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IPM-Biological and integrated management of desert locust

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第12期21卷 3467-3487页

作者： LI Shuang FENG Shi-qian Hidayat ULLAH TU Xiong-bing ZHANG Ze-hua State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chongqing 401329P.R.China Department of Agriculture The University of SwabiAnbar-23561Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in XilinGol Rangeland Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXilinhot 026000P.R.China

locusts have caused periodic disasters in the recorded history of humankind.Up to now,locust disaster is still the biggest threat to the world’s agricultural production.The desert locust Schistocerca gregaria is one of the most harmful locusts,which has caused massive food crises,economic losses,and ecological disasters.The desert locust is a migratory insect pest that occurs year-round in the tropic and subtropical regions.Under the wind and seasonal alternation,it moves and flies in the African continent and West Asia.Desert locust damages the stems and leaves of more than 300 plants,including Gramineae,Tribulus terrestris,and Euphorbiaceae.locusts cause devastating disasters to local plants,especially field crops,and significantly threaten food security.To date,voluminous research has been conducted regarding the ecology and management of desert locusts.This review represents an effort to summarize the basic information on the biology and ecology,distribution,damage,and economic impact of desert locusts,examine the recent developments in integrated locust management,and make recommendations for future research.

关键词： Schistocerca gregaria crops Orthoptera locust agriculture production ecology

基于ECC安注热混合试验的locust 1.2分析与验证

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原子能科学技术 2022年第8期56卷 1515-1522页

作者：丁雯张大林张魁陈荣华谢晓风琚忠云徐财红王婷田文喜秋穗正西安交通大学核科学与技术学院陕西西安710049 中广核研究院有限公司广东深圳518026

在失水事故(LOCA)工况下安注系统投入使用时,蒸汽与安注冷却剂会发生流体热力学混合,热混合过程中冷腿段的冷却是直接影响堆芯再淹没与否的重要因素。中国广核集团有限公司自主研发了一款两相流热工水力系统分析软件locust,可用于压水... 详细信息

在失水事故(LOCA)工况下安注系统投入使用时,蒸汽与安注冷却剂会发生流体热力学混合,热混合过程中冷腿段的冷却是直接影响堆芯再淹没与否的重要因素。中国广核集团有限公司自主研发了一款两相流热工水力系统分析软件locust,可用于压水堆核电厂事故工况的分析计算。基于西安交通大学堆芯应急冷却系统(ECCS-XJTU)试验台架进行的堆芯应急冷却(ECC)安注热混合试验,本文使用locust软件对ECC热混合试验进行了几何建模及计算分析。ECC热混合试验工况主要为不同流量下主管纯蒸汽与安注管过冷水的混合,蒸汽流量为25~125 kg/h,过冷水流量为100~500 kg/h。模拟计算结果和试验结果的对比分析表明:试验段出口质量流量计算值的最大相对误差在13.8%以内,混合后温度计算值的最大相对误差在8%以内,locust在计算高温蒸汽和过冷水混合时的计算结果相对保守,总体上验证了locust在LOCA下两相热混合安注计算的可靠性和准确性。

关键词： ECC 热工水力两相流 locust 热混合 T型管

Design and Demonstration of a locust-Like Jumping Mechanism for Small-Scale Robots

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第3期9卷 271-281页

作者： Quoc-Viet Nguyen Hoon Cheol Park Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Konkuk University Seoul 143-701 Republic of Korea

A jumping mechanism can be an efficient mode of motion for small robots to overcome large obstacles on the ground and rough terrain. In this paper, we present a 7 g prototype of locust-inspired jumping mechanism that uses springs, wire, reduction gears, and a motor as the actuation components. The leg structure and muscles of a locust or grasshopper were mimicked using springs and wire, springs for passive extensor muscles, and a wire as a flexor muscle. A small motor was used to slowly charge the spring through a lever and gear system, and a cam with a special profile was used as a clicking mechanism for quick release of elastic energy stored in the springs to create a sudden kick for a quick jump. Performance analysis and experiments were conducted for comparison and performance estimation of the jumping mechanism prototype. Our prototype could produce standing jumps over obstacles that were about 14 times its own size （approximate to 71 cm） and a jumping distance of 20 times its own size （approximate to 100 cm）.

关键词： biomimetics locust jumping mechanism passive tibia extensor muscle

The Mechanics and Trajectory Control in locust Jumping

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2013年第2期10卷 194-200页

作者： Longbao Han Zhouyi Wang Aihong Ji Zhendong Dai Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronauties Nanjing 210016 P. R. China China International Engineering Consulting Corporation Beijing 100048 P. R. China

locusts （locusta migratoria manilensis） are characterised by their flying ability and abiding jump ability. Research on the jumping mechanics and behavior of locusts plays an important role in elucidating the mechanism of hexapod locomotion. The jump gestures of locusts were observed using high-speed video camera at 250 fps. The reaction forces of the hindlegs were measured using two three-dimensional sensors, in case the two hindlegs attached on separated sensor plates. The jump gestures and reaction forces were used to illustrate the locust jumping mechanism. Results show that the trajectory control is achieved by rapid rolling and yawing movements of the locust body, caused by the forelegs, midlegs and hindlegs in different jumping phases. The final jump trajectory was not determined until hind tarsi left platform. The horizontal co-impulse between two hindlegs might play a key role in jump stability and accuracy. Besides, the angle between two hindlegs affects the control of jump trajectory but has a little effect on the elevation angle of a jump, which is controlled mechanically by the initial position of the hindlegs. This research lays the groundwork for the probable design and development ofbiomimetic robotics.

关键词： locust hindleg reaction force elevation angle jump trajectory

Using an image segmentation and support vector machine method for identifying two locust species and instars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第5期19卷 1301-1313页

作者： Shuhan LU YE Si-jing Department of Computer and Information Science College of Art and ScienceOhio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875P.R.China Center for Geodata and Analysis Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875P.R.China

locusts are agricultural pests around the world. To cognize how locust distribution density and community structure are related to the hydrothermal and vegetation growth conditions of their habitats and thereby providing rapid and accurate warning of locust invasions, it is important to develop efficient and accurate techniques for acquiring locust information. In this paper, by analyzing the differences between the morphological features of locusta migratoria manilensis and Oedaleus decorus asiaticus, we proposed a semi-automatic locust species and instar information detection model based on locust image segmentation, locust feature variable extraction and support vector machine(SVM) classification. And we subsequently examined its applicability and accuracy based on sample image data acquired in the field. locust image segmentation experiment showed that the proposed GrabCut-based interactive segmentation method can be used to rapidly extract images of various locust body parts and exhibits excellent operability. In a locust feature variable extraction experiment, the textural, color and morphological features of various locust body parts were calculated. Based on the results, eight feature variables were selected to identify locust species and instars using outlier detection, variable function calculation and principal component analysis. An SVM-based locust classification experiment achieved a semi-automatic detection accuracy of 96.16% when a polynomial kernel function with a penalty factor parameter c of 2 040 and a gamma parameter g of 0.5 was used. The proposed detection model exhibits advantages such as high applicability and accuracy when it is used to identify locust instars of L. migratoria manilensis and O. decorus asiaticus, and it can also be used to identify other species of locusts.

关键词： locust identification machine learning support vector machine L.migratoria manilensis O.decorus asiaticus

locust Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization Technique

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2014年第2期31卷 190-196页

作者：钟伟民谢雪勤梁毅罗娜张娟钱锋 Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and Technology

The collective behavior of certain animals and insects has the characteristic of self-organization. The simple interactions among individuals can produce complex adaptive patterns at the level of the group. Recently,new scientific investigation pointed out that desert locusts show extreme phenotypic plasticity in transforming between the lonely phase and the swarming gregarious phase depending on the population density,which is controlled by a serotonin called 5-hydroxytryptamine( 5HT). In this paper,based on the mechanism of the locusts' collective behavior,a new particle swarm optimization technique called LBPSO is studied. The number of swarms is selfadaptively adjusted by the acquired outstanding particles coming from behind the previous global best solution. The swarm sizes are related to the corresponding serotonin 5HT,which is determined by the optimization parameters such as global best and iteration number. And each swarm adopts one of three rules below according to its density, generalized social evolution strategy, generalized cognition evolution strategy and the independent moving strategy. A comparative study of LBPSO,social particle swarm optimization( SPSO), improved SPSO and the standard particle swarm optimization( StdPSO) on their abilities of tracking optima is carried out. And the results under four static benchmark functions and a dynamic function generator moving peaks benchmark( MPB)show that LBPSO outperforms the other three functions in both static and dynamic landscapes due to the introduced locusts' collective behavior.

关键词： evolutionary algorithm particle swarm optimization(PSO) locust collective behavior

Expression and Characterization of a Sigma-Class Glutathione S-transferase of the Oriental Migratory locust, locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen)

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第10期10卷 1570-1576页

作者： JIA Miao QIN Guo-hua LIU Ting ZHANG Jian-zhen ZHANG Xue-yao ZHU Kun-yan GUO Ya-ping MA En-bo Researeh Institute of Applied Biology Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 P.R. China College of Environmental Science and Resource Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 P.R.China Department of Entomology 123 Waters Hall Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA School of Life Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 P.R. China

A cDNA encoding a sigma-class glutathione S-transferase of the locust, locusta migratoria manilensis （LmGSTs1）, was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The 830 bp-long cDNA encoded a 615 bp open reading frame （204 amino acid polypeptide）, which exhibited the structural motif and domain organization characteristic of GST sigma-class. It revealed 59, 57, 57, and 56% identities to sigma-class GSTs from Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa orientalis, Nasonia vitripennis, and Pediculus humanus corporis, respectively. A recombinant protein （LmGSTs1） was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli cells in a soluble form and purified to homogeneity. LmGSTs1 was able to catalyze the biotranslation of glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a model substrate for GSTs, as well as with p-nitro-benzyl chloride. Its optimal activity was observed at pH 8.0 and at 30℃. Incubation for 30 min at temperatures below 50℃ scarcely affected the activity. The I50 of reactive blue （RB） was 18.5 μmol L-1. In the presence of 0.05 mmol L-1 ethacrynic acid （ECA）, LmGSTs1 showed （81±3）% of the original activities.

关键词： glutathione S-transferase GST locust locusta migratoria manilensis Orthoptera sigma-class

An intracellular study on low-frequency acoustic signal processing in locust——Structure and function of the cercus-to-giant interneuron system

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Science China Chemistry 1995年第10期38卷 1210-1221页

作者：沈钧贤徐智敏 Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The structure and function of the cercus-to-giant interneuron system,relevant to the receptionof low-frequency sound,within the terminal abdominal ganglion of the locust locusta migratoria were revealedby using intracellular electrophysiological recording and dye labeling technique.This system consists of 4 bilater-al pairs of the giant interneurons(GIs 1—4).Each GI has distinct dendritic branching fields,position of thesoma,and location and orientation of its major axon.The characteristics of the system in responseto low-frequency sound,such as discharge patterns,the relationships between response threshold-frequency,in-tensity curves,and encoding of stimulus frequency,were also studied.The role of the system in low-frequencysound communication was discussed.

关键词： cercus-to-giant interneuron system responses to low-frequency sound acoustic information processing locust locusta migratoria

Predation Capability of Black Kite (Milvus migrans parasitus) on locust as a Biological Control Option in Madagascar

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Open Journal of Ecology 2016年第5期6卷 254-263页

作者： Mahitandrainy Jules Andriatsirevombola Jiwen Ge Raholijaona School of Environmental Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Free Consultant in Ecology Antananarivo Madagascar

In Madagascar, the South and Southwest regions have for decades had locust outbreaks that have devastated crop fields. The locust species dominant in this area are the red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata) and the Migratory locust (locusta migratoria capito). This paper aimed at determining the predation values from the Black Kite (Milvus migrans parasitus), a natural enemy for locusts, as a biological measure for locust outbreak control. Two types of experiments were done that included observed predation and experimental predation. It was observed, in the observed predation, that a higher number of locusts were found in the bird’s stomach during the afternoon session (mean = 66) than during the morning session (mean = 21). The high peak observed during the afternoon session was also associated with the feeding of larvae of the migratory locust. The experimental predation results showed that almost 100 percent of the larval and 97 percent of the fledglings were fed on. The experimental predation results also showed that there was no preference for larvae or fledglings in the cage and that the bird fed on the different combinations equally. This study showed that the Black Kite birds can effectively control locust population in an outbreak when they are easy to predate on. However, there is a need to assess the population of birds in locust infested areas to determine if the bird population is enough to predate on a locust outbreak.

关键词： Integrated Pest Management Milvus migrans parasitus locust Madagascar Avian Insectivory