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Global gaps in age data based on skeletochronology for amphibians

Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 752-763页

作者： Zhiwei PENG Lixia ZHANG Xin LU Department of Ecology College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina Department of Ecology College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina

Individual age and population age composition are the major concerns of ecologists,evolutionary biologists and conservation biologists.In amphibians,skeletochronology-counting the number of lines of arrested growth deposited in the bone tissue,is the dominant method to determine actual age of an individual.Since 1970s,age data of the ectothermic taxa have been accumulated and increasingly used in comparative studies.Here we make a global assessment for the availability of the data,based on a collection of 369 published papers.For a specific species,more males than females were sampled.Among the extant 8146 amphibian species,only 266(3.3%)have been skeletochronologically investigated.Of these studied species,2(0.9%of 214)belong to caecilians,56(7.6%of 740)salamanders and 208(2.9%of 7192)anurans.A complete paucity of data was seen in 80%,50%,and 54%of families in the corresponding orders.More temperate species than tropical species were sampled,while the proportion of Palearctic species studied was higher than that in the other 5 biogeographical realms.Species inhabiting semi-aquatic niche were more likely to be studied than fossorial or plant dwellers.Age information of multiple populations(2-48)was available for species with a broad distribution,accounts for 61%of salamander and 43%of anuran species studied.Because these gaps in demographic knowledge can limit our understanding of questions ranging from life history evolution,population dynamics to conservation,we encourage herpetologists to pay more efforts on filling them.

关键词： amphibia demography life-history trait review

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Variation in reproductive life-history traits of Chinese Bulbuls(Pycnonotus sinensis)along the urbanization gradient in Hangzhou,China

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 174-181页

作者： Xingmin Chen Qin Zhang Sisi Lan Qin Huang Shuihua Chen Yanping Wang Laboratory of Island Biogeography and Conservation Biology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China College of Chemistry and life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China Zhejiang Museum of Natural history Hangzhou310012China Zhejiang Provincial Museum Hangzhou310007China

Urbanization brings new selection pressures to wildlife living in cities,and changes in the life-history traits of urban species can reflect their responses to such pressures.To date,most of the studies investigating the impacts of urbanization on avian life-history traits are conducted in Europe and North America,while such studies are often lacking in quickly developing countries in Asia(e.g.,China).In this study,we examined the variations in reproductive life-history traits of Chinese Bulbuls(Pycnonotus sinensis)along the urbanization gradient in Hangzhou,China.We detected 234 natural nests of Chinese Bulbuls and continuously monitored them in two continuous breeding seasons from 2012 to 2013.We collected data on seven life-history traits(laying date,incubation period,nestling period,clutch size,egg volume,hatching success rate,and fledging success rate).We used infrared cameras to record the number of feedings per hour as the measure of food resources for the nestlings.We measured nest predation pressure by monitoring 148 natural breeding nests during breeding seasons and 54 artificial nests immediately after breeding seasons.We then calculated the urbanization synthetic index(USI)as a measure of the level of urbanization and examined its relationship with the seven life-history traits.We found that Chinese Bulbuls laid eggs significantly earlier with increasing USI.However,the other six life-history traits did not vary significantly with the USI.Moreover,the feeding frequency of chicks increased significantly with the USI,but the nest predation pressure of Chinese Bulbuls decreased significantly with the USI.Increased food resources and reduced nest predation pressure in cities may lead to earlier laying date of Chinese Bulbuls.Further study should test whether the earlier laying date of Chinese Bulbuls is the result of phenotypic plasticity or genetic change.

关键词： Feeding frequency Laying date life-history trait Nest predation Urbanization Urbanization synthetic index(USI)

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