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malaria from hyperendemicity to elimination along international borders in Yunnan, China during 2003‒2020: a case study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第3期11卷 69-80页

作者： Hui Liu Yaowu Zhou Yan Deng Zurui Lin Canglin Zhang Qiyan Chen Chun Wei Kaixia Duan Peng Tian Hongning Zhou Jianwei Xu Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Yunnan Provincial Centre of Malaria ResearchYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases Control and ResearchYunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Innovative Team of Key Techniques for Vector Borne Disease Control and PreventionTraining Base of International Scientific Exchange and Education in Tropical Diseases for South and Southeast AsiaPuer665000China

Background: Border malaria is one of the most intractable problems hindering malaria elimination worldwide.Movement of both the human population and anopheline mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium spp.can cause cross-border malaria transmission.The Yunnan border area was still hyperendemic for malaria in the early part of this century.The objective of this case study was to analyze the strategies,interventions and impacts of malaria control and elimination in the Yunnan border area.Main text: A total of 10,349 malaria cases and 17.1 per 10,000 person-years of annual parasite incidence(API)were reported in the border area in 2003.Based on natural village-based stratification,integrated interventions,including mass drug administration for radical cures and preventive treatment,clinically presumptive treatment of all febrile patients for malaria and indoor residual spraying or dipping bed nets with insecticides were successfully carried out from 2003 to 2013.The overall API was reduced to 0.6 per 10,000 person-years by 2013,while effective cross-border collaboration interventions dramatically reduced the malaria burden in the neighbouring border areas of Myanmar.From 2014 forward,the comprehensive strategy,including universal coverage of surveillance to detect malaria cases,a rapid response to possible malaria cases and effective border collaboration with neighbouring areas,successfully eliminated malaria and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission in the Yunnan border area.Conclusions: In Yunnan malaria burden has successfully reduced by dynamically accurate stratification and comprehensive interventions;and then the region achieved elimination and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission through intensive surveillance,rapid response and border collaboration.Other border areas should perform their own intervention trials to develop their own effective strategy.

关键词： malaria Control Elimination Border area International collaboration Yunnan China

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malaria Deaths—China,2011–2020

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China CDC weekly 2021年第17期3卷 360-365页

作者： Li Zhang Hong Tu Shuisen Zhou Zhigui Xia Jun Feng National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghaiChina School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina.

Introduction:The malaria deaths(MDs)caused by imported Plasmodium falciparum has become a great challenge.This article analyzed MDs in China in 2011−2020 to provide evidence-based data for further strategies and interventions adjustment.Methods:Individual data via the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System(NNDRS)in 2011−2020 were collected.The Plasmodium species,case classification,temporal and spatial distribution,and source of MDs were analyzed to explore MD characteristics.The Parasitic Diseases Information Reporting Management System(PDIRMS)of MDs in 2013−2020 which explored clinical symptom and treatment was also collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 165 MDs with a mortality rate of 0.5%were recorded in the NNDRS from 2011 to 2020.Among them,164(99.4%)died due to imported malaria cases,1(0.6%)died of indigenous case reported in Yunnan in 2013.The number of MDs showed a decreasing trend from 2011(n=30)to 2020(n=6).The MDs consisted of 160(97.0%)P.falciparum cases,1(0.6%)mixed infection case,and 4(2.4%)clinical diagnosed cases.The MDs were mainly reported in Guangdong(n=18,10.9%),Sichuan(n=17,10.3%),Beijing(n=15,9.1%)and Henan(n=15,9.1%).The PDIRMS had reported 121 MDs from 2013−2020,and 46.3%(n=56)of MDs exhibited severe brain damage,and most of the patients(n=95,78.5%)were administrated by artemisinin combination therapy injection form.Conclusions:The total MDs decreased in China,and a delay in diagnosis and treatment is the main causes of MDs.Therefore,two actions are needed to prevent MDs,including improving health education for key populations such as migrant workers who come to and return from endemic regions and maintaining malaria diagnosis and treatment capabilities of clinicians in medical facilities.

关键词： diagnosis malaria return

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malaria Blood Smear Classification Using Deep Learning and Best Features Selection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1875-1891页

作者： Talha Imran Muhammad Attique Khan Muhammad Sharif Usman Tariq Yu-Dong Zhang Yunyoung Nam Yunja Nam Byeong-Gwon Kang Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadWah CampusWah CanttPakistan Department of Computer Science HITEC University TaxilaTaxilaPakistan College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-KhrajSaudi Arabia Department of Informatics University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Department of ICT Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsanKorea

malaria is a critical health condition that affects both sultry and frigid region worldwide,giving rise to millions of cases of disease and thousands of deaths over the years.malaria is caused by parasites that enter the human red blood cells,grow there,and damage them over time.Therefore,it is diagnosed by a detailed examination of blood cells under the microscope.This is the most extensively used malaria diagnosis technique,but it yields limited and unreliable results due to the manual human involvement.In this work,an automated malaria blood smear classification model is proposed,which takes images of both infected and healthy cells and preprocesses themin the L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)color space by employing several contrast enhancement methods.Feature extraction is performed using two pretrained deep convolutional neural networks,DarkNet-53 and DenseNet-201.The features are subsequently agglutinated to be optimized through a nature-based feature reduction method called the whale optimization algorithm.Several classifiers are effectuated on the reduced features,and the achieved results excel in both accuracy and time compared to previously proposed methods.

关键词： malaria preprocessing deep learning features optimization classification

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malaria Surveillance of Entry People During the COVID-19 Epidemic—Guangdong Province,China,October 2020–May 2021

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China CDC weekly 2021年第38期3卷 799-802页

作者： De Wu Zhuohui Deng Rongxin Lin Qiang Mao Wenchen Lu Caiwen Ruan Yongzhen Cen Ning Xiao Tie Song Institute for Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Control and Prevention of GuangdongGuangzhouGuangdongChina National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghaiChina.

Summary What is already known about this topic?malaria control was affected by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.This study conducted active case finding for key flights and key populations to determine malaria transmission.What is added by this report?Surveillance for malaria was conducted for entry personnel coming from areas affected by malaria.It is estimated that at least 100,000 tests were conducted in Guangdong Province.

关键词： Province. Guangdong malaria

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malaria slide bank plays a crucial role in achieving and sustaining malaria elimination in India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第10期16卷 431-433页

作者： Shrikant Nema Nitika Nitika Anup R Anvikar Praveen K Bharti ICMR-National Institute of malaria Research Sector 8Dwarka 110077New DelhiIndia

India's healthcare system continues to place the highest priority on the fight against malaria[1].malaria elimination program has received considerable attention from both the public and private sectors,resulting in a significant drop in malaria cases[2].In 2022,a total of 176000 million cases of malaria were reported in India,in which Plasmodium(P.)falciparum has contributed 57.0%and 42.3%were P.vivax cases and limited cases of P.malariae and P.ovale.

关键词： malaria malaria elimination

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Evaluation of malaria Standard Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Screening—Southern Tanzania,2018–2019

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China CDC weekly 2022年第28期4卷 605-608页

作者： Kangming Lin Mei Li Duoquan Wang Fei Luo Shenning Lu Mihayo GMichael Yeromin Mlacha Prosper Chaki Ning Xiao Xiao-nong Zhou Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nanning CityGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionNHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesSchool of Global HealthChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai MunicipalityChina Chongqing City Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chongqing MunicipalityChina Ifakara Health Institute Dares Salaamthe United Republic of Tanzania.

Summary What is already known about this topic?Microscopy is the gold standard for parasitological confirmation,but the accuracy of microscopic diagnosis is influenced by the skill of the technicians.An alternative is the immunologic-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests(mRDTs).What is added by this report?Our study evaluated standard microscopy in health system(SMHS)and mRDTs for focused screening and treatment of malaria(FSAT)in Southern Tanzania.We showed that mRDTs were more sensitive than local SMHS for diagnosing malaria infection.What are the implications for public health practices?malaria rapid diagnostic tests can be useful as an alternative to SMHS for FSAT in the local context of Tanzania.

关键词： malaria diagnosis confirmation

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Achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in the People’s Republic of China:the Atlas of malaria Transmission in China

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第1期17卷 85-92页

作者： Jun Feng Li Zhang Zhigui Xia Shuisen Zhou Ning Xiao Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghai 200025China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

In 2017,China achieved the target of zero indigenous malaria case for the first time,and has been certified as malaria free by World Health Organization in 2021.To further summarize the historical achievements and technical experiences of the elimination program,a project on the Roadmap Analysis and Verification for malaria Elimination in China was carried out.Results of the project were compiled and published as the Atlas of malaria Transmission in China(The Atlas).The Atlas using modern digital information technologies,has been supported by various data from 24 malaria endemic provinces of China since 1950,to assess the changes in malaria epidemic patterns from 1950 to 2019 at national and provincial levels.The Atlas is designed as two volumes,including a total of 1850 thematic maps and more than 130 charts,consisting of introductory maps,thematic maps of malaria epidemic and control at national and provincial levels.It objectively and directly shows the epidemic history,evolution process,and great achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in China.The Atlas has important reference value for summing up historical experience in the national malaria elimination program of China,and malaria control and elimination in other endemic countries in the world.

关键词： malaria transmission control elimination China atlas

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malaria Diagnosis and Verification--China,2017–2018

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China CDC weekly 2020年第17期2卷 285-288页

作者： Jianhai Yin Li Zhang Jun Feng Shuisen Zhou Zhigui Xia National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesMinistry of Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of HealthShanghaiChina.

What is already known about this topic?Prompt,accurate diagnosis is an essential part of malaria elimination strategies.Insufficient malaria diagnosis capacity will be a potential risk for malaria reintroduction.What is added by this report?Health facilities at the county and prefectural levels were the most concentrated facilities for initial diagnosis of malaria(68.2%)and confirmation(76.4%).More than 65%of cases could not be diagnosed within 1 day of onset,and only 89.4%of laboratory-confirmed cases were accurate.What are the implications for public health practice?malaria health education should be strengthened to improve public awareness and health professionals’vigilance of malaria,thereby shortening the diagnostic intervals.In addition,the capacity of malaria diagnosis,especially Plasmodium speciation,should be improved to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

关键词： diagnosis malaria thereby

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Laboratory diagnosis for malaria in the elimination phase in China:efforts and challenges

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Frontiers of Medicine 2022年第1期16卷 10-16页

作者： Jianhai Yin Mei Li He Yan Shuisen Zhou Zhigui Xia National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Center for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghai 200025China

malaria remains a global health challenge,although an increasing number of countries will enter pre-elimination and elimination stages.The prompt and precise diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium parasites is the key aspect of malaria elimination.Since the launch of the China malaria Elimination Action Plan in 2010,China has formulated clear goals for malaria diagnosis and has established a network of malaria diagnostic laboratories within medical and health institutions at all levels.Various external quality assessments were implemented,and a national malaria diagnosis reference laboratory network was established to strengthen the quality assurance in malaria diagnosis.Notably,no indigenous malaria cases have been reported since 2017,but the risk of re-establishment of malaria transmission cannot be ignored.This review summarizes the lessons about malaria diagnosis in the elimination phase,primarily including the establishments of laboratory networks and quality control in China,to better improve malaria diagnosis and maintain a malaria-free status.A reference is also provided for countries experiencing malaria elimination.

关键词： malaria laboratory diagnosis quality control malaria elimination China

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Ecdysis triggering hormone peptide in the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae:The peptide structure for receptor activation

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Insect Science 2022年第5期29卷 1309-1317页

作者： Hawa Dembele Moritz Mating Rupinder Singh Soheila Fatehi Alvaro I.Herrera Yoonseong Park Om Prakash Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansas66506 Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansas66506 Department of Chemistry&Biochemistry Auburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA

Infections by mosquito-borne diseases represent one of the leading causes of death in third world countries.The rapid progression of resistance to conventional insecticide causes a significant threat to the highly efficient preventive methods currently in place.Insect neuropeptidergic system offers potential targets to control the insect vectors.The essential roles of the neuropeptide ecdysis triggering hormone(ETH)in insect development and reproduction led us to attempt understanding of the fundamentals of the biochemical interaction between ETH and its receptor in the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.One of two ETH peptides of the African malaria mosquito(AgETH1),a small peptide hormone with 17 amino acid residues(SESPGFFIKLSKSVPRI-NH2),was studied to elucidate its molecular structure.N-termini deletions and mutations of conserved amino acids in the ligand revealed the critical residues for the receptor activation.The solution structure of AgETH1 using 2D 1H-1H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy and nuclear overhauser effect(NOE)derived constraints revealed a short alpha helix between residues 3S and 11S.The NMR solution structure of AgETH1 will be of significant assistance for designing a new class of insecticidal compounds that acts on the AgETH receptor aiming for in silico docking studies.

关键词： Anopheles gambiae ecdysis triggering hormone G protein-coupled receptor insect malaria neuropeptide NMR spectroscopy

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