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The electroweak monopole–antimonopole pair in the standard model

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 113-119页

作者： Dan Zhu Khai-Ming Wong Guo-Quan Wong School of Physics Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPenangMalaysia

We present the first numerical solution that corresponds to a pair of Cho–Maison monopoles and antimonopoles(MAPs) in the SU(2) × U(1) Weinberg–Salam(WS) *** monopoles are finitely separated,while each pole carries a magnetic charge ±4π/*** positive pole is situated in the upper hemisphere,whereas the negative pole is in the lower *** Cho–Maison MAP is investigated for a range of Weinberg angles,0.4675≤ tan θ_(W)≤10,and Higgs self-coupling,0 ≤ β ≤ *** magnetic dipole moment(μm) and pole separation(d_(z)) of the numerical solutions are calculated and *** total energy of the system,however,is infinite due to point singularities at the locations of monopoles.

关键词： magnetic monopole Cho-Maison monopole Weinberg-Salam model

magnetic Charge Theory. Part 3: Neutron Structure and Dark Matter Source

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Journal of Modern Physics 2020年第8期11卷 1170-1179页

作者： Keith G. Lyon Haymarket VA USA

The concept of magnetic charge is further developed to explain the electron/proton magnetic bonding that forms the neutron. The derivation leads to a minimum range for the Coulomb force of 2.35 fm that explains the lack of the Coulomb force in the nucleus. Further investigation into the nature of gravity leads to the possibility that dark matter is a byproduct of stars.

关键词： Neutron Dark Matter Gravity Coulomb Force magnetic monopole magnetic Charge

Towards the Unification, Part 2: Simplified Equations, Covariant Derivative, Photons

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第16期7卷 2398-2417页

作者： Claude Daviau Jacques Bertrand Dominique Girardot Le Moulin de la Lande 44522 Pouillé-les-Coteaux France 15 Avenue Danielle Casanova 95210 Saint-Gratien France 95 Rue Marceau 91120 Palaiseau France

We continue the study of the Standard Model of Quantum Physics in the Clifford algebra of space. We get simplified mass terms for the fermion part of the wave. We insert the simplified equations in the frame of General Relativity. We construct the electromagnetic field of the photon, alone boson without proper mass. We explain how the Pauli principle comes from the equivalence principle of General Relativity. We transpose in the frame of the algebra of space the second quantification of the electromagnetic field. We discuss the changes introduced here.

关键词： Boson Clifford Algebra Dirac Equation Electromagnetism Electron Gravitation magnetic monopole Neutrino Photon Quark Relativistic Invariance Strong Interactions Weak Interactions

Theoretical Maxwell's Equations, Gauge Field and Their Universality Based on One Conservation Law

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Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(English Edition) 2005年第2期13卷 167-176页

作者：柳长茂 School of Science Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China

The notion of the inner product of vectors is extended to tensors of different orders, which may replace the vector product usually. The essences of the differential and the codiffcrential forms are pointed out： they represent the tangent surface and the normal surface fluxes of a tensor, reslpetivcly. The definitions of the divergence and the curl of a 2D surface flux of a tensor arc obtained. Maxwell＇s equations, namely, the constraction law of field, which were usually established based on two conservation laws of electric charge and imaginary magnetic charge, are derived by the author only by using one conservation law （ mass or fluid flux quantity and so on） and the feature of central field （or its composition）. By the feature of central field （or its composition）, the curl of 2D flux is zero. Both universality of gauge field and the difficulty of magnetic monopole theory （ a magnetic monopole has no effect on electric current just like a couple hasing no effect on the sum of forces） axe presented： magnetic monopole has no the feature of magnet. Finally it is pointed out that the base of relation of mass and energy is already involved in Maxwell＇s equations.

关键词： Maxwell's equations Cud of the surface flux Divergence of the surface flux Gauge field magnetic monopole

Towards the Unification of All Interactions (The First Part: The Spinor Wave)

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第12期7卷 1568-1590页

作者： Claude Daviau Jacques Bertrand Dominique Girardot Le Moulin de la Lande Pouillé-les-Coteaux France 15 Avenue Danielle Casanova Saint-Gratien France 95 Rue Marceau Palaiseau France

For the unification of gravitation with electromagnetism, weak and strong interactions, we use a unique and very simple framework, the Clifford algebra of space . We enlarge our previous wave equation to the general case, including all leptons, quarks and antiparticles of the first generation. The wave equation is a generalization of the Dirac equation with a compulsory non-linear mass term. This equation is form invariant under the group of the invertible elements in the space algebra. The form invariance is fully compatible with the gauge invariance of the standard model. The wave equations of the different particles come by Lagrange equations from a Lagrangian density and this Lagrangian density is the sum of the real parts of the wave equations. Both form invariance and gauge invariance are exact symmetries, not only partial or broken symmetries. Inertia is already present in the part of the gauge group and the inertial chiral potential vector simplifies weak interactions. Relativistic quantum physics is then a naturally yet unified theory, including all interactions.

关键词： Electromagnetism Weak Interactions Strong Interactions Gravitation Clifford Algebra Dirac Equation Lagrangian Formalism Gauge Groups Relativistic Invariance Electron magnetic monopole Quark Photon Gauge Boson Unification

Scientific Community and Remaining Errors, Physics Examples

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Journal of Modern Physics 2018年第2期9卷 250-258页

作者： Claude Daviau Jacques Bertrand Le Moulin de la Lande 44522 Pouillé-les-coteaux France 15 Avenue Danielle Casanova 95210 Saint Gratien France

The scientific community controls the possible errors by a rigorous process using referees. Consequently the only possible errors are very few, they come from what anyone considers obviously true. Three of these errors are pointed here: the main one is the belief that any quantum state follows a Schrödinger equation. This induces two secondary errors: the impossibility of magnetic charges and the identification between the Lorentz group and SL (2, C).

关键词： Invariance Group Schrodinger Equation Dirac Equation Electromagnetism Weak Interactions Strong Interactions Clifford Algebra magnetic monopole

Dark Matter: The Source of Space and Time

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第9期7卷 920-927页

作者： Keith G. Lyon 16914 Stormy Dr. Haymarket VA USA

A simple assumption for dark matter leads to magnetic-monopole-like terms to Maxwell’s Equations, a photon model with wave-particle duality, nuclear stability, a decelerating expansion of the universe, and a dark-mat... 详细信息

关键词： Dark Matter Photon Speed of Light Nuclear Stability Space Time Superconductivity Nuclear Fusion magnetic monopole