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leak Detection in Offshore Pipelines of Conveying Fluid

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海洋工程：英文版 2004年第2期18卷 327-333页

作者：李俊花崔莉 School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering

leakage from pipelines has caused serious environmental pollution and economic losses. Usually, leak detection can reduce the damage. The paper mainly discusses a hydraulic gradient-based leak detection method. The basic idea is outlined first, followed by a description of a laboratory experiment in a water pipeline. Several pressure curves are established based on different leak locations under the condition of a constant total flow rate. It is demonstrated that the leak of a large leak quantity can be detected reliably by the hydraulic gradient method.

关键词： pipe leak detection

leak Detection in Water Distribution Systems Using Bayesian Theory and Fisher’s Law

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2011年第3期17卷 181-186页

作者：张宏伟王丽娟 School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tianjin University School of Civil Engineering Hebei University of Technology

A leak detection method based on Bayesian theory and Fisher’s law was developed for water distribution systems. A hydraulic model was associated with the parameters of leaks (location, extent). The randomness of parameter values was quantified by probability density function and updated by Bayesian theory. Values of the parameters were estimated based on Fisher’s law. The amount of leaks was estimated by back propagation neural network. Based on flow characteristics in water distribution systems, the location of leaks can be estimated. The effectiveness of the proposed method was illustrated by simulated leak data of node pressure head and flow rate of pipelines in a test pipe network, and the leaks were spotted accurately and renovated on time.

关键词： water distribution systems leak detection EPANET Fisher's law Bayesian theory back propagationneural network

Air leak syndrome after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography:A rare and fatal complication

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第15期21卷 4770-4772页

作者： Bulent Yilmaz Emir Charles Roach Seyfettin Koklu Onur Aydin Ozan Unlu Yusuf Alper Kilic Department of Gastroenterology Hacettepe University School of Medicine Department of General Surgery Hacettepe University School of Medicine

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is a state of the art diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for various pancreatic and biliary problems. In spite of the well-established safety of the procedure, there is still a risk of complications such as pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding and perforation. Air leak syndrome has rarely been reported in association with ERCP and the optimal management of this serious conditioncan be difficult to establish. Our group successfully managed a case of air leak syndrome following ERCP which was caused by a 3cm Stapfer type I perforation in the posterolateral aspect of the second part of the duodenum and was repaired surgically. Hereby, we describe the presentation and subsequent therapeutic approach.

关键词： Air leak syndrome Endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography Complication Perforation Stapfer

Resolution of an esophageal leak and posterior gastric wall necrosis with esophageal self-expandable metal stents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第40期19卷 6931-6933页

作者： Majid A Almadi Abdulrahman M Aljebreen Fahad Bamihriz Division of Gastroenterology King Khalid University Hospital King Saud University Riyadh 11461Saudi Arabia Division of Gastroenterology The McGill University Health Center Montreal General Hospital McGill UniversityMontrealH3G 1A4Canada Division of Surgery King Khalid University HospitalKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11461Saudi Arabia

The use of weight reduction surgeries has increased over the years with a higher proportion of these surgeries being sleeve gastrectomies,this has been associated with some complications including staple line *** report a 32-year-old male who had undergone a laparoscopic gastric band surgery and subsequently a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy,this was complicated by both an staple line leak at the gastroesophageal junction as well as a large(> 4 cm) posterior gastric wall defect due to gastric wall necrosis. We used two co-axially inserted self-expandable stents(SEMS) in the management of this patient,5 stents were used over repeated endoscopy sessions and 20 wk. Both defects had resolved without the need for surgical *** is the first reported case were SEMS are used for both a staple line leak as well as a gastric wall *** also review the literature on the use of SEMS in the management of leaks post weight reduction surgeries.

关键词： Stents Self-expandable metal stents Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy Staple line leak Esophageal leak Gastric necrosis

Preoperative bowel preparation does not favor the management of colorectal anastomotic leak

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2019年第4期11卷 218-228页

作者： Konstantinos A Zorbas Daohai Yu Aruj Choudhry Howard M Ross Matthew Philp Department of Surgery BronxCare Health System Department of Surgery Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Department of Clinical Sciences Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University

BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding the impact of preoperative bowel preparation on patients undergoing colorectal surgery. This is due to previous research studies,which fail to demonstrate protective effects of mechanical bowel preparation against postoperative complications. However, in recent studies, combination therapy with oral antibiotics(OAB) and mechanical bowel preparation seems to be beneficial for patients undergoing an elective colorectal *** To determine the association between preoperative bowel preparation and postoperative anastomotic leak management(surgical vs non-surgical).METHODS Patients with anastomotic leak after colorectal surgery were identified from the 2013 and 2014 Colectomy Targeted American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(ACS-NSQIP) database and were employed for analysis. Every patient was assigned to one of three following groups based on the type of preoperative bowel preparation: first groupmechanical bowel preparation in combination with OAB, second groupmechanical bowel preparation alone, and third group-no *** A total of 652 patients had anastomotic leak after a colectomy from January 1,2013 through December 31, 2014. Baseline characteristics were assessed and found that there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in terms of age, gender, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists score,and other preoperative characteristics. A χ~2 test of homogeneity was conducted and there was no statistically/clinically significant difference between the three categories of bowel preparation in terms of *** The implementation of mechanical bowel preparation and antibiotic use in patients who are going to undergo a colon resection does not influence the treatment of any possible anastomotic leakage.

关键词： Preoperative bowel preparation Preoperative mechanical bowel preparation Preoperative oral antibiotics Colorectal anastomotic leak Anastomotic leak Bowel preparation Colorectal surgery National Surgical Quality Improvement Program

Vascular calcification does not predict anastomotic leak or conduit necrosis following oesophagectomy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2019年第7期11卷 308-321页

作者： Benjamin J Jefferies Emily Evans James Bundred James Hodson John L Whiting Colm Forde Ewen A Griffiths College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TTUnited Kingdom Department of Radiology University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B15 2WBUnited Kingdom Institute of Translational Medicine University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B15 2TTUnited Kingdom Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B15 2THUnited Kingdom Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences University of BirminghamBirmingham B15 2TTUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Anastomotic leaks(AL)and gastric conduit necrosis(CN)are serious complications following *** studies have suggested that vascular calcification may be associated with an increased AL rate,but this has not been validated in a United Kingdom *** To investigate whether vascular calcification identified on the pre-operative computed tomography(CT)scan is predictive of AL or *** Routine pre-operative CT scans of 414 patients who underwent oesophagectomy for malignancy with oesophagogastric anastomosis at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham between 2006 and 2018 were retrospectively *** of the proximal aorta,distal aorta,coeliac trunk and branches of the coeliac trunk was scored by two *** relationship between these calcification scores and occurrence of AL and CN was then *** Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group definition of AL and CN was *** Complication data were available in n=411 patients,of whom 16.7%developed either AL(15.8%)or CN(3.4%).Rates of AL were significantly higher in female patients,at 23.0%,compared to 13.9%in males(P=0.047).CN was significantly more common in females,(8.0%vs 2.2%,P=0.014),patients with diabetes(10.6%vs 2.5%,P=0.014),a history of smoking(10.3%vs 2.3%,P=0.008),and a higher American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade(P=0.024).Out of the 14 conduit necroses,only 4 occurred without a concomitant *** statistically significant association was found between calcification of any of the vessels studied and either of these *** analyses were then performed to identify whether a combination of the calcification scores could be identified that would be significantly predictive of any of the ***,the stepwise approach did not select any factors for inclusion in the final *** analysis was repeated for composite outcomes of those patients with either AL or CN(n=69,16.7%)and for those with both AL and CN(n=10,2.

关键词： Oesophagectomy Anastomotic leak Gastric conduit necrosis Calcification Computed tomography Ischaemia

A Unified Management for Spontaneous CSF leak

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2015年第2期4卷 141-147页

作者： Lobna El Fiky Ali Kotb Badr Eldin Mostafa Otolaryngology Department Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Neurosurgery Department Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Background: Spontaneous CSF leak represents less frequent cause of CSF leak, but cases are more difficult to control, with the highest failure rate and recurrence despite adequate repair. The problems in these cases might be related to an underlying undiagnosed associated intracranial hyper-tension. Recognition and long-term treatment of elevated ICP is therefore critical to the successful management of these patients. Objective: To evaluate the CSF pressure in cases of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea and to describe our same setting combined protocol to the repair of the leak, measurement and management of CSF pressure. Patients and Methods: All patients presenting to Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, with spontaneous CSF leak were included prospectively in the study. Clinical and radiologic data were collected to suspect elevated intracranial pressure. After CSF repair, CSF pressure was measured and if found to be more than 20 cmH2O, a lumboperitoneal shunt was used. Results: Twenty-seven cases, 23 women and 4 men, presented with spontaneous CSF leak. 23 patients had BMI above 30. All patients had empty sella syndrome (100%), and a meningoencephalocele was found in 13 cases (48%). CSF pressure ranged from 5 to 39 cmH2O (mean = 28.7). A pressure above 21 cmH2O was found in19 patients (70%) and subsequently had lumboperitoneal shunt in the same setting. No recurrence occurred in this subset of patients with 6 - 60 months follow-up period. Conclusion: A selective and specific same setting protocol can result in a better diagnosis and control of the accompanying elevated ICP in cases of spontaneous CSF leak. It avoids a second operative intervention, and shortens the hospital stay, with an increase in the success rate. In the same time, the smaller number of patients with normal ICP can avoid further drainage.

关键词： CSF Rhinorrhea Elevated ICP Spontaneous CSF leak Lumbar Drain Acetazolamide Empty Sella Syndrome Intracranial Hypertension Endoscopic CSF Repair CSF Diversion Lumboperitoneal Shunts

Experimental Study of Oil Pipeline leak Processes

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第7期3卷 597-604页

作者： Agbakwuru Ahamefula Jasper Gudmestad Tobias Ove Bilstad Torleiv Department of Environmental Engineering University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway Department of Offshore Engineering University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway

This work provides a description of oil leak/spill processes from containment such as pipeline. Understanding of such processes is important in order to adequately estimate oil spills and to justify an appropriate emergency action for minimizing spills. Internal diameters of pipes used in the study are within 4 inches. leaks are simulated from plastic pipeline oil containment fitted with valves. The leak response with time when upstream and downstream valves are operated is studied. Within the internal diameters of pipelines considered in the tests, two ranges of leak characteristics are evident;the “holding range” and the “flowing range” characteristics. The consequences of these characteristics in the oil industry operations have been discussed. The work suggests a spill estimation method based on this knowledge. Furthermore, in order to minimise spill in event of pipeline failure, it is observed that the optimum action on pipeline operational valves, is the immediate closure of upstream valve, followed by the downstream valve, nearly simultaneously. Future work will extend the test to larger diameter pipelines to attempt developing a mathematical approach for estimating limits of the “holding range” characteristics of pipelines given appropriate parameters and in-field test.

关键词： Oil Spill Oil leak Pipeline Downstream Valve Upstream Valve Early leak Event

Pancreas Transplant Salvage by Proximal Loop Ileostomy and Distal Ileostotomy Tube for Duodenal Stump leak after Enteric Conversion

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Surgical Science 2011年第1期2卷 1-4页

作者： Monroy-Cuadros Mauricio Rodriguez-Velez Cesar 不详

After pancreas transplantation, some patients with bladder drainage (BD) of the pancreatic duct will need to be converted to enteric drainage (ED) because of reflux pancreatitis, metabolic acidosis, and urological complications. However, ED is associated with higher rates of duodenal stump leak, intra-abdominal abscess, and peritonitis. In some cases of enteric anastomosis leakage, a primary repair can be attempted, but in more severe cases, graft pancreatectomy is indicated. We report one patient who received a combined kidney and pancreas transplant with BD of exocrine secretions, but who required ED conversion 6 years later because of persistent metabolic acidosis and adverse urological symptoms. However, a significant duodenal leak was discovered 4 days post-operatively. To salvage the transplanted pancreas, we performed a diverting loop ileostomy proximal to the entero-entero anastomosis and the distal section was drained retrogradely with an ileostostomy tube, allowing the area of the leak to heal. Three months later, the ileostomy was reversed without complications, the symptoms that led to the ED conversion resolved, and the kidney and pancreas allografts remain functional 48 months later. We suggest that this might be a method by which transplanted pancreas may be salvaged in the case of leakage after ED conversion.

关键词： Pancreas Transplant Conversion leak