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Optimized nitrogen application for maximizing yield and minimizing nitrogen loss in film mulching spring maize production on the loess plateau,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1671-1684页

作者： Qilong Song Jie Zhang Fangfang Zhang Yufang Shen Shanchao Yue Shiqing Li State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwestA&FUniversityYangling712100China Life Science Department Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang 471934China

Excessive use of N fertilizers(driven by high-yield goals)and its consequent environmental problems are becoming increasingly acute in agricultural systems.A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three N application methods(application of solid granular urea once(OF)or twice(TF),application of solid granular urea mixed with controlled-release urea once(MF),and six N rates(0,60,120,180,240,and 300 kg N ha^(-1))on maize yield,economic benefits,N use efficiency,and soil N balance in the maize(Zea mays L.)film mulching system on the loess plateau,China.The grain yield and economic return of maize were significantly affected by the N rate and application method.Compared with the OF treatment,the MF treatment not only increased the maize yield(increased by 9.0-16.7%)but also improved the economic return(increased by 10.9-25.8%).The agronomic N use efficiency(NAE),N partial factor productivity(NPFP)and recovery N efficiency(NRE)were significantly improved by 19.3-66.7,9.0-16.7 and 40.2-71.5%,respectively,compared with the OF treatment.The economic optimal N rate(EONR)of the OF,TF,and MF was 145.6,147.2,and 144.9 kg ha^(-1) in 2019,and 206.4,186.4,and 146.0 kg ha^(-1) in 2020,respectively.The apparent soil N loss at EONR of the OF,TF,and MF were 97.1-100.5,78.5-79.3,and 50.5-68.1 kg ha^(-1),respectively.These results support MF as a one-time N application method for delivering high yields and economic benefits,with low N input requirements within film mulching spring maize system on the loess plateau.

关键词： maize yield N management economic optimal N rate loess plateau

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Spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their trade-offs and synergies against the background of the gully control and land consolidation project on the loess plateau,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 131-145页

作者： WANG Jing WEI Yulu PENG Biao LIU Siqi LI Jianfeng Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering Ministry of Natural and ResourcesXi'an 710075China Institute of Land Engineering and Technology Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.Ltd.Xi'an 710021China School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation Xi'an 710064China

Studying the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem services and their interrelationships on the loess plateau against the background of the gully control and land consolidation(GCLC)project has significant implications for ecological protection and quality development of the Yellow River Basin.Therefore,in this study,we took Yan'an City,Shaanxi Province of China,as the study area,selected four typical ecosystem services,including soil conservation service,water yield service,carbon storage service,and habitat quality service,and quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services from 2010 to 2018 using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model.We also analysed the relationship between the GCLC project and regional ecosystem service changes in various regions(including 1 city,2 districts,and 10 counties)of Yan'an City and proposed a coordinated development strategy between the GCLC project and the ecological environment.The results showed that,from 2010 to 2018,soil conservation service decreased by 7.76%,while the other three ecosystem services changed relatively little,with water yield service increasing by 0.56% and carbon storage service and habitat quality service decreasing by 0.16% and 0.14%,respectively.The ecological environment of Yan'an City developed in a balanced way between 2010 and 2018,and the four ecosystem services showed synergistic relationships,among which the synergistic relationships between soil conservation service and water yield service and between carbon storage service and habitat quality service were significant.The GCLC project had a negative impact on the ecosystem services of Yan'an City,and the impact on carbon storage service was more significant.This study provides a theoretical basis for the scientific evaluation of the ecological benefits of the GCLC project and the realization of a win-win situation between food security and ecological security.

关键词： ecosystem services trade-offs and synergies gully control and land consolidation habitat quality Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model loess plateau

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Building a More Sustainable Chinese loess plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 283-287页

作者： Peiyue Li Xiaomei Kou Yong Wang Le Niu School of Water and Environment Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited Xi'an 710065China PowerChina Sinohydro Bureau 3 Co. LTD.Xi'an 710024China

The Chinese loess plateau,a region of remarkable ecological and economic value,grapples with significant water management challenges due to its distinctive geology and climate.This perspective offers a short review of the eco-environmental protection measures undertaken in the loess plateau,underscoring the transformative impacts of initiatives such as the“Grain for Green”project.However,it also highlights the enduring challenges,including land degradation,water resources issues,socio-economic inequities,and the implications of climate change.Particularly,water management emerges as a pivotal issue with far-reaching repercussions for soil conservation,biodiversity,and human livelihoods.The paper concludes by proposing future actions,emphasizing the necessity for policy modifications,novel initiatives,and research to tackle these challenges and foster sustainable development in the loess plateau.The insights gained from this region could offer invaluable lessons for other regions confronted with similar challenges,thereby contributing to global efforts to mitigate desertification and champion sustainable development.

关键词： loess plateau eco-environmental protection water management sustainable development climate change

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Assessment of natural and anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial water storage in the loess plateau based on different types of GRACE/GRACE-FO solutions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2173-2192页

作者： ZHANG Cheng CHEN Peng ZHU Chengchang LU Jierui ZHANG Yuchen YANG Xinyue WU Mengyan College of Geomatics Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an 710054China State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China

Changes in water resource storage are inevitable due to climate change and human activities,thus understanding alterations in water storage within a specific region is imperative for the planning and management of water resources.Data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)satellite mission are extensively employed to analyze large-scale total terrestrial water storage anomalies(TWSA).In this study,we derived a more reliable TWSA using different types of GRACE gravity models,which served as the basis for evaluating spatial and temporal variations in total terrestrial water storage and its hydrological components(soil moisture and groundwater)across the loess plateau.Additionally,we analyzed the impact of natural and anthropogenic influences on water storage in the loess plateau,categorizing them into primary and secondary influences,utilizing data on climate and human activities.The findings revealed a declining trend in the overall TWSA of the loess plateau,with a rate of decrease at-0.65±0.05 cm/yr from 2003 to 2020(Ploess plateau.More in-depth studies showed that soil moisture changes in the study area were primarily driven by evapotranspiration and temperature,with precipitation and vegetation cover status playing a secondary role.Human activities had a secondary effect on soil moisture in some sub-regions.Population change and agricultural development were major factors in altering groundwater storage in the study area.Other than that,groundwater was influenced by natural factors to a limited extent.These findings provided valuable insights for local governments to implement proactive water management policies.

关键词： GRACE Terrestrial water storage Human activity loess plateau

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Species composition and influencing factors of understory woody species in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations on the loess plateau

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第6期34卷 1693-1706页

作者： Haijiao Yang Jinfang Gao Chao Pan Shiqi Qing Yun Wu Lina Jiang Zhibin Wang Dihai Wang College of Forestry Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China

Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)plantations have contributed significantly to soil and water conservation and ecological reconstruction on China’s loess plateau.Understanding the impact of stand and environment on species composition of understory woody plants will improve the stability of existing black locust plantations.Ten stands were selected in second-generation black locust plantations in tableland and gully areas of the loess plateau.The number of understory tree species in the tablelands was significantly lower than in the gully stands.Regenerated black locust(19.76%)and Rubus corchorifolius L.f.(64.85%)were the most abundant understory tree and shrub species,respectively,in the tableland stands;Broussonetia papyrifera(L.)L’Hér.ex Vent.(6.77%)and Acanthopanax senticosus(Rupr.Maxim.)Harms.(37.22%)were most abundant in the gully stands.Species richness(S),Shannon diversity(H),and evenness index(J)of the understory plants were significantly lower in the tableland stands than in the gully stands.More diverse understory species and community structures occurred in the gully stands.Differences in species diversity among landform positions may be attributed to differences in soil moisture.In addition,77.57%of the variation in understory species composition was explained,among which shrub and herb coverage,stand age,leaf area index,slope and total soil phosphorus in the 10-20 cm layer were the main factors.Soil organic carbon and total potassium significantly impacted S,H and J.Considering the environmental conditions and the biological characteristics of the plants investigated,R.corchorifolius should be given priority in the development of tableland stands,while B.papyrifera and Celtis sinensis Pers.should form mixed forests with black locust in gully stands.This management could promote biodiversity and stability of the existing black locust plantations but also optimize regional landscape patterns.

关键词： Black locust plantation Understory woody plants Species composition Species diversity pattern loess plateau

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Relationship between multi-scale climate factors and performance of ecological engineering on the loess plateau, China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 789-800页

作者： Panxing He Jun Ma Zhiming Han Mingjie Shi Dongxiang Xu Zongjiu Sun Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringNational Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze EstuarySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438People’s Republic of China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Western Arid Region Grassland Resources and Ecology College of Grassland and Environment SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi830052People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Areas Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an710077People’s Republic of China School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072Australia

The long-term “Grain-to-Green Program” (GGP) on China’s loess plateau is a major global ecological engineering project which has significantly boosted vegetation renewal. Some studies have found that the rate of restoration is quite rapid during the implementation of ecological engineering, however, the influence of multi-scale climatic conditions on the performance of ecological engineering is unclear. In this study, multiple sources of remote sensing data were used to estimate the dynamics of vegetation structural and functional indicators, water-related local climatic factors, and atmospheric circulation factors. These datasets were also used to detect possible causes for vegetation restoration on the loess plateau over the past 20 years. The results show that widespread increases in rates of normalized difference vegetation indexes (NDVI), leaf area indexes (LAI), gross primary production (GPP), and aboveground biomass carbon (ABC) during 2000–2016 were significantly higher than before 2000. GPP was significantly correlated with rainfall and surface runoff on a monthly scale, and there were significant positive correlations between GPP and atmospheric circulation. Our results demonstrate that both vegetation structural and functional indicators rapidly increase, and ecological engineering greatly accelerated vegetation restoration after 2000. Local climatic conditions and atmospheric circulation patterns enhance vegetation growth and impact of ecological engineering.

关键词： Vegetation restoration Ecological engineering Water-related climatic factors Atmospheric circulation and sunspot loess plateau

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Dynamic Modeling Framework of Sediment Trapped by Check-Dam Networks:A Case Study of a Typical Watershed on the Chinese loess plateau

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 209-221页

作者： Pengcheng Sun Yiping Wu Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering the Ministry of Natural ResourcesShaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.Ltd.Xi’an 710075China Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation on the loess plateau of Ministry of Water Resources Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic ResearchZhengzhou 450003China Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering and Human Settlement Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.Ltd.&Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710115China

Check-dam construction is an effective and widely used method for sediment trapping in the Yellow River Basin and other places over the world that are prone to severe soil erosion.Quantitative estimations of the dynamic sediment trapped by check dams are necessary for evaluating the effects of check dams and planning the construction of new ones.In this study,we propose a new framework,named soil and water assessment tool(SWAT)–dynamic check dam(DCDam),for modeling the sediment trapped by check dams dynamically,by integrating the widely utilized SWAT model and a newly developed module called DCDam.We then applied this framework to a typical loess watershed,the Yan River Basin,to assess the time-varying effects of check-dam networks over the past 60 years(1957–2016).The DCDam module generated a specific check-dam network to conceptualize the complex connections at each time step(monthly).In addition,the streamflow and sediment load simulated by using the SWAT model were employed to force the sediment routing in the check-dam network.The evaluation results revealed that the SWAT-DCDam framework performed satisfactorily,with an overestimation of 11.50%,in simulating sediment trapped by check dams,when compared with a field survey of the accumulated sediment deposition.For the Yan River Basin,our results indicated that the designed structural parameters of check dams have evolved over the past 60 years,with higher dams(37.14%and 9.22%increase for large dams and medium dams,respectively)but smaller controlled areas(46.03%and 10.56%decrease for large dams and medium dams,respectively)in recent years.Sediment retained by check dams contributed to approximately 15.00%of the total sediment load reduction in the Yan River during 1970–2016.Thus,our developed framework can be a promising tool for evaluating check-dam effects,and this study can provide valuable information and support to decision-making for soil and water conservation and check-dam planning and management.

关键词： Check dams Dynamic check dam(DCDam) loess plateau Sediment trapping SWAT

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Decoupling effects of driving factors on sediment yield in the Chinese loess plateau

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 60-74页

作者： Xiaojing Tian Guangju Zhao Xingmin Mu Pengfei Zhang Peng Gao Wenyi Sun Xiaoyan Lu Peng Tian State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F University26 Xinong RoadYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources26 Xinong RoadYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co Ltd.Wuhan430000Hubei ProvinceChina Erdos Hydrological Survey Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Erdos017010Inner MongoliaChina College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University3 Taicheng RoadYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina

Investigations of runoff and sediment yield changes and their relationships with potential driving factors provide good insights for understanding the mechanisms of hydrological processes.This study attempted to present a comprehensive investigation on the spatiotemporal variations of sediment yield in the loess plateau using continuous observed data at 46 hydrological stations during 1961-2016,and its responses to changes of precipitation,land use/cover and vegetation cover were analyzed by using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM).The results indicated that sediment yield reduced pro-nouncedly during 1961-2016 in the loess plateau,and 77.9%of this variation was explained by the combined effects of precipitation,land-use change,vegetation dynamics and runoff reduction.Indirect effects of precipitation,land-use change,and vegetation cover on sediment yield were 0.242,-0.528 and-0.630(Ploess plateau.The findings are expected to provide scientific and technical support for future soil and water conservation planning in the loess plateau,and are valuable for sus-tainable water resources and sediment load management in the Yellow River Basin.

关键词： Sediment yield Driving factors Correlation analysis PLS-SEM loess plateau

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Leaf C:N:P stoichiometric homeostasis of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation on the loess plateau

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 929-937页

作者： Zhuoxia Su Bingqian Su Shenglin Mao Zhouping Shangguan State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China

Homeostasis is the adaptability of a species to a changing environment.However,the ecological stoichiometric homeostasis of Robinia pseudoacacia L.in diff erent climatic regions is poorly understood but could provide insights into its adaptability in the loess hilly region.This study sampled 20 year-old R.pseudoacacia plantations at 10 sites along a north–south transect on the loess plateau.Variations in the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of leaf and soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus were analysed and homeostatic characteristics of leaf ecological stoichiometric parameters in diff erent climates were identifi ed.Factors aff ecting leaf stoichiometry were assessed.The results show that R.pseudoacacia leaves were rich in nitrogen and defi cient in phosphorous during tree growth and development.Nitrogen and phosphorous levels in the soils of the loess region were lower than the average in soils in the rest of China.All ecological stoichiometric parameters of R.pseudoacacia leaves in two diff erent climates were considered“strictly homeostasis”.Precipitation,available phosphorus,and soil C:P were the main factors aff ecting the variation of C:N:P stoichiometry of R.pseudoacacia leaves.R.pseudoacacia in the loess hilly region has strong ecologically homeostatic characteristics and suggests that it is well-adapted to the area.

关键词： loess plateau Robinia pseudoacacia Ecological stoichiometry Homeostasis

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Effects of nitrogen addition on the soil detachment in the typical grasslands of the loess plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3503-3516页

作者： LI Pan-pan WANG Bing YANG Yan-fen LIU Guo-bin State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the loess plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

Nitrogen deposition will alleviate the nitrogen limitation in terrestrial ecosystems and greatly affect vegetation growth,thereby soil erosion.It is important to clarify the effects of nitrogen addition to the plant roots and soil properties on the soil erosion process.A nitrogen addition experiment was conducted in the grassland dominated by Bothriochloa ischaemum(Linn.)Keng(BI),which has received 0,2.5,5,and 10 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1)(N_(0),N_(2.5),N_(5)and N_(10),respectively)for three consecutive years.Then,a total of 150 undisturbed soil samples were collected(including bare soil control)and subjected to flowing water to test their soil detachment capacities under six shear stress levels(10.2 Pa to 29.9 Pa).Three-year nitrogen addition increased the soil bulk density,soil cohesion and nitrate nitrogen while decreasing the saturated hydraulic conductivity,soil water-stable aggregates,soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.The root mass density and root diameter decreased with nitrogen addition.And the root length,surface area and volume density of the N_(0) and N_(5) treatments were larger than those of the other treatments,while the plant roots were significantly inhibited by N_(10).Additionally,the soil detachment capacity(D_(c))and rill erodibility(K_(r))of the N_(0) and N_(5) treatments were significantly less than those of the N_(2.5) and N_(10)treatments,of which the Dc(0.020 kg m^(-2) s^(-1))of the N_(0) treatment was 69.0%,24.3%and 66.8%less than that of the N_(2.5),N_(5) and N_(10) treatments,respectively.The Kr of the N_(0) treatment was 0.0012 s m^(-1),which was 72.1%,25.0%and 70.0%less than that of the others.This study implies that an increase in nitrogen addition likely exacerbates soil erosion in the early(approximately 2.5 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1))and late phases(more than 10 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1)).However,when the nitrogen addition rate is approximately 5 g m^(-2) yr^(-1),soil erosion may be inhibited because of the responses of the plant roots and soil to nitrogen addition.

关键词： Nitrogen deposition Root traits Soil properties Soil detachment Grassland loess plateau

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