range：1–44 runs）.A confirmatory factor analysis（CFA） revealed that the original Purpose：The aim of this study was to test and expand the Motivation of marathoners Scale（MOMS） model（Masters et al.,1993）.Methods：The MOMS questionnaire was distributed to 306 male and female marathon runners（age range：20-77 years） with experience in marathon running（range：1-44 runs）.A confirmatory factor analysis（CFA） revealed that the original model failed to fit the ***,exploratory factor analysis（EFA） was performed to test the best factorial solution for the current data,and a subsequent CFA was performed on the revised factorial ***,a series of EFAs using maximum likelihood factor extraction method were ***：The best structure solution for model-data fit resulted in 11 factors：psychological coping-emotional-related coping,psychological coping-everyday-life management,life meaning,self-esteem,recognition,affiliation,weight concerns,general health orientation-reduced disease prevalence and longevity,general health orientation-keep fit,competition,and personal goal ***：This study provides a sound and solid framework for studying motivation for physically demanding tasks such as marathon runs,and needs to be similarly applied and tested in studies incorporating physical tasks which vary in mental demands.

关键词： Exercise adherence marathon Motives Psychological characteristics

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Dowex marathon A固相萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品和水中硒含量

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食品科学 2017年第10期38卷 204-207页

作者：吴航姜效军吕琳琳艾天辽宁科技大学化学工程学院辽宁鞍山114051 鞍山师范学院化学与生命科学学院辽宁鞍山114007

建立食品和水样中硒的Dowex marathon A固相萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱检测方法,基于Dowex marathon A树脂交换技术消除食品和水中金属离子对硒含量测定的干扰。硒的检出限为0.013μg/L,定量限为0.043μg/L,线性定量范围为0.1~10.0μ... 详细信息

建立食品和水样中硒的Dowex marathon A固相萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱检测方法,基于Dowex marathon A树脂交换技术消除食品和水中金属离子对硒含量测定的干扰。硒的检出限为0.013μg/L,定量限为0.043μg/L,线性定量范围为0.1~10.0μg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 9,方法回收率不小于95%,相对标准偏差小于3%(n=11)。方法操作简单、灵敏度高、回收率好,适用于多种食品和水样中硒含量的测定,准确性通过标准物质验证,结果满意。

关键词：固相萃取 Dowex marathon A树脂原子荧光食品样品硒

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Heart Rate Variability, Standard of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation and Clinical Use in Mountain marathon Runners during Sleep and after Acclimatization at 3480 m

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第1期3卷 26-48页

作者： Ivana Gritti Stefano Defendi Clara Mauri Giuseppe Banfi Piergiorgio Duca Giulio Sergio Roi Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science Luigi Sacco University of Milan Milan Italy Education and Research Department Isokinetic Bologna Italy

Fluctuations in autonomic cardiovascular regulation during exposure to high altitude may increase the risk of heart attack during waking and sleep. This study compared heart rate variability (HVR) and its components during sleep at low altitude and after 30 - 41 hours of acclimatization at high altitude (3480 m) in five mountain marathon runners controlled for diet, drugs, light-dark cycle and jet lag. In comparison to sea level, RR-intervals during sleep at high altitude decreased significantly (P 0.001). The significant increase in sympathetic autonomic cardiovascular modulation at high altitude protects against excessive oxygen deprivation during sleep. Increases in R-R intervals can require longer periods of acclimatization at3480 m to mitigate the effects of altitude/hypoxia on sympathetic tone, thus reducing cardiovascular distress at rest during waking and sleep and probably before during and after athletic performance at altitude.

关键词： Heart Rate Variability Very Low Frequency Fluctuation (VLF <0.04 Hz) Rhythm Low-Frequency (LF 0.04 - 0.15 Hz) Rhythm High-Frequency (HF 0.15 - 0.4 Hz) Rhythm Mountain marathon Runners

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Analysis of Sudden Cardiac Arrest during marathon Races in Japan

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2017年第7期8卷 472-480页

作者： Toru Shirakawa Hideharu Tanaka Tomoya Kinoshi Shota Tanaka Hiroshi Takyu Japan Emergency Medical System Co. Ltd. Miyazaki Japan Graduate School of Emergency Medical System Kokushikan University Tama Japan Research Institute of Disaster Management and EMS Kokushikan University Tama Japan Department of Sport and Medical Science Faculty of Physical Education Kokushikan University Tama Japan

Objective: Increased number of runners in Japan has been one reason for increasing the risk of cardiac arrest during marathon races. The purpose of the study was to examine 1) the incidence of cardiac arrest during marathon races held in the past in Japan, 2) the characteristics of runners with cardiac arrest, 3) the effectiveness of public access defibrillation (PAD) use for cardiac arrest cases. Methods: We examined the incidence of the cardiac arrest during marathon races in Japan from the medical records of marathon races that Kokushikan University provided in the past five years. Also, we analyzed cardiac arrests occurred in Japan in the past 15 years between 1999 and 2013. Results: The incidence rate of cardiac arrest was 2.18 per 100,000 participants. As shown in Table 1, the incidence rates were 2.00 per 100,000 participants in full marathon and 2.50 per 100,000 participants in half-marathon. A total of 63 cardiac arrests occurred in the past 15 years, and the number of incidents has been increasing every year. Among 63 cardiac arrest cases, the mean age was 45.3 ± 14.9 years old and 93.7% (59/63 cases) were in males. Eighty-three percentage of cardiac arrest cases applied AED (20/24 cases) were the shockable rhythm. In terms of the survival rate, there was a statistically significant difference between the cases where both bystander CPR and PAD were delivered and the cases where the only bystander CPR took place without PAD (95.0% vs. 47.1%;p Conclusions: Performing PAD on the scene during marathon races could be expected to be higher in the survival rate. Creating a medical support system is needed to handle sudden cardiac arrest rapidly in order to perform early bystander CPR and PAD.

关键词： Sudden Cardiac Arrest marathon Race PAD Bystander CPR

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Blood Chemistry, Acid-Base, Electrolyte, Blood Lactate Metabolism and Sleep at 3480 m in Mountain marathon Runners

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第1期3卷 13-25页

作者： Ivana Gritti Clara Mauri Stefano Defendi Daniele Cesana Federica Consonni Alberto Dolci Sabrina Luoni Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science Luigi Sacco University of Milan Milan Italy Hospital Luigi Sacco University of Milan Milan Italy Roche Diagnostic SpA Viale Stucchi 110 Milan Italy

Altered blood chemistry, acid-base and electrolyte are suggested determinants of sleep disturbance, with frequent arousal at high altitude even in well and long-trained altitude marathon runners. In this sample of experienced altitude marathon runners with maximal aerobic power at sea level of 61.4 ± 2.7 ml/kg-1·min-1 we found that pO2 and percent of oxygen saturation (%SO2) were lower at2050 mand3480 mthan at sea level;pO2 was higher after 38 - 41 hours than after 30 - 31 hours of acclimatization at3480 m(P 2 decreased (P 2 and (P 2 at a sleeping altitude of3480 mwas lower (P Simple regression analysis disclosed a significant correlation between the changes in TST and the percent of REM sleep and the changes in %SpaO2 recorded during sleep (P 2 at higher altitude and the percent of W and of TST (P 2, tCO2 and [HCO3-] correlated negatively and significantly with the percent of REM sleep changes at high altitude (P 2 and pH and correlated negatively with the changes in %SO2, pCO2, tCO2, and [HCO3-] (P ++] and [BE] and negatively with the changes in buffered bases [BB] and [BEeffective] (P 2 and significantly and negatively with the changes in [K+] (P 2, tCO2, [HCO3-] and [K+]

关键词： Clinical Investigation at High Altitude Laboratory Investigation at High Altitude Hematochemistry Acid-Base Metabolism Electrolyte Metabolism Blood Lactate Metabolism Hydration Status Sleep Quality Indicators EEG Mountain marathon Runners

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The Prevalence of High Blood Pressure among marathon Runners during Beirut-marathon 2014

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2017年第3期7卷 279-285页

作者： Souzan Tatari Rusul Mukhtar Hassan Alawieh Abdul Rahman Mourad Ahmad Araji Ali El-Sayed Ahmad Sweid Lea Daher Omar Bou Hamdan Sola Bahous Samer Kabbani Rafik Hariri University Hospital Beirut Lebanon University Medical Center-Rizk Hospital Beirut Lebanon

Objective: To assess the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular risk factors among marathon runners during Beirut-marathon 2014. Methods: A total of 325 marathon runners were divided into 42 km and 10 km groups. They were assessed for cardiovascular risk factors by measuring their BP and answering a questionnaire. The questionnaire composed of 22 questions related to demographic information, risk factors, medical history, family history, medical checkups, use of antihypertensive drugs and definition of hyponatremia. Results: There were 30 runners in the 42 km group and 295 in the 10 km group interviewed. The majority of 42 km runners were males 29 (96.7%) vs. 205 (69.5%) in the 10 km group, (P = 0.001). The 42 km group was older than 10 km group (47 ± 13.8 years vs. 38.5 ± 14.6 years;P = 0.0025). The prevalence of hypertension was 46.7% in the 42 km group as compared to 31.2% in the 10 km group (P = 0.08). Systolic BP (SBP) was higher in 42 km group vs. 10 km group (143 ± 22.4 mm Hg vs. 129.9 ± 17.8 mm Hg;P = 0.0004). The heart rate was lower among 42 km vs. 10 km group (71 ± 11.1 bpm vs. 84 ± 16 bpm;P Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of HTN among marathon runners but minorities were aware that they have hypertension. The 42 km runners tend to be older with higher systolic blood pressure as compared to the 10 km runners.

关键词： marathon Blood Pressure Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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A Tenor Analysis of Barack Obama's Speech on Boston marathon Bombing Event

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海外英语 2013年第17期 246-247页

作者：黄骥吉林大学外国语学院吉林长春136000

Systemic-Functional Grammar is a sociologically oriented functional linguistic approach developed by M. A. K. Halli day. One of the focuses of SFG is register, which is composed of field, tenor and mode. Halliday particularly developed these three main parameters, which are useful for characterizing the nature of the social transaction of the participants. In this essay, the method of tenor is used for analyzing Barack Obama's speech on Boston marathon bombing event to explore how Obama trans fers his ideas to audience in order to achieve his goals.

关键词： Systemic-Functional Grammar tenor Boston marathon

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Boston,the　marathon　of　marathons,is　bracing　for　its　100th　start

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大学英语 1997年第5期 45-47页

作者：ＳＴＥＶＥ　ＷＵＬＦ

Ｂｏｓｔｏｎ，ｔｈｅｍａｒａｔｈｏｎｏｆｍａｒａｔｈｏｎｓ，ｉｓｂｒａｃｉｎｇｆｏｒｉｔｓ１００ｔｈｓｔａｒｔＢｙＳＴＥＶＥＷＵＬＦＯＮｔｈｅｍｏｒｎｉｎｇｏｆＡｐｒｉｌ１５３８５００ｗｏｒｓｈｉｐｐｅｒｓ１ｆｒ... 详细信息

Ｂｏｓｔｏｎ，ｔｈｅｍａｒａｔｈｏｎｏｆｍａｒａｔｈｏｎｓ，ｉｓｂｒａｃｉｎｇｆｏｒｉｔｓ１００ｔｈｓｔａｒｔＢｙＳＴＥＶＥＷＵＬＦＯＮｔｈｅｍｏｒｎｉｎｇｏｆＡｐｒｉｌ１５３８５００ｗｏｒｓｈｉｐｐｅｒｓ１ｆｒｏｍａｌｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｗ...

关键词：马拉松赛 marathon start Boston,the bracing its 阿什兰波士顿体育运动盥洗室德莫特凡士林

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marathon 5KT复用器及其应用

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民航科技 2001年第1期 16-18页

作者：郭丽邓震等民航第二研究所成都610041

本文简要介绍了marathon复用器采用的相关技术，并针对民航空管局“95甚高频遥控通信系统”，介绍了marathon 5KT复用器的组成和应用。

关键词：空中交通管制 “95甚高频(VHF)遥控通信系统” marathon 5KT复用器 ATM 话音压缩编码 VHF

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marathon 的Titan和1100

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中国矿山工程 1988年第11期 66-67页

作者：王家骧

marathon 制造公司在芝加哥刊登了它的Le Tourneau Titan T-2200型运输车和L-1100型装载机。这种22码。的 L-1100装载机和 Titan 运输车是在两年前推出的,并在采矿工业中很快得到公认。30多台 TitanT-2000系列运输车,载重量从170到200... 详细信息

marathon 制造公司在芝加哥刊登了它的Le Tourneau Titan T-2200型运输车和L-1100型装载机。这种22码。的 L-1100装载机和 Titan 运输车是在两年前推出的,并在采矿工业中很快得到公认。30多台 TitanT-2000系列运输车,载重量从170到200短吨已交货。这些设备正在澳大利亚运煤和剥离物,在魁北克运铁矿石和剥离物,在智利和南

关键词：装载机运输车 marathon Titan 剥离物

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