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Classification and management of community forests in Indian Eastern Himalayas:implications on ecosystem services,conservation and livelihoods

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 297-311页

作者： Ranjay K.Singh Shah M.Hussain T.Riba Anshuman Singh Egul Padung Orik Rallen Y.J.Lego Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj College of Horticulture and Forestry Central Agricultural UniversityPasighatArunachal Pradesh 791102India ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute KarnalHaryana 132001India Doying Gumin College East SiangPasighatArunachal PradeshIndia Pasighat India

Introduction:Evidence is mounting that traditional knowledge can play a critical role in shaping the biodiversity conservation strategies and maintaining ecosystem *** study was conducted with Adi community of Arunachal Pradesh(Ar P)state in the Eastern Indian Himalayas to understand as how local systems of forest classification governs conservation tradition and influences subsistence *** Adi villages were sampled from East Siang district of Ar P.A total of 197 men and 204 women(total of 401)Adi respondents were selected for this study.A combination of methodologies including in-depth interview,transect walks,focus group discussion,participant observation and informal interactions were combined for data ***:Local forests are classified into 10 different categories based on indicators such as topography,cultural significance,use typology,ownership rights and plant diversity *** people assign different values(economic,cultural and ecological)to different forest ***,morang followed by regpi and homegardens are perceived to be more valuable to the local needs than other forests with relative ranking of a particular forest reflecting its *** access several diverse services from these community-managed *** to men(3–35%),the role of women was assessed to be much higher(65 to 100%)in conserving forest ***-led practices,instrumental in sustainable forest management,included deliberate manipulations of micro-habitats,sustainable harvesting strategies and species *** were mostly involved in ownership and decision-making roles and in devising social norms to ensure *** celebrate a number of cultural events to sustain ***-based livelihoods are intrinsically connected to forest resource conservation and are governed by community *** of the community members gather plants,hunt wild animals and access other ecosystem se

关键词： Adi tribe Forest classification Traditional ecological knowledge Indigenous institutions Ecosystem services Conservation livelihoods

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Impact of land expropriation on farmers’ livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第11期16卷 2484-2501页

作者： GUO Shi-li LI Chun-jie WEI Ya-li ZHOU Kui LIU Shao-quan XU Ding-de LI Qian-yu China Western Economic Research Center Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengdu 610074China College of Environmental Science and Tourism Nanyang Normal UniversityNanyang 473061China College of Resources Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Sichuan Center for Rural Development Research College of Management of Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

Research on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households is of great significance to mitigating rural poverty and reasonable land expropriation policy helps to realize better livelihoods and sustainable *** have conducted considerable research on the relationships between land expropriation and farmers'***,few quantitative studies have used the characteristics of villages as control variables to systematically analyze the impact of land expropriation on farmers'livelihood capital and strategy in the mountainous and hilly regions of *** study uses the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM)to systematically explain the impact of land expropriation on farmers'livelihoods in mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan in 2013,with the characteristics of the village including income,accessibility and terrain as control *** analysis uses both representative sample data of 240 rural households and spatial data calculated using a 30 m Digital Elevation Model(DEM)by Geographic Information System(GIS).Results are as follows:(1)The land expropriation characteristicsare negatively affected by village *** with worse accessibility tend to have fewer land parcels and less land area ***,land that is expropriated from inaccessible villages tends to receive less compensation.(2)Natural capital is negatively affected by number and area of land *** capital is not only directly affected by village accessibility,but also indirectly affected by village accessibility through the mediating effect of the number and area of land parcels expropriated.(3)Physical capital is positively affected by compensation for land expropriation,and negatively affected by village accessibility through compensation for land *** worse a village's accessibility/location is,the less compensation it will receive for land expropriation,resulting in lower physical capital.(4)F

关键词： Sustainable livelihoods Land expropriation Partial least squares-structural equation model Mediating effects Mountainous regions

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A long way to go:impacts of urbanization on migrants’livelihoods and rural ecology in less industrialized regions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第12期20卷 3450-3463页

作者： ZHANG Zhi-qi LI Ming-jing LI Wen-jun WEI Yi-ran SHI Yi-lu Department of Environmental Management Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Urbanization,often coupled with industrialization,is generally considered as a boost for improving livelihood as well as alleviating ecological pressures of the rural ***,this experience needs to be tested in less industrialized areas,particularly where the urbanization is driven by non-economic factors such as urban public services and relevant government policies rather than employment *** two villages on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as examples,through the field investigation by using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews,and statistical data analysis,we explored the impacts of urbanization on migrants’livelihoods and the ecological conditions of their original village *** found that the disposable income and savings of emigrant households were less than the stay households,which might be correlated to the limited employment due to the lagged industrialization in the local township,and the mismatch between their traditional labor skills and the demands of urban *** home-village rangeland overuse was not alleviated since the increasing grazing pressure caused by the stay households,though the emigrant households intended to decrease the number of livestock on their home *** concluded that the urbanization misaligned with local industrialization may fail to improve migrant livelihoods and local ecological conditions in less industrialized *** research supplements the previous urbanization theory by highlighting the non-industrialization driven urbanization,and is particularly pertinent for the transitional countries worldwide.

关键词： Urbanization Industrialization livelihoods Ecological conditions Pastoral areas Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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The invasion of Prosopis juliflora and Afar pastoral livelihoods in the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2015年第1期4卷 145-153页

作者： Zeraye H.Mehari Natural Resources Research Division Werer Agricultural Research CenterEthiopian Institute of Agricultural Research(EIAR)Addis Ababa 2003Ethiopia

Introduction:An evergreen shrub,Prosopis juliflora is one of the most invasive species in arid and semi-arid *** its introduction to the Middle Awash area of Ethiopia,it has invaded a huge acreage of grass-and rangelands which are life-supporting unit for Afar ***:Survey,using group discussion and questionnaire,was made to study the effect of *** invasion on Afar pastoral *** obtained data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test,chi-square analysis,and logistic ***:According to the result,84%of the total surveyed households rated *** as undesirable species even though the bush was often used for fuelwood,fencing homesteads,and barn and house *** of *** was also blamed to limit transhumance,occupying settlement areas and affecting multipurpose trees/bushes and grass *** these effects put pressure on the livestock assets causing about 80%livestock loss,testing the pastoral livelihoods *** household,on average,lost 6.5 small stock and 7 cattle during the past 10 years due to health hazards caused by *** ***,*** as a source of income was considered by a quarter of the surveyed pastoral households,with the age of a household head and change in livestock asset being influential variables in ***:In sum,*** invasion has made livestock rearing extremely difficult which raised pastoralists’ecological vulnerability in the fragile ecosystem they possess.

关键词： Afar pastoralists Middle Awash area Prosopis juliflora Invasion Livestock livelihoods

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Rural households' livelihoods diversification through termite utilization in depressed region of Zimbabwe

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2015年第4期13卷 373-378页

作者： Josiah Taru Bernard Chazovachii Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Great Zimbabwe University Department of Rural and Urban Development Great Zimbabwe University

This study sought to examine the utility of termites to rural households in depressed regions of Bikita,*** and its spread of European culture had viewed entomophagy with contempt resulting in reduced utilization and consumption of termites in most *** our quest to understand how people in depressed regions utilized termites,both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were *** and in-depth interviews were used to gather data during field *** and snowball sampling techniques were used in recruiting *** and content analysis were used in data presentation and *** revealed that dampwood and drywood termites are climatic indicators for the rural communal farmers,a low-cost technology in weather *** and mold builders provide manure,relish,and are medicinal in *** are traded for income generation,and as for the poor,harvesting,processing,storage,and marketing is cost *** considered nostalgic foods,most respondents highlighted that selling termites complimented other off-farm livelihood *** consumption and utilization provide a sustainable way for livelihood diversification in depressed regions and has partly addressed problems of food insecurity.

关键词： termites consumption and utilization livelihoods food security NTFP

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Reduction in the Water Level of Lake Victoria and Its Implications on livelihoods in Rwanjaba Lakeshore Community,Uganda

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2012年第1期10卷 64-72页

作者： Semakula Henry Musoke Boon E K Human Ecology Department Vrije Universiteit BrusselLaarbeeklaan 107/103B-1090BrusselsBelgium

This paper examines the livelihood challenges experienced in Rwanjaba Lakeshore Community during the period of low water level in Lake Victoria between 2004 and 2007 and identifies the livelihood coping strategies that were adopted to address them.A total of 55 households were randomly sampled and the data collection methods included household questionnaires and participant *** data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) and the results presented with the help of descriptive *** livelihood challenges experienced during the low lake water level included fish shortage(34.5%),household food scarcity(23.6%),sex for fish(18.2%),family breakdown(12.7%),increased theft(7.2%) and accidents due to the exposed rocks in the lake(3.6%).The livelihood coping strategies adopted to redress the challenges included causal labour(32.7%),maize roasting(23.6%),sand mining(18.2%),selling of snacks(12.7%),selling household property(9.1%) and resorting shop and market credits(3.6%).The paper proposes a number of recommendations for improving the livelihood of the community ranging from policy reforms to the diversification of activities.

关键词： coping strategies Lake Victoria livelihoods waterlevel reduction

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Biological Diversity, Land Degradation and Sustainable Rural livelihoods

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云南植物研究 2000年第S1期22卷 4-17页

作者： Michael STOCKING ( Professor of Natural Resource Development,School of Development Studies,University of East Anglia ,Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom)

The 1998 Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity asked national governments to demonstrate the importance of biological diversity in supporting rural communities. This paper introduces‘agrodiversity’as the primary way in which farmers use biological diversity and, more generally, the natural diversity of the environment for production, including their choice of crops, and management of land, water and biota as a whole. Promoting agrodiversity and understanding how it functions in tropical smallholder farming systems is the best way that importance may be shown. A win-win scenario is presented which links agrodiversity to land degradation control and sustainable rural livelihoods as evidenced by food security. It is argued that policies that encourage biological diversity in areas of land use will not only meet countries’ responsibilities under the Convention but will also address land degradation problems and support to rural livelihoods. The human significance of various types of biological diversity is shown. Sustainable rural livelihoods are presented in the new capital assets framework to demonstrate how rural households may use various components to control land degradation. To enable agrodiversity to be implemented practically, it has been codified into core elements of: biophysical diversity, the diversity of the natural environment that controls the resource base for food production; management diversity that embraces the practices (many of them indigenous) of farmers such as live hedges, soil amendments and ridge tillage techniques; agro-biodiversity which is the diversity of crop, plant and animal combinations; and organisational diversity, the way that farms are owned and operated, and the way that capital assets are allocated. Each element is then systematically related to show how agrodiversity controls land degradation and how it promotes food security. The example of the maize-Mucuna system in South America is cited as an evide

关键词： Biological diversity Agro-biodiversity Agrodiversity Land degradation livelihoods Food security Rural development Sustainability

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Identifying Links between Ecosystem Services and Aboriginal Well-Being and livelihoods in North Australia： Applying the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第7期5卷 931-946页

作者： K.K. Sangha J.R.A. Butler A. Delisle O. Stanley School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook University Townsville 4811 Queensland Australia CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences and Sustainable Agriculture Flagship EcoSciences Precinct Brisbane 4001 QLD Australia School of Business James Cook University Townsville 4811 Queensland Australia

The livelihoods and well-being of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communities in remote and rural northern Australia are dependent upon the ecosystem services provided by tropical ecosystems. The well-being of all Australian citizens is measured by the Australia Bureau of Statistics （ABS） using socio-economic indicators. In this study we investigated the importance of non-market benefits derived from ecosystem services for Aboriginal well-being. Through a case study with the Mullunburra-Yidinji people in the Wet Tropics, Queensland, we applied the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment （MA） framework to identify the links between ecosystem services and the MA＇s six constituents of human well-being. The study demonstrated that cultural and provisioning services were key determinants of community well-being, and these are not currently measured by the ABS. We adapt the MA framework to include the ABS indicators and explore the potential strengths and weaknesses of the approach for measuring the well-being of contemporary remote and rural Aboriginal communities.

关键词： Aboriginal people ecosystem services gender human well-being livelihoods millennium ecosystem assessment.

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Applying Sustainability and Ethics in Forest Management and Community livelihoods: A Case Study from Arabuko Sokoke Forest, Kenya

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Open Journal of Forestry 2018年第4期8卷 532-552页

作者： Musingo T. E. Mbuvi Leila Ndalilo Aden Hussein Kenya Forestry Research Institute Coast Eco Region Research Programme Malindi Kenya Manager Kipepeo Project National Museums of Kenya Gede Kenya

Efforts to manage forests continue to be enhanced equally as emergence of investments in community livelihoods whose benefits are inequitable. Lit-erature review, focus group discussion and key informant interviews showed that Arabuko Sokoke Forest has been managed under different management regimes;stakeholders have increased from singular to multiple with each stakeholder’s interests hinged on different conservation theories and ethical principles, despite that well-meaning facilitation, laws and policies, unsustainable and un-ethical scenarios abound. Extreme scenarios of a poor mother being denied firewood for lighting, warming and cooking food in order to conserve biodiversity. These are both right and wrong, a fluidity requiring situation specific sustainability and ethical justification. A discourse guided by the sustainable development goals provides a mechanism for moderating the diverse interests and helps bring harmony and synergies among all stakeholders for the common good without compromising the ecological functions of the forests thus ensuring sustainability.

关键词： Forest Equitable livelihoods Sustainability and Ethics

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The Pulses of the Mekong River Basin: Rivers and the livelihoods of Farmers and Fishers

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第4期9卷 431-459页

作者： Lois Wright Morton Kenneth R. Olson Department of Sociology College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Iowa State University Ames IA USA Department Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL USA

The transboundary Mekong River is shared by six SE Asia countries (China, Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Vietnam). In this paper the livelihoods of farmers and fishers of Lao PDR, Cambodia and Vietnam are examined to assess impacts of Mekong River development and modernization projects on the rural peoples of the Mekong River and Delta. A high proportion of the 190 million rural people of the Mekong basin are dependent on the diverse and abundant resources of the Mekong River and its tributaries for food security and basic necessities, livelihoods, and cultural identities. Although rice farming and fisheries occupations are primary income sources, many livelihoods involve a diversity of on-farm and off-farm activities. Agricultural specialization and intensification and hydropower dam construction on the Mekong main stem and tributaries are altering traditional rural patterns of household food security, income, and cultural ways of living at an increasingly rapid pace. Rural transformation projects must better assess how these modernization efforts change the ecology of the Mekong River and in turn affect the capacity of rural people to adapt in ways that ensure food security and improve household livelihoods. It will be critical that development efforts recognize, value, and invest in rural people’s roles in producing a stable, affordable food system and managing the integrity of river ecosystems upon which future prosperity depends. Interventions are needed to prevent degradation of the Mekong Basin soil and water resources from large-scale agricultural intensification, water diversion and overbuilding of hydropower dams which are threats to small-scale land holdings and farmers and fishers capacities to provide daily food for their own consumption and to feed SE Asia’s growing urban populations.

关键词： Mekong River Basin Farmers Fishers livelihoods Hydropower Rice Fish Agricultural Intensification

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