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Numerical analysis and experimental research on detection of welding defects in pipelines based on magnetic flux leakage

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Petroleum Research 2023年第4期8卷 550-560页

作者： Changsheng Zhang Jinpeng Bi Yuexia Lv Mengli Li Yongying Qi Kai Zhou Ming Zhang Tingting Du School of Mechanical Engineering Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250353China Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research Jinan 250031China CNPC Economics&Technology Research Institute Beijing100120China Shandong Special Equipment Inspection Institute Group Co. Ltd.Jinan 250101China School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China

Regular inspection of long-distance oil and gas pipelines plays an important role in ensuring the safe transportation of oil and gas,and inspection on welding defects is an important part of the inspection process.magnetic flux leakage(MFL)is an electromagnetic non-destructive testing technique which has been commonly utilized to detect welding defects in pipelines.In the present study,Maxwell electro-magnetic simulation software was used to carry out numerical study on the welding defects in pipelines,including incomplete penetration and undercut.TheФ406 pipeline with a wall thickness of 7 mm was selected as the study case to establish the numerical model.Setting the life-off value at 1 mm,the distribution of magnetic leakage field was investigated for pipeline without defect,pipeline with incomplete penetration defect and pipeline with undercut defect respectively,the characteristic values describing the depth and width of defects were found.Furthermore,quantified equations which can be used to describe the defect depth were proposed.Finally,experimental research was carried out to validate the effectiveness of the numerical model,and the experimental results showed good consistence with the numerical calculation results.The research results indicate that,it is technically feasible and reliable to diagnose the incomplete penetration and undercut welding defects in pipelines using MFL.

关键词： magnetic flux leakage Pipeline welding defect Incomplete penetration Undercut

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magnetic flux leakage during longitudinal magnetic flux induction heating

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Baosteel Technical Research 2022年第1期16卷 30-35页

作者： LI Huagang Shanghai Baosight Software Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201900China

A three-dimensional electromagnetic thermal coupled model of a 45#steel strip during longitudinal magnetic flux induction heating was established in this study.The influence of different power levels,frequencies,and electromagnetic shielding on the magnetic induction intensity and the heating of parts of different materials around the inductor was analyzed by calculating the magnetic induction intensity around the longitudinal flux induction heater under different conditions.The results show that leakage flux can be reduced up to 49%by electromagnetic shielding.The higher the frequency,the greater the electromagnetic shielding effect,and the lower the magnetic leakage around the inductor.Conversely,the higher the power,the greater the magnetic induction around the inductor.By adding electromagnetic shielding to reduce magnetic leakage of the inductor and replacing the metal part material around the inductor with stainless steel,the heat generation of the parts around the inductor can be greatly reduced.

关键词： longitudinal flux induction heating numerical simulation magnetic flux leakage

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Study on Design of magnetic flux leakage Testing Instrument for gun

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微计算机信息 2005年第6期 115-116+82页

作者： Wang,Changlong Fu,Junmei(Institute of Electronic and Information, Xi’an Jiaotong University)Yingwei Xu,Zhangsui(Ordnance Engineering College, Shijiazhuang 050003, China)Wang,Changlong Jin,

The paper describes the magnetic Dipole model of magnetic flux leakage(MFL) based on the principle of MFL testing, proposes the effects of surface defect width and depth on MFL field, and presents the peak-peak amplitude algorithm that the features of defect signal are extracted. The peak-peak amplitude and separation, signal gradient variation are used as the distinguish criterions of defects. The principle of instrumental hardware design is also introduced. The introduced gun MFL testing instrument is successfully employed in the nondestructive evaluation of gun.

关键词： magnetic flux leakage defect nondestructive evaluation peak-peak amplitude algorithm hardware design

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A Dynamics Study of a magnetic flux leakage(MFL) Signal and its Application to Defect Location Discrimination in Steel Pipes MFL Testing Equipment

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International Journal of Plant Engineering and Management 2009年第2期14卷 70-77页

作者： KANG Yi-hua LI Jiu-zheng WU Xin-jun School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

Difference processing was used to the direct current magnetic flux leakage （DC-MFL） signal, emanating from the defects machined artificially on the internal and external surfaces of a steel pipe. Consequently, the loea-tion discriminating index 8 was provided to identify the defect whether it is on the internal surface or the external one. Three characteristics, shape, depth and orientation of the defect, were discussed through a series of experiments on the artificial defects, such as transverse notches, oblique notches and pits on the steel pipe. The approach has been verified effective to address the defect location identifying problem, albeit the limits on the accuracy assessment to those natural defects on steel pipes in service.

关键词： nondestructive testing magnetic flux leakage steel pipes internal defects

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Numerical simulation and analysis on magnetizing exciter for magnetic flux leakage

Numerical simulation and analysis on magnetizing exciter for...

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2011 International Conference on Advanced Materials and Computer Science(ICAMCS 2011)

作者： Qiang Song College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering China University of Petroleum

magnetic flux leakage（MFL） is a non-destructive testing method used to inspect the pipe and magnetization of the pipe wall to saturation is essential for anomalies to be reliably and accurately detected and characterized. Axial components of magnetic flux density obtained during the MFL inspection have been simulated using three-dimensional finite element analysis and the effects of magnetizing exciter parameters on magnetic flux density are investigated. The pipe modeled in this paper has an outer diameter of 127mm（5 in.） with a wall thickness of 9 mm（0.354 in.）. According to numerical simulations, an increase in the magnetic flux density of pipe wall is observed with an increase in the permanent magnet length and height. It clearly illustrates that Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet assembly with 70 mm length and 40 mm height may magnetize pipe wall to near saturation.

关键词： numerical simulation finite element analysis magnetic flux leakage magnetizing exciter non-destructive testing

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A Conditional Variational Autoencoder Algorithm for Reconstructing Defect Data of magnetic flux leakage

A Conditional Variational Autoencoder Algorithm for Reconstr...

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第32届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Senxiang Lu Jing Wu Jianan Zhang School of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern University Liaoning Provincial Institute of Measurement

magnetic flux leakage（MFL） testing is widely used in pipeline nondestructive testing.The acquisition quality of MFL signal is an important prerequisite for the accuracy of pipeline detection and evaluation.However,data loss often occurs in the process of detection,due to the interference of external environmental factors.Therefore,it is important to reconstruct the missing data.This paper analyzes four types of MFL data loss,and presents a conditional variational autoencoder algorithm to reconstruct defect data of MFL for these types of loss.The algorithm effectiveness is tested by comparing with traditional variational autoencoder method.The results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of reconstructing defect data loss.

关键词： magnetic flux leakage Data Loss Conditional Variational Autoencoder Defect Data Reconstructing

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A Novel High Performance magnetic Gear with Auxiliary Silicon Steel Sheet

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2022年第2期6卷 201-206页

作者： Can Tan Libing Jing College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China

magnetic gear is a transmission device with novel structure.It uses the principle of magnetic field modulation to transmit torque.In view of the magnetic leakage of the magnetic gear in the process of rotation and cannot be eliminated,a magnetic gear model with auxiliary silicon steel sheet is proposed.Based on the conventional magnetic gear structure,the silicon steel sheet is placed outside the permanent magnet of the outer rotor.The magnetization mode of the outer rotor permanent magnet is tangential magnetization,and the spoke structure is adopted,and the inner rotor PMs is surface mounted and magnetized in the radial magnetization.The improved model is simulated by finite element method under three-dimensional conditions,and the electromagnetic performances of the model are optimized.Compared with the conventional magnetic gear model,the improved model has good performance,which improves the transmission capacity of output torque and reduces torque ripple.It is a great significance to improve the performance of magnetic gear.

关键词： magnetic gear magnetic flux leakage magnetic field modulation magnetic flux density Torque

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POD GENERATOR,Development of Numerical Modeling Tools for Quantitative Assessment of the Performance of Non-destructive Inspection Techniques

POD GENERATOR,Development of Numerical Modeling Tools for Qu...

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17th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing

作者： Arian MAST Arno VOLKER Joost BLOOM Uilke STELWAGEN Alfons KROM Ali MOHAMOUD Gerard VAN GILS TNO Science and Industry Stieitjesweg 1 2628 CK DelftThe Netherlands

Risk based inspection strategies rely on detailed knowledge of the performance of inspection techniques.It is well known that every inspection technique has limitations in terms of reliability and effectiveness.Moreover, these are influenced by many factors,e.g.,it depends on operator skills, inspection procedure,defect and object geometry,inspection technique.The objective of the"POD generator"project is to develop a numerical modeling approach to assess inspection effectiveness for a specific technique and situation. This approach enables a flexible and reliable quantitative assessment at acceptable costs. Besides the models to simulate various degradation mechanisms,numerical models have been developed and validated for accurately simulating the physics of inspection techniques.Also the human factor is taken into account.These numerical models are then used to generate probability of detection (POD) curves.In this paper this approach will be illustrated for ultrasonic TOFD inspection. The POD generator will help asset owners to rationalize their inspection and maintenance strategy,i.***.reduce inspection and maintenance costs whilst preserving safety and reliability of operation at the desired levels.

关键词： Nondestructive inspection Probability of detection POD Time-of flight-diffraction TOFD Pulse-echo PE Guided waves GW magnetic flux leakage MFL Human factor

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Combination of Particle Swarm Optimization with LSSVM for Pipeline Defect Reconstruction

Combination of Particle Swarm Optimization with LSSVM for Pi...

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2015年中国智能自动化学术会议

作者： Huixuan Fu Yuchao Wang Sheng Liu Harbin Engineering University

The nuclear function parameter and penalty parameter are pivotal factors which decide performance of Least Squares Support Vector Machines(LSSVM).Usually, most users select parameters for an LSSVM by rule of thumb, so they frequently fail to generate the optimal approaching effect for the function. In order to get optimal parameters automatically, a new approach based on particle swarm optimization and LSSVM was proposed, which automatically adjusts the parameters for LSSVM, ensuring the accuracy of parameter selection. This method was applied to pipeline 2D defect reconstruction;simulation results showed the method can overcome the difficulty of magnetic flux leakage signals, described defect geometrical characteristics, improving the reconstruction accuracy and practical value.

关键词： Pipeline magnetic flux leakage 2D defect reconstruction PSO Least squares support vector machines

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