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Size controllable single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries

National Science Review 2023年第2期10卷 232-241页

作者： Ji-Lei Shi Hang Sheng Xin-Hai Meng Xu-Dong Zhang Dan Lei Xiaorui Sun Hongyi Pan Junyang Wang Xiqian Yu Chunsheng Wang Yangxing Li Yu-Guo Guo CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute of PhysicsCAS Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland Chery New Energy Automobile Co. Ltd

A single-crystalline Ni-rich(SCNR) cathode with a large particle size can achieve higher energy density,and is safer,than polycrystalline counterparts.However,synthesizing large SCNR cathodes(>5 μm)without compromising electrochemical performance is very challenging due to the incompatibility between Ni-rich cathodes and high temperature calcination.Herein,we introduce Vegard’s Slope as a guide for rationally selecting sintering aids,and we successfully synthesize size-controlled SCNR cathodes,the largest of which can be up to 10 μm.Comprehensive theoretical calculation and experimental characterization show that sintering aids continuously migrate to the particle surface,suppress sublattice oxygen release and reduce the surface energy of the typically exposed facets,which promotes grain boundary migration and elevates calcination critical temperature.The dense SCNR cathodes,fabricated by packing of different-sized SCNR cathode particles,achieve a highest electrode press density of 3.9 g cm-3and a highest volumetric energy density of 3000 Wh L-1.The pouch cell demonstrates a high energy density of 303 Wh kg-1,730 Wh L-1and 76% capacity retention after 1200 cycles.SCNR cathodes with an optimized particle size distribution can meet the requirements for both electric vehicles and portable devices.Furthermore,the principle for controlling the growth of SCNR particles can be widely applied when synthesizing other materials for Li-ion,Na-ion and K-ion batteries.

关键词： lithium-ion batheries high energy density Ni-rich cathodes single-crystalline surface energy

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