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Recent Progress in Metallurgical Bonding Mechanisms at the liquid/solid interface of Dissimilar Metals Investigated via in situ X-ray Imaging Technologies

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第2期34卷 145-168页

作者： Zongye Ding Naifang Zhang Liao Yu Wenquan Lu Jianguo Li Qiaodan Hu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The liquid/solid(L/S)interface of dissimilar metals is critical to the microstructure,mechanical strength,and structural integrity of interconnects in many important applications such as electronics,automotive,aeronautics,and astronautics,and therefore has drawn increasing research *** design preferential microstructure and optimize mechanical properties of the interconnects,it is crucial to understand the formation and growth mechanisms of diversified structures at the L/S interface during *** situ synchrotron radiation or tube-generated X-ray radiography and tomography technologies make it possible to observe the evolution of the L/S interface directly and therefore have greatly propelled the research in this ***,we review the recent progress in understanding the L/S interface behaviors using advanced in situ X-ray imaging techniques with a particular focus on the following two issues:(1)interface behaviors in the solder joints for microelectronic packaging including the intermetallic compounds(IMCs)during refl ow,Sn dendrites,and IMCs during solidification and refl ow porosities and(2)growth characteristics and morphological transition of IMCs in the interconnect of dissimilar metals at high ***,the main achievements and future research perspectives in terms of metallurgical bonding mechanisms under complex conditions with improved X-ray sources and detectors are remarked and discussed.

关键词： liquid/solid interface Metallurgical bonding Dissimilar interconnects In situ X-ray imaging solidification Microelectronic packaging

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Atomic-level characterization of liquid/solid interface

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第11期29卷 25-36页

作者： Jiani Hong Ying Jiang International Center for Quantum Materials School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100871China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The detailed understanding of various underlying processes at liquid/solid interfaces requires the development of interface-sensitive and high-resolution experimental techniques with atomic *** this perspective,we review the recent advances in studying the liquid/solid interfaces at atomic level by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope(EC-STM),non-contact atomic force microscopy(NC-AFM),and surface-sensitive vibrational *** from the ultrahigh vacuum and cryogenic experiments,these techniques are all operated in situ under ambient condition,making the measurements close to the native state of the liquid/solid *** the end,we present some perspectives on emerging techniques,which can defeat the limitation of existing imaging and spectroscopic methods in the characterization of liquid/solid interfaces.

关键词： liquid/solid interface atomic scale scanning tunneling microscope(STM) atomic force microscopy(AFM)

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Mineral Surface after Reaction with Aqueous Solution at High Temperatures and Pressures

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第2期74卷 406-411页

作者： ZHANG Xuetong ZHANG Ronghua HU Shumin YU Wenbin Open Research Laboratory of Geochemical Kinetics Chinese Academy of GeologicalSciences26 Baiwanzhuang RoadBeijing 100037

This work presents new experimental results on surface chemistry of reacting minerals and interface kinetics between mineral and aqueous solutions. These experiments were carried out using a flow reactor (packed bed reactor) of an open system as well as a continuous stirred tank reactor, CSTR. The authors measured reaction rates of such minerals as zeolite, albite and carbonate (rhodochrosite, dolomite) in various solutions, and tested corresponding mineral surface by using SEM, XPS, SIMS, etc. This paper mainly presents the experimental results of zeolite dissolution in water and in low pH solutions at room temperature, and dolomite dissolution at elevated temperatures. The results show that the release rates of Si, Al and Na of zeolite are different in most cases. The incongruent dissolution of zeolite is related to surface chemical modifications. The Na, Al and Si release rates for dissolution of albite and zeolite in water and various solutions were measured as a function of temperature, flow velocity, pH and solution composition in the reaction system. In most cases, dissolutions of both albite and zeolite are incongruent. Dissolution of dolomite is also incongruent in most cases and varied with T, pH, and nature of aqueous solutions. For dolomite dissolution, the release rates of Mg are less than those of Ca at high temperatures as T increases from 25 to 300°C. SIMS study indicates that the contents of Al, Na and Si in the leached layer of zeolite or albite surface, change with the distance from the surface, exhibiting a non-linear behaviour within a thickness range of 1000%. The distributions of Ca, Mg, Mn, H and Cl in the leached surface layer of carbonate have a non-linear behaviour too.

关键词： mineral surface kinetics liquid/solid interface reaction

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Role of temperature gradient in liquid/solid phase solution-diffusion bonding

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China Welding 2004年第2期13卷 86-90页

作者：翟秋亚徐锦锋 School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an710048

The liquid-film solution-diffusion bonding of ZCuBe2.5 alloys was conducted using Cu-based alloy powders. The tensile strength of the joint is up to 318 MPa. With the increase of temperature gradient, the bonding time decreases and the interface migration velocity increases remarkably. The appropriate temperature gradient is 5-40 K/cm. Under fixed bonding time, the thickness of diffusion layer increases with the increase of temperature gradient, and this tendency becomes more remarkable with the prolonging of bonding time.

关键词： solution-diffusion welding temperature gradient liquid/solid interface bonding time

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Hybrid molecular nanostructures with donor-acceptor chains

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第1期56卷 124-130页

作者： YANG Liu GUAN CuiZhong YUE Wan WU JingYi YAN HuiJuan ZHANG Xu WANG ZhaoHui ZHAN XiaoWei LI YuLiang WANG Dong WAN LiJun Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Graduate University of CAS

We have fabricated hybrid molecular chain structures formed by electron acceptor compound 1 and electron donor molecules 2 and 3 at the liquid/solid interface of graphite *** structural details of the mono-component and the binary assemblies are revealed by high resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).Compound 1 can form two well-ordered lamellar patterns at different *** the co-adsorption structures,compounds 2 and 3 can insert into the space between molecular chains of compound 1 and form large area well-ordered nanoscale phase separated lamellar *** unit cell parameters for the coassemblies can be "flexibly" adjusted to make the electron donors and acceptors perfectly match along the molecular *** tunneling spectroscopy (STS) results indicate that the electronic properties of individual molecular donors and acceptors are preserved in the binary *** results provide molecular insight into the nanoscale phase separation of organic electron acceptors and donors on surfaces and are helpful for the fabrication of surface supramolecular structures and molecular devices.

关键词： phase separation donor and acceptor self-assembly hybrid molecular nanostructure liquid/solid interface

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Understanding fundamentals of electrochemical reactions with tender X-rays:A new lab-based operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method for probing liquid/solid and gas/solid interfaces across a variety of electrochemical systems

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第11期43卷 2858-2870页

作者： Chiyan Liu Qiao Dong Yong Han Yijing Zang Hui Zhang Xiaoming Xie Yi Yu Zhi Liu State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Center for Transformative Science ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Electrocatalysis is key to improving energy efficiency,reducing carbon emissions,and providing a sustainable way of meeting global energy ***,elucidating electrochemical reaction mechanisms at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces is essential for developing advanced renewable energy ***,the direct probing of real-time interfacial changes,i.e.,the surface intermediates,chemical environment,and electronic structure,under operating conditions is challenging and necessitates the use of in situ ***,we present a new lab-based instrument commissioned to perform in situ chemical analysis at liquid/solid interfaces using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(APXPS).This setup takes advantage of a chromium source of tender X-rays and is designed to study liquid/solid interfaces by the“dip and pull”*** of the main components was carefully described,and the results of performance tests are *** a three-electrode setup,the system can probe the intermediate species and potential shifts across the liquid electrolyte/solid electrode *** addition,we demonstrate how this system allows the study of interfacial changes at gas/solid interfaces using a case study:a sodium–oxygen model ***,the use of APXPS in electrochemical studies is still in the early stages,so we summarize the current challenges and some developmental *** the challenges,we expect that joint efforts to improve instruments and the electrochemical setup will enable us to obtain a better understanding of the composition–reactivity relationship at electrochemical interfaces under realistic reaction conditions.

关键词： Tender X-rays Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Electrocatalysis liquid/solid interface Gas/solid interface

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