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learned helplessness——A Devil that Prevents Us from Learning Well

校园英语 2019年第27期 251-254页

作者：王佳音福建师范大学外国语学院

Nowadays, many students in this fiercely competitive society feel stressed in their academic process. A portion of them suffer from a negative psychological symptom called learned helplessness, thus they are impeded by their attitude and mind state. This article aims to learn more about learned helplessness, and illustrate its impacts on the learning process. At the last part of this article, it will discuss the ways to prevent learned helplessness in academic process.

关键词： learned helplessness academic performance attribution negative emotion

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Neural Plasticity Associated with Hippocampal PKA-CREB and NMDA Signaling Is Involved in the Antidepressant Effect of Repeated Conventional Dose of Yueju Pill on Chronic Mouse Model of learned helplessness

Neural Plasticity Associated with Hippocampal PKA-CREB and N...

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Zhilu Zou Yin Chen Qinqin Shen Xiaoyan Guo Yuxuan Zhang Gang Chen Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience and Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine

Objective Effective treatment of mood disorders such as major depressive disorder remains unmet medical needs. Emerging evidence indicates neural plasticity including PKA-CREB and NMDA signaling is important pathological and therapeutic mechanism for depression. learned helplessness（LH） is a model of depression in which exposure to an inescapable aversive stimulus diminishes cope when the stimulus is avoidable. Here, we used a chronic LH paradigm to test the therapeutic effect of Yueju pill, a nonprescription drug of traditional Chinese medicine formulated to treat syndromes associated with mood disorders, and underlying mechanism. Methods We used behavirol tests to determine the antidepressant effect of Yueju.Western blot was used to detect the expression of BDNF, PKA-creb, NR1, NR2 A and NR2 B in hippocampus of mice. Mice received intracerebroventricular injection of NMDA to observe the changes of the behavior of mice after giving Yueju.Results A regular consecutive LH training protocol followed by intermittent training resulted in a long-term depressive-like response.A single administration of Yuejue corresponding to routine dose in human demonstrated antidepressant effects in tests of tail suspension, forced swim, and novelty suppressedfeeding. Repeated administration of Yueju following chronic learned helpless procedure alleviated depressive-like symptoms, whereas conventional antidepressant fluoxetine only showed a minor improvement. Yueju, but not fluoxetine, rescued the deficits in the hippocampus in CREB signaling. Yueju and fluoxetine both normalized BDNF(and PKA level, as well as reduced the up-regulation of NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2 A, and NR2 B in the learned helpless mice. Furthermore, intracerebraventricular administration of NMDA blunted the antidepressant effect of Yueju. Conclusion These finding demonstrated the antidepressant efficacy of repeated conventional dosage of Yueju on a long-term depression model, and suggests the critical role of neural plasticity associated with CREB and NMDA

关键词： Yueju antidepressant effect NMDA learned helplessness

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A model of depression in tree shrews:learned helplessness

A model of depression in tree shrews:learned helplessness

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中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： Xiao-Lu MENG Ning ZHU Chun-Lu LI Nan SUI Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Objective We are developing a model of depression in tree shrews,a newly recognized nonhuman primate,using learned helplessness paradigm.learned helplessness（LH） is widely used for screening new treat targets and the pathophysiological mechanism as an animal model of depression.The present study was to test the face and predict validity of this model.Method Male tree shrews were subjected to 40 footshocks for 7 days,uncontrollable and inescapable（UI） or controllable and escapable（CE）.Then fluoxetine（15 mg/kg） was orally administrated for 2 weeks.On the day after stress and the day after drug treatment,depression-like behaviors were determined,including escape latency,escape failure and the breakpoint for 5%sucrose under a progressive-ratio（PR） schedule.Results One third of tree shrews subjected to UI footshocks showed increase number of escape failure,prolonged escape latency and reduced breakpoint for 5%sucrose.Fluoxetine treatment reduced the number of escape failure and shortened the escape latency,but didn’t affect the breakpoint for sucrose.Conclusion The learned helplessness in tree shrews shows some depression-like behaviors with individual difference,some of which reversed by a typical antidepressant.Although it requires further validation,the learned helplessness model in tree shrews is a promising primate model for research on the etiology and pathophysiology of depression.

关键词： tree shrews learned helplessness face validity predictive validity

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Identification of synapse function related lncRNAs regulated by exposure to inescapable stress and/or learned helplessness

Identification of synapse function related lncRNAs regulated...

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Cui Chen Chaoqun Li Feifei Cao Wei Li Nashat Abumaria Institutes of Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science School of Medicine Fudan University Department of Laboratory Animal Science School of Medicine Fudan University

Objective Depression is a very complex and common mental disease. The exact neuropathological changes underlying depression disorders remain unknown. Long noncoding RNAs（lnc RNAs） are highly expressed in brain, could affect neural stem cell maintenance, neurogenesis, synaptic functions, stress responses and neural plasticity. The present study is the first attempt to explore the possibility that lncRNAs might be involved in depression like pathologies. Methods We used learned helplessness paradigm as a model of depression like symptoms in mice. The pattern of mRNA/lncRNAs expression in hippocampus was determined using RNA sequencing. We applied complex bioinfomatics analysis to do lnc RNAs functional analysis. Results（1） We found that 2163 or 1396 mRNA are different expressed in LH compared with Control or NLH group, 199 or 142 lnc RNAs are different expressed in LH compared with Control or NLH group.（2） We found that the identified lnc RNAs are mediating several cellular functions such as: protein transport, ion transport, mRNA processing, positive regulation of dendritic spine development, negative regulation of neuron projection development and regulation of GTPase activity. Interestingly, there was strong regulation of lnc RNAs related to synapse functions. Conclusion Data show that lnc RNAs could be involved depression like pathologies. Importantly, our results suggest for the first time that the learned helplessness induced reduction in synapse functions might be mediated by lnc RNA dependent mechanisms.

关键词： lncRNAs mice learned helplessness synapse functions

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Infraorbital nerve constriction induced depressive-like behavior in neuropathic pain model of rat

Infraorbital nerve constriction induced depressive-like beha...

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中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： Qinghuan GUO Zhiqi ZHAO Yuqiu ZHANG Institute of Neurobiology Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyFudan University

Chronic neuropathic pain often induces mood disorders such as anxiety/depressive disorders.So far,there are many studies show that chronic pain have explicit relationship with the rate of depression.Depression is a devastating disease with a course that is chronic or recurrent and affects millions of people.In recent years,more and more people suffered from depression,so it is very important and imminently to search an effective therapeutic for depression.Infraorbital nerve constriction（CION） in rat can trigger prolonged neuropathic pain.Prolonged neuropathic pain induces mood disorder,and then increases the rate of depression.Many studies show that after CION,the expression of microglia and immunocyte obviously increased.The development and maintenance of neuropathic pain associated with microglia and immunocyte expression.learned helplessness（LH） lead to depression-like behavior in rat,studies have clarified LH increase the probability of depression-like behavior in rat with neuropathic pain.Also LH can boost mechanical allodynia in rat with neuropathic pain.It is very distinctly P2X7 receptor participates in the nociceptive transmission.We want to know whether the P2X7 receptor plays an important role in the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression? In our study,we focused on the relationship between depression and microglial activation.In the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain,a great quantity of microglia be activated and release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,these cytokines can regulate gene expression.If microglia and immunocyte expression related to depression,we will investigate that if P2X7R-mediated microglial activation is involved in the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression.

关键词： infraorbital nerve neuropathic pain depression learned helplessness P2X7R

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