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Influence of lithospheric thickness distribution on oil and gas basins,China seas and adjacent areas

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第4期43卷 1-14页

作者： Jing Ma Wanyin Wang Hermann Zeyen Yimi Zhang Zhongsheng Li Tao He Dingding Wang School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics Key Laboratory of Western China’s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of Ministry of EducationChang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China UMR8148 GEOPS CNRS/UniversitéParis-SaclayDépartement des Sciences de la TerreBât.50491405France CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100027China Qingdao Institute of marine geology Qingdao 266071China Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNewfoundland AlB3X5Canada University of Naples Federico II Department of Earth SciencesNaples80138Italy

The distribution of oil and gas resources is intricately connected to the underlying structure of the lithosphere.Therefore,investigating the characteristics of lithospheric thickness and its correlation with oil and gas basins is highly important.This research utilizes recently enhanced geological–geophysical data,including topographic,geoid,rock layer thickness,variable rock layer density,and interface depth data.Employing the principles of lithospheric isostasy and heat conduction,we compute the laterally varying lithospheric thickness in the China seas and adjacent areas.From these results,two pivotal parameters for different types of oil and gas basins were statistically analyzed:the minimum lithospheric thickness and the relative fluctuation in lithospheric thickness.A semiquantitative analysis was used to explore the connection between these parameters and the hydrocarbon abundance within the oil and gas basins.This study unveils distinct variations in lithospheric thickness among basins,with oil and gas rich basins exhibiting a thicker lithosphere in the superimposed basins of central China and a thinner lithosphere in the rift basins of eastern China.Notably,the relative fluctuations in lithospheric thickness in basins demonstrate significant disparities:basins rich in oil and gas often exhibit greater thickness fluctuations.Additionally,in the offshore basins of China,a conspicuous negative linear correlation is observed between the minimum lithospheric thickness and the relative fluctuation in lithospheric thickness.This study posits that deep-seated thermal upwelling results in lithospheric undulations and extensional thinning in oil and gas basins.Concurrently,sustained deep-seated heat influences sedimentary materials in basins,creating favorable conditions for oil and gas generation.The insights derived from this study contribute to a quantitative understanding of the intricate relationships between deep lithospheric structures and oil and gas basins.These findings provide valuable guidance for fut

关键词： China seas and adjacent areas lithospheric thickness oil and gas basins

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A preliminary analysis on lithospheric thickness and crustal ages in central basin of South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1997年第1期16卷 85-107页

作者： Chen Xue and Lin Jinfeng South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

The models about lithospheric thickness and thermal conduction inside the lithosphere and the top layer of the asthenosphere have been proposed in this study for four type regions: the midoceanic ridge, the extinct spreading ridge, the lithospheric fault fissure and the mouth of the extinct submarine volcanoes which are in deep sea bottom. The solutions of the models are found to be the same. The formulas of temperature distribution inside the lithosphere and the top layer of the asthenosphere, the lithospheric thicknesses to the heat flow and the crustal ages to the heat flow are obtained. The crustal ages and the lithospheric thicknesses of the central basin are calculated. And they are used to draw the lithospheric thicknesses and crustal ages maps of the central basin (in this paper both the central basin and the basin are the central basin of the South China Sea). According to their characteristics, the central basin is divided into three regions. The lithospheric thicknesses, crustal ages and heat flow distribution characteristics are discussed respectively. The formation and evolution of the South China Sea are analysed and it is thought that the South China Sea has undergone three episode-seafloor spreadings.

关键词： Thermal conduction equation lithospheric thickness crustal age evolution

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Study on crustal,lithospheric and asthenospheric thickness beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas

Study on crustal,lithospheric and asthenospheric thickness b...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2007学术年会

作者：张雪梅 Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Based on the results of pure dispersions of Rayleigh wave tomography in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas,taking S wave velocities from previous linear inversion as the initial model,using the simulated annealing algorithm,a nonlinear simultaneous inversion has been carried out for S wave velocity and thickness of different layers,including the crust,the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. The results indicate:The crustal thickness shows strong correlation with geology structures sketched by the sutures and major faults.The crust is very thick in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,varying from 60 km to 80 km.The lithospheric thickness in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is thinner(130-160 km) than its adjacent areas.And two blocks can be recognized,divided by an NNE strike boundary running between 90°E-92°E Inside the plateau.Its asthenosphere is relatively thick,varies from 150 km to 230 km,and the thickest area is located in the western Qiangtang.India has a thinner crust(32-38 km),a thicker lithosphere of 190 km and a rather thin asthenosphere of only 60 km.Sichuan and Tarim basins have the crust thickness less than 50 km.Their lithospheres are thicker than the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and their asthenospheres are thinner.A discussion has been made on the character and formation mechanism of the typical crust-mantle transition zone in the western Qiangtang block.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lithospheric thickness asthenospheric thickness nonlinear inversion seismic tomography

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Crust and upper mantle structure of East Asia from ambient noise and earthquake surface wave tomography

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Earthquake Science 2022年第2期35卷 71-92页

作者： Mengkui Li Xiaodong Song Jiangtao Li Xuewei Bao School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China Hebei Hongshan National Observatory on Thick Sediments and Seismic Hazards Beijing 100871China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Earth Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The complex tectonic background of East Asia makes it an ideal region for investigating the evolution of the continental lithosphere,for which high-resolution lithospheric structural models are essential.In this study,we measured Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity dispersion curves at periods of 10-120 s and group velocity dispersion curves at periods of 10-140 s using event records from more than 1,000 seismic stations in and around China.By jointly inverting new and previously published dispersion data from ambient noise and earthquakes,we developed a high-resolution shear-wave velocity model down to a depth of~300 km beneath East Asia.Our model revealed heterogeneous lithospheric structures beneath East Asia,and allowed us to investigate the velocity structure of the entire lithosphere.We also derived crustal and lithospheric thickness models from the three-dimensional(3D)shear-wave model,revealing strong spatial heterogeneity and a general thinning trend of lithospheric thickness from west to east across the study region.Overall,our models reveal important lithospheric features beneath East Asia and provide a valuable baseline dataset for understanding continental-scale dynamics and evolution.

关键词： East Asia Rayleigh wave tomography shear-wave velocity model lithospheric thickness

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A thickness Gauge for the Lithosphere Based on Ce/Yb and Sm/Yb of Mantle–Derived Magmatic Rocks

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2120-2135页

作者： WU Zhenhan Patrick J. BAROSH ZHANG Qichao WU Jiwen YANG Yan Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037China P.J.Barosh and Associates 103 Aaron Ave.BristolRI02809USA Institute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesGuilin 541004China

A new method for determining the partial melting depth of mantle-derived magma and lithospheric thickness in continental regions is derived from REE geochemistry. This effective technique uses variations in the Ce/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios found in mainly volcanic rocks in continental China. The ratios change with the depth of origin consistent with the correlation between lithospheric thickness and the Ce/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios found in oceanic basalt. These ratios increase exponentially with the depth of origin, the lithospheric thickness, of a wide variety of Cenozoic volcanic basalt and Paleozoic kimberlite in the North China Craton, northeastern China continent and vicinity. This functional relationship with depth is shown in a plot of the ratios that forms a concordia curve, which is closely expressed by formulas using 8–degree polynomials. These provide a more accurate gage in measuring the lithospheric thickness than the traditional geophysical methods. When applied to volcanic rock of different ages it also reveals how the thickness has changed over time and thus, greatly aids the understanding of the tectonic history. Relations between the COcontent, mineral reactions and pressure in the upper asthenosphere beneath the base of the lithosphere appears to affect the proportions of REE in partial melts and brings about a close correlation between lithospheric thickness and the Ce/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios in mantle–derived magmatic rock. This thickness gauge, for both continental and oceanic lithosphere, provides a new approach in analyzing the lithospheric thickness in different tectonic settings and geologic times.

关键词： Ce/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios mantle–derived magmatic rock lithospheric thickness correlation analysis North China Craton

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Last deglacial relative sea level variations in Antarctica derived from glacial isostatic adjustment modelling

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第6期4卷 623-632页

作者： Jun’ichi Okuno Hideki Miura National Institute of Polar Research 10-3 Midori-choTachikawaTokyo 190-8518Japan Research Institute for Global Change Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology3173-25 Showa-machiKanazawa-kuYokohama 236-0001Japan

We present relative sea level （RSL） curves in Antarctica derived from glacial isostatic adjustment （GIA）predictions based on the melting scenarios of the Antarctic ice sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）given in previous works.Simultaneously,Holocene-age RSL observations obtained at the raised beaches along the coast of Antarctica are shown to be in agreement with the GIA predictions.The differences from previously published ice-loading models regarding the spatial distribution and total mass change of the melted ice are significant.These models were also derived from GIA modelling; the variations can be attributed to the lack of geological and geographical evidence regarding the history of crustal movement due to ice sheet evolution.Next,we summarise the previously published ice load models and demonstrate the RSL curves based on combinations of different ice and earth models.The RSL curves calculated by GIA models indicate that the model dependence of both the ice and earth models is significantly large at several sites where RSL observations were obtained.In particular,GIA predictions based on the thin lithospheric thickness show the spatial distributions that are dependent on the melted ice thickness at each sites.These characteristics result from the short-wavelength deformation of the Earth.However,our predictions strongly suggest that it is possible to find the average ice model despite the use of the different models of lithospheric thickness.By sea level and crustal movement observations,we can deduce the geometry of the post-LGM ice sheets in detail and remove the GIA contribution from the crustal deformation and gravity change observed by space geodetic techniques,such as GPS and GRACE,for the estimation of the Antarctic ice mass change associated with recent global warming.

关键词： Antarctic ice sheet Relative sea level Glacial isostatic adjustment Melting history lithospheric thickness

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