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Masquerading predators deceive prey by aggressively mimicking bird droppings in a crab spider

Current Zoology 2022年第3期68卷 325-334页

作者： Long YU Xin XU Zengtao ZHANG Christina J.PAINTING Xiaodong YANG Daiqin LI State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering of China&Centre for Behavioural Ecology&Evolution School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan 430062HubeiChina College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410006HunanChina Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science University of WaikatoHamiltonNew Zealand CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYunnan 666303China Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4117543Singapore

In aggressive mimicry,a predator accesses prey by mimicking the appearance and/or behavior of a harmless or beneficial model in order to avoid being correctly identified by its *** crab spider genus Phrynarachne is often cited as a textbook example of masquerading as bird droppings(BDs)in order to avoid ***,Phrynarachne spiders may also aggressively mimic BDs in order to deceive potential *** date,there is no experimental evidence to support aggressive mimicry in masquerading crab spiders;therefore,we performed a field survey,a manipulative field experiment,and visual modeling to test this hypothesis using Phrynarachne *** compared prey-attraction rates among BDs,spiders,and control empty leaves in the *** found that although all prey combined and agromyzid dipterans,in particular,were attracted to BDs at a higher rate than to spiders,other dipterans and hymenopterans were attracted to BDs at a similar rate as to *** spiders and BDs attracted insects at a significantly higher rate than did control *** predicted,prey was attracted to experimentally blackened or whitened spiders significantly less frequently than to unmanipulated ***,visual modeling suggested that spiders and BDs can be detected by dipterans and hymenopterans against background leaves,but they are indistinguishable from each *** together,our results suggest that insects lured by spiders may misidentify them as BDs,and bird-dropping masquerading may serve as aggressive mimicry in addition to predator avoidance in ***.

关键词： aggressive mimicry lure manipulated spiders masquerade prey attraction Phrynarachne ceylonica

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