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Effects of Planting Methods and Seed Density on Vegetable Yield and Nutrient Composition of Solanum macrocarponand Solanum scabrumin Southwest Nigeria

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1185-1195页

作者： Mary K. Idowu Durodoluwa J. Oyedele Ojo Kolawole Adekunle Oluwole Olalekan Akinremi Bob Eilers Department of Crop Production and Protection Faculty of Agriculture Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Management Faculty of Agriculture Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Soil Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada

Two field studies were carried out using Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum scabrum to investigate the effects of planting methods and seed density required for optimum biomass yield and nutrient content in southwest Nigeria. Two planting methods (drilling and broadcasting), and two seed densities (4 and 8 table spoon full) were investigated as a 2×2×3 factorial experiment in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Four seed spoons gave 25.78 kg seeds ha-1 for S. macrocarpon and 20.67 kg·seeds·ha-1 for S. scabrum. Significant highest S. macrocarpon shoots (2.75 kg·m-2) and Ca, K, Fe and Zn contents and S. scabrum (2.95 kg·m-2) and Zn content, were obtained with drilling and four spoons of seeds compared with broadcasting and 8 spoons of seeds. This treatment gave average values for N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca/P and Na/K ratio were 2.79%, 0.03%, 3.37%, 1.64%, 0.02%, 300 mg·kg-1, 100 mg·kg-1, 300 mg·kg-1, 8 mg·kg-1, 1.22 and 0.008 for S. macrocarpon and 2.05%, 0.27%, 5.81%, 3.27%, 2.91%, 0.09%, 280 mg·kg-1, 52.99 mg·kg-1, 359.35 mg·kg-1 and 22.42 mg·kg-1, 11.63 and 0.016 for S. scabrum. It was concluded that planting in drilling made weeding, fertilizer application, irrigation and harvesting more effective rather than by broadcasting, and four spoons of seeds per 9 m-2 produced deep green and broader leaves and balanced nutrient contents than eight spoons of seeds.

关键词： Solanum macrocarpon Solanum scabrum Planting Method Seed Density and Nutrient Contents

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Phytochemical Screening, Nutritional and Toxicological Analyses of Leaves and Fruits of Solanum macrocarponLinn (Solanaceae) in Cotonou (Benin)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第11期3卷 1595-1603页

作者： Tamègnon Victorien Dougnon Honoré Sourou Bankolé Roch Christian Johnson Jean Robert Klotoé Godfried Dougnon Fernand Gbaguidi Fidèle Assogba Joachim Gbénou Salifou Sahidou Jean-Marc Atègbo Bertrand Henri Rhin Frédéric Loko Michel Boko Aléodjrodo Patrick Edorh Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essentials Oils Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences Champ de Foire Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health Interfaculty Center of Formation and Research in Environment for the Sustainable Development University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin National Laboratory of Pharmacognosy Benin Center of Scientific and Technical Research and Essential Oils Porto-Novo Benin Research Laboratory in Applied Biology Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Unit Inserm U525 Faculty of Pharmacy Nancy France Unit of Training and Research in Pharmacy Faculty of Health Sciences Champ de Foire Cotonou Benin

Vegetables are very important sources of protein and minerals. Some of them even have medicinal properties recognized traditionally. Despite the large number of studies carried out on various vegetables and vegetable crops, very few have scientifically explored the usefulness of S. macrocarpon. This study identified the main groups of chemicals and mineral elements to explain any medicinal or nutritional value. It has also identified some toxic elements contained in this vegetable. Phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaves and fruits of S. macrocarpon. Some mineral elements were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) while protein, phosphorous, iron, copper, zinc and toxic metals (lead, cadmium) were determined by Molecular Absorption Spectrophotometry. Fat, ash, moisture and vitamins were sought. The study showed that the leaves of S. macrocarpon were more nutritious than fruits (P macrocarpon require that the consumption of vegetables should be as varied as possible and that the fruit may be consumed with caution. In addition, constraints about vegetable cultivation in Cotonou could lead to research findings that could help provide techniques for producing healthy *** A and K1 were found in both parts of this vegetable very rich in water while vitamin E has not been detected. S. macrocarpon also contains lipids at various levels.

关键词： S. macrocarpon Nutrients Minerals Lead Cadmium Cotonou

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Using Atomic Force Microscopy to Measure Anti-Adhesion Effects on Uropathogenic Bacteria, Observed in Urine after Cranberry Juice Consumption

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 533-540页

作者： Laila Abu-Lail Yuanyuan Tao Paola A. Pinzón-Arango Amy Howell Terri A. Camesano Department of Chemical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester UK School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Rutgers University Canada

A volunteer was given cranberry juice cocktail (CJC) or water to drink, and urine was collected at 2 and 8 hours after consumption, in order to quantitatively determine whether adhesion forces were changed for the volunteer after CJC consumption. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure adhesion forces between bacteria and a silicon nitride tip. Forces between Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus and the AFM tip were lower in the urine after the volunteer consumed CJC, compared to drinking water. A steric model was applied to the AFM data, in order to quantify how the urine changed the properties of the bacterial surfaces. There was a small decrease in the equilibrium length of surface molecules on the bacteria when in the post-CJC urine, compared to the post-water urine. However, these changes were not statistically significant. We hypothesize that post-CJC urine imparts subtle changes on the molecules of the bacterial surfaces, and that these changes lead to the reduction in adhesion with the AFM probe.

关键词： Vacciniumm macrocarpon Urinary Tract Infections E. coli S. aureus AFM

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中国引进蔓越桔品种的花色苷特征及遗传多样性分析

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分子植物育种 2020年第6期18卷 2034-2040页

作者：徐国辉闫东玲王丽金刘国玲雷蕾王贺新大连大学现代农业研究院大连116622 大连大学生命科学与技术学院大连116622 大连森茂现代农业有限公司大连116112 北京工商大学食品与健康学院北京100048

蔓越桔是一类富含花青素的小浆果,但其花色苷组分及含量尚不清楚。为明确中国目前引进蔓越桔品种的花色苷及遗传多样性特征,本研究以9个蔓越桔栽培品种为试验材料,采用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC-DAD)对其花色苷进行定性与定量分析,同时根... 详细信息

蔓越桔是一类富含花青素的小浆果,但其花色苷组分及含量尚不清楚。为明确中国目前引进蔓越桔品种的花色苷及遗传多样性特征,本研究以9个蔓越桔栽培品种为试验材料,采用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC-DAD)对其花色苷进行定性与定量分析,同时根据花色苷含量特征对蔓越桔品种进行聚类分析。色谱分析结果表明,9个蔓越桔品种总花色苷含量变化范围为9.140 3~34.620 2 mg/100g,且均含有6种单体花色苷;方差分析结果显示,不同品种总花色苷含量以及单体花色苷比例之间均存在差异显著性。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,9个品种在相对距离为5的水平上,可将其分成3个类群,第Ⅰ类群为‘史蒂文’,第Ⅱ类群为‘森特维尔’,第Ⅲ类群包含‘博蔓’、‘奥斯通’和‘克劳利’等7个品种,该研究将为蔓越桔品种的加工和利用提供科学依据。

关键词：蔓越桔(Vaccinium macrocarpon L.) 越桔属(Vaccinium) 高效液相色谱花色苷聚类分析

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