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level of education and mortality after radical prostatectomy

Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 173-177页

作者： Michael Froehner Rainer Koch Stefan Propping Dorothea Liebeheim Matthias Hfibler Gustavo B Baretton Oliver W Hakenberg Manfred P Wirth Department of Urology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universit~t Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Medical Statistics and Biometry University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Anesthesiology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Pathology University Hospital 'Carl Gustav Carus' Technische Universitat Dresden Fetscherstrasse 74 D-01307 Dresden Germany Department of Urology University of Rostock Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6 D-18055 Rostock Germany

Estimating the risk of competing mortality is of importance in men with early prostate cancer to choose the most appropriate way of management and to avoid over- or under-treatment. In this study, we investigated the impact of the level of education in this context. The study sample consisted of 2630 patients with complete data on level of education （college, university degree, master craftsmen, comparable profession, or others）, histopathological tumor stage （organ confined or extracapsular）, lymph node status （negative or positive）, and prostatectomy specimen Gleason score （〈7, 7, or 8-10） who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1992 and 2007. Overall, prostate cancer-specific, competing, and second cancer-related mortalities were study endpoints. Cox proportional hazard models for competing risks were used to study combined effects of the variables on these endpoints. A higher level of education was independently associated with decreased overall mortality after radical prostatectomy （hazard ratio [HR]： 0.75, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]： 0.62-0.91, P = 0.0037）. The mortality difference was attributable to decreased second cancer mortality （HR： 0.59, 95% Ch 0.40-0.85, P = 0.0052） and noncancer mortality （HR： 0.73, 95% Ch 0.55-0.98, P = 0.0345） but not to differences in prostate cancer-specific mortality （HR： 1.16, 95% Ch 0.79-1.69, P = 0.4536 in the full model）. In conclusion, the level of education might serve as an independent prognostic parameter supplementary to age, comorbidity, and smoking status to estimate the risk of competing mortality and to choose optimal treatment for men with early prostate cancer who are candidates for radical prostatectomy.

关键词： comorbidity competing risk analysis level of education life expectancy mortality proportional hazards model prostate cancer radical prostatectomy smoking socioeconomic status

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STATUS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE OF BANGLADESH: HEALTH PERSPECTIVE

STATUS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE OF BANGLADESH: HEALTH PERSPECTIVE

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The 3rd Session of 2010 Workshop of Pakistan Academy of Sciences

作者： M.Taj Uddin M.A.I.Chowdhury M.Nazrul Islam G.Uddin Baher Department of Statistics Department of StatisticsShahjalalShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh Department of Statistics Department of StatisticsShahjalal Shahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh

The study is an attempt to assess the health profiles of the elderly people in Bangladesh based on primary data purposively collected from three greater districts of the country. Simple statistical tools were used to analyze the data. The sample profile showed that most of the elderly（55.7 percent） were average state of health and only 20.3 percent were not in good health. The analysis also showed that respondents’ present state of health is significantly allied with their age, level of education, monthly income, proper sanitation facilities and number of son or daughter, dwelling place and type of the family. So, this piece of work may be helpful for the policymakers to deal with the health problems of the elderly.

关键词： state of health age level of education monthly income sanitation place and type of family

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