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Study on metal recovery process and kinetics of oxidative leaching from spent lifePO_(4)Li-batteries

Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 94-102页

作者： Xiaoming Zhang Wen Xie Xiaolei Zhou Wenjie Zhang Jiawei Wen Xin Wang Guoyong Huang Shengming Xu College of New Energy and Materials China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Chemical EngineeringChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Beijing Spacecrafts Beijing 100094China Ganfeng Lithium Group Co. Ltd.Xinyu 338000China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

A green environmental protection and enhanced leaching process was proposed to recover all elements from spent lithium iron phosphate(lifePO_(4)) lithium *** order to reduce the influence of Al impurity in the recovery process,NaOH was used to remove *** impurity removal,the spent lifePO_(4) cathode material was used as raw material under the H_(2)SO_(4) system,and the pressure oxidation leaching process was adopted to achieve the preferential leaching of *** E-pH diagram of the Fe-P-Al-H_(2)O system can determine the stable region of each element in the recovery process of spent lifePO_(4)*** the optimal conditions(500 r·min^(-1),15 h,363.15 K,0.4 MPa,the liquid-solid ratio was 4:1 ml·g^(-1)and the acid-material ratio was 0.29),the leaching rate of Li was 99.24%,Fe,Al,and Ti were 0.10%,2.07%,and 0.03%,*** Fe and P were precipitated and recovered as FePO_(4)·2H_(2)*** kinetic analysis shows that the process of high-pressure acid leaching of spent lifePO_(4) materials depends on the surface chemical *** the life cycle assessment(LCA)of the spent lifePO_(4) whole recovery process,eight midpoint impact categories were selected to assess the impact of recovery *** results can provide basic environmental information on production process for recycling industry.

关键词： Spent lifePO_(4)Li-batteries Oxidative leaching Kinetic study life cycle assessment

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Comparative lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and their reduction potential for typical petrochemical enterprises in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第6期34卷 125-138页

作者： Shujie Zhao Dongfeng Zhao Qingbin Song College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Macao Environmental Research Institute Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

Petrochemical enterprises have become a major source of global greenhouse gas(GHG)***,due to the unavailability of basic data,there is still a lack of case studies to quantify GHG emissions and provide petrochemical enterprises with guidelines for implementing energy conservation and emission reduction ***,this study conducted a life cycle assessment(LCA)analysis to estimate the GHG emissions of four typical petrochemical enterprises in China,using first-hand data,to determine possible emission reduction *** analytical data revealed that Dushanzi Petrochemical(DSP)has the highest GHG emission intensity(1.17 tons CO_(2)e/ton),followed by Urumqi Petrochemical(UP)(1.08 tons CO_(2)e/ton),Dalian Petrochemical(DLP)(average 0.58 tons CO_(2)e/ton)and Karamay Petrochemical(KP)(average 0.50 tons CO_(2)e/ton)over the whole life *** the same time,GHG emissions during fossil fuel combustion were the largest contributor to the whole life cycle,accounting for about 77.31%–94.27% of the total *** the fossil-fuel combustion phase,DSP had the highest unit GHG emissions(1.20 tons CO_(2)e),followed by UP(0.89 tons CO_(2)e).In the industrial production phase,DLP had the highest unit GHG emissions(average 0.13 tons CO_(2)e/ton),followed by UP(0.10 tons CO_(2)e/ton).During the torch burning phase,torch burning under accident conditions was the main source of GHG *** is worth noting that the CO_(2) recovery stage has"negative value,"indicating that it will bring some environmental *** scenario analysis shows that effective policies and advanced technologies can further reduce GHG emissions.

关键词： Greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions Petrochemical enterprises life cycle assessment Scenario analysis Reduction opportunities

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Framework on low-carbon retrofit of rural residential buildings in arid areas of northwest China:A case study of Turpan residential buildings

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Building Simulation 2023年第2期16卷 279-297页

作者： Junkang Song Wanjiang Wang Pingan Ni Hanjie Zheng Zihan Zhang Yihuan Zhou College of Architectural and Civil Engineering Xinjiang University830017China College of Architecture Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology710000China College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University610065China

At present,buildings in arid and hot regions are facing severe challenges of indoor comfort improvement and carbon emission reduction,especially in rural ***-objective optimization could be an effective tool for tackling the aforementioned ***,this paper proposes a life-cycle optimization framework considering thermal comfort,which is beneficial to promoting residents’motivation for low-carbon retrofit in arid climate ***,in response to the above problems,three objective functions are specified in the framework,which are global warming potential(GWP),life cycle cost(LCC),and thermal discomfort hours(TDH).To improve the optimization efficiency,this research uses Deep Neural Networks(DNN)combined with NSGA-II to construct a high-precision prediction model(meta-model for optimization)based on the energy consumption simulation database formed by the orthogonal multi-dimensional design *** accuracy index of the modified model is R2>0.99,cv(RMSE)≤1%,and NMBE≤0.2%,which gets rid of the dilemma of low prediction accuracy of traditional machine learning *** the scheme comparison and selection stage,the TOPSIS based on two empowerment methods is applied to meet different design tendencies,where the entropy-based method can avoid the interference of subjective preference and significantly improve the objectivity and scientific nature of decision ***,sensitivity analysis is conducted on the variables,which supports guidance for practitioners to carry out the low-carbon ***,the multi-objective optimization analysis for a farmhouse in Turpan is taken as a case study to evaluate the performance of the *** results show that the framework could significantly improve the building performance,with 60.8%,52.5%,and 14.2%reduction in GWP,LCC,and TDH,respectively.

关键词： life cycle assessment arid regions deep neural networks entropy-based TOPSIS method multi-criteria optimization

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Infuence of elemental composition in environmental impacts of steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2020年第5期27卷 598-607页

作者： E.Batuecas C.Mayo R.Diaz F.J.Perez Thermal and Fluid Engineering Department Carlos III University of Madrid28911 LeganesMadridSpain Chemical and Materials Engineering Department Complutense University of Madrid28040 MadridSpain Technical Sciences and Engineering UDIMA University28400 Collado VillalbaMadridSpain。

The environmental behavior of four steels was *** the operation phase of concentrating solar power plants,steels withstand high temperature because of its contact with molten ***,choosing the steel type for the molten salt tanks remains a great *** the cold tank,carbon steel is usually used although an approach with low chromium content steel is being studied for these ***,in high temperature applications,such as hot store tank,austenitic stainless steel is the most frequent ***,ferritic steel is being considered as a promising material in these *** many researchers studied the steel technical properties without considering their environmental damages,this work aimed to introduce the environmental aspects into the material choice by using the life cycle assessment *** one hand,the results showed the environmental adequacy of carbon steel against low chromium content *** the other hand,the results obtained in those steels suitable in high temperature application revealed signifcant environmental benefts from the ferritic steel instead of the austenitic steel.

关键词： Renewable energy Concentrating solar power life cycle assessment Molten salt Ferritic steel Austenitic steel

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Carbon uptake by cement in China:Estimation and contribution to carbon neutrality goals

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 2056-2067页

作者： Mingjing MA Zi HUANG Jiaoyue WANG Le NIU Wenfeng ZHANG Xiaowei XU Fengming XI Zhu LIU Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxfordOX13UK

Cement is a widely used construction material *** manufacturing contributes to anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions ***,its alkaline compounds can absorb CO_(2)from the surrounding environment and engage in a carbonation reaction,thereby functioning as a carbon *** a major cement producer and consumer,China has an important responsibility to rigorously investigate and accurately account for cement carbon *** study presents a comprehensive analytical model of cement carbon uptake from China,revealing a substantial increase in carbon uptake from 1930 to 2021,peaking at 426.77 Mt CO_(2)(95% Confidence Interval:317.67-874.33 Mt CO_(2))in *** uptake accounts for 8.10% to 45.40% of China’s annual land sink and 2.51% to 4.54% of the global land *** cumulative carbon uptake by cement is approximately 7.06 Gt CO_(2)(95%CI:5.22–9.44 Gt CO_(2))during this period,offsetting 50.7% of the total emissions(13.91 Gt CO_(2),95%CI:12.44–17.00 Gt CO_(2))from the cement ***,cement mortar contributed to most absorption(65.64%).From a life cycle perspective,the service stage of cement materials is the period where the largest CO_(2)sink is formed,accounting for 90.03% of the ***,the potential for carbon sequestration in cement materials and their waste is ***,the model improves the accuracy of cement carbon accounting,supporting both China and global carbon neutrality ***,it is crucial for China to achieve its carbon neutrality goals sooner by prioritizing the environmental benefits of cement materials and wastes,and accelerating the development and commercialization of CO_(2)sequestration technologies for cement and its by-products.

关键词： Cement Carbon uptake life cycle assessment Carbon emission reduction Carbon neutrality

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Systematical analysis of sludge treatment and disposal technologies for carbon footprint reduction

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第6期128卷 224-249页

作者： Yingxin Zhao Zhifan Yang Jiaojiao Niu Zihan Du Conti Federica Zhe Zhu Kaichao Yang Yan Li Baofeng Zhao Thomas Helmer Pedersen Chunguang Liu Mutabazi Emmanuel School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Tianjin Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co. Ltd.Tianjin 300380China Tianjin International Engineering Institute Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Energy Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering Tianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China Energy Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan 250014China Shandong Kailin environmental protection equipment Co. Ltd.Heze 274000China

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the Greenhouse Gases(GHGs)emissions from current sewage sludge treatment and disposal technologies(buildingmaterial,landfill,land spreading,anaerobic digestion,and thermochemical processes)based on the database of Science Citation Index(SCI)and Social Science Citation Index(SSCI)from 1998 to *** general patterns,spatial distribution,and hotspotswere provided by bibliometric analysis.A comparative quantitative analysis based on life cycle assessment(LCA)put forward the current emission situation and the key influencing factors of different *** effective GHG emissions reduction methods were proposed to mitigate climate *** showed that incineration or building materials manufacturing of highly dewatered sludge,and land spreading after anaerobic digestion have the best GHG emissions reduction *** treatment technologies and thermochemical processes have great potential for reducing *** of pretreatment effect,co-digestion,and newtechnologies(e.g.,injection of carbon dioxide,directional acidification)are major approaches to facilitate substitution emissions in sludge anaerobic *** relationship between the quality and efficiency of secondary energy in thermochemical process and GHGs emission still needs further *** sludge products generated by bio-stabilization or thermochemical processes are considered to have a certain carbon sequestration value and can improve the soil environment to control GHG *** findings are useful for future development and processes selection of sludge treatment and disposal facing carbon footprint reduction.

关键词： Bibliometrics Sewage sludge Greenhouse gas life cycle assessment Sludge management

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Mechanical Characterisation of Densified Hardwood with Regard to Structural Applications

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第9期8卷 1091-1109页

作者： Katharina Müller Walter Sonderegger Oliver Kläusler Michael Klippel Edwin Zea Escamilla Institute of Structural Engineering(IBK) Chair of Structural Engineering–Timber StructuresSwiss Federal Institute of Technology ZurichZurich8093Switzerland Swiss Wood Solutions AG 8600 DübendorfSwitzerlandPreviously at Institute for Building Materials(IfB)Chair of Wood Materials ScienceSwiss Federal Institute of Technology ZurichZurich8093Switzerland College of Civil Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Sustainable Building Center for Corporate Responsibility and SustainabilityUniversity of ZurichZurich8001Switzerland

The demand for high-performance,yet eco-friendly materials is increasing on all scales from small applications in the car industry,instrument or furniture manufacturing to greater dimensions like floorings,balcony furnishings and even *** offers a good choice on all of these scales and can be modified and improved in many different *** this study,two common European hardwood species,Beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)and Ash(Fraxinus excelsior L.)were densified in radial direction by thermo-mechanical treatment and the densified product was investigated in an extensive characterisation series to determine all relevant mechanical *** in the three main directions(longitudinal,tangential,radial)and tension perpendicular to the grain(tangential,radial)were tested and compared to reference specimens with native *** and modulus of elasticity were determined in all *** addition,a life cycle assessment was carried out to evaluate the environmental impact associated to the densification *** experimental investigations showed that strength and stiffness of hardwood in the longitudinal and tangential directions improve significantly by radial densification,whereas some properties in the radial direction *** life cycle assessment showed that artificial wood drying has higher impact than wood ***,the transport distance of the raw material highly influences the environmental impact of the final densified *** paper then also offers an overview of possible applications in structural timber *** hardwood is a viable option as local reinforcement,where high compressive or tensile strength is *** wood densification process offers an alternative to the use of carbon-intense steel components or hardwoods from tropical forests.

关键词： Hardwood densification high-performance construction materials thermo-mechanical treatment mechanical characterisation life cycle assessment timber structures

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Towards net zero carbon buildings:Accounting the building embodied carbon and life cycle-based policy design for Greater Bay Area,China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 284-297页

作者： Hanwei Liang Xin Bian Liang Dong Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Research Center of Urban Sustainable Development/School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Shenzhen Research Institute(SRI) City University of Hong KongShenzhenChina Department of Public and International Affairs(PIA) City University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong Special Administrative Region School of Energy and Environment(SEE) City University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Centre for Public Affairs and Law City University of Hong Kong999077Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Carbon mitigation of buildings is critical to promote a net-zero *** international society has vigorously promoted“Net Zero Carbon Buildings”across the globe,and accounting for building carbon emissions is critical to support this *** carbon,which represents carbon emissions from the entire lifecycle of the buildings,is fundamental for realizing the idea of zero ***,only limited studies have been conducted so far that take into account the city *** paper aimed to act as a first try to account for the embodied carbon emissions in buildings in 2020 for the Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area in China(GBA).We integrated remote sensing techniques such as night-time light data(NLT)and building material flows analysis to calculate and spatialize the newly generated building material stocks(MS).Based on the MS data,we further applied life cycle assessment(LCA)to assess the embodied carbon in the *** results highlighted that over 163 million tons of embodied carbon in buildings of GBA are expected to be generated,from 497 million tons of newly generated building MS in *** embodied carbon in each life cycle stage is valuable for further lifecyclebased policy designs for:(i)supporting the updating of the green building certification system with consideration of the embodied carbon;(ii)promoting the green building material application and certification;and(iii)reducing the embodied carbon intensity from compact urban planning policy,such as the urban agglomeration policies in *** goal of this paper was to shed a light on reducing carbon emissions from the perspective of the entire lifecycle and promote the development of net zero carbon buildings in China and Asia-Pacific.

关键词： Net zero carbon building Embodied carbon life cycle assessment life cycle-based policies Greater Bay area

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Melt Extrusion of Environmentally Friendly Poly(L-lactic acid)/Sodium Metabisulfite Films for Antimicrobial Packaging Applications

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第2期9卷 337-349页

作者： Norma M.P.Machado Gustavo C.Melo Matheus F.Camargo Giulianna G.Feijó Bruna M.S.Putton Clarice Steffens Rogerio L.Cansian Luiz A.Pessan Francys K.V.Moreira Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosBrazil Department of Food Engineering Regional Integrated University of High Uruguay and Missions(URI)ErechimBrazil

Food packaging materials compounded with antimicrobial additives can substantially diminish the incidence of foodborne ***,poly(L-lactic acid)(PLA)films containing sodium metabisulfite(NaM)were produced by melt extrusion as an attempt to develop a new biodegradable material with antimicrobial properties for *** cycle assessment(LCA)simulations revealed that the environmental footprints of the PLA film did not change upon NaM addition,and that NaM is more eco-friendly than silver *** PLA/NaM films with NaM content varying from 0.5 to 5.0 wt.%were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and optical and mechanical properties *** optical properties were sustained after the addition of NaM,but high NaM contents degraded the light transparence of the PLA matrix at some *** thermal stability and tensile properties of the PLA film decreased proportionally to the NaM content,while no changes were observed on Tg,Tm and Xc,as determined by *** diffusion tests revealed that the PLA/NaM films had no antimicrobial activity on Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 35°C,which was related to the limited migration of NaM from the glassy PLA *** biodegradable PLA films compounded with NaM through melt extrusion display adequate optical,thermal,and mechanical properties to cover most food packaging applications,representing an essential step toward the development of eco-friendly packaging materials that can potentially exhibit an antimicrobially active surface.

关键词： Biobased packaging antimicrobial activity life cycle assessment

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Carbon footprint and carbon neutrality pathway of green tea in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2022年第3期13卷 443-453页

作者： Ming-Bao HE Shi-Xiang ZONG Ying-Chun LI Ming-Ming MA Xin MA Kuo LI Xue HAN Ming-Yue ZHAO Li-Ping GUO Yin-Long XU Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

With the rising popularity of the concept of“carbon neutralization”,low-carbon products are likely to gain more *** to this,green tea-an important beverage that is widely consumed in China-along with emissions from planting,processing,and use phase should be given ***,quantifying the carbon footprint(CF)of green tea is an essential task in developing the pathway to carbon *** this study,we quantified the CF and mitigation potential of green tea through life cycle assessment,after which we investigated the pathway toward carbon neutrality in 16 major tea-producing regions(except Hainan and Taiwan)in *** system boundary was divided into six subsystems from cradle to grave:cultivation,processing,transport,packaging,consumption,and *** results showed that the total carbon emissions of green tea reached 44.13 Mt CO_(2)eq in 2019,of which 43%came from consumption and 28%from *** were 18.78 Mt CO_(2)eq emissions from fertilizer production and application,while there was a 7.71 Mt CO_(2)eq carbon sink of tea *** average carbon intensity was 24.30 kg CO_(2)eq kg−1 tea,while Shandong and Guizhou ranked as the top two ***,Hubei,and Yunnan Provinces had the largest amounts of carbon emissions at 6.79,6.14,and 5.96 Mt CO_(2)eq,*** 2030,2050 and 2060,total carbon emissions would be reduced by 46%,63%,and 86%,respectively,under carbon neutrality assumption.A small amount of 6.14 Mt CO_(2)eq carbon emissions was retained to be offset by carbon trading or zero-carbon ***,the results indicate that adopting low-carbon fertilizers and clean energies will be a key entry point for carbon-neutral green tea.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Pathway life cycle assessment Carbon footprint Green tea China

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