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Bioactivity of Indigenous Melia azedarach Extracts against the Tomato leafminer,Tuta absoluta

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2019年第1期9卷 8-25页

作者： Efat Abou-Fakhr Hammad Amani Abbass Muhammad Abbass Zaynab Mohamad Haidar Josiane El-Chemali Youssef Abou Jawdeh Ludmilla Ibrahim Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agricultural&Veterinary SciencesLebanese UniversityDekwanehBeirutLebanon Ministry of Agriculture Department of Agriculture Extension ServicesBire HasanBeirutLebanon Exotica Department of Ornamental Plants ProductionZouk MosbehBeirutLebanon Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agricultural&Food SciencesAmerican University of BeirutBliss StreetP.O.Box 11-0236Riad El-Solh 1107-2020BeirutLebanon Department of Crop Production Faculty of Agricultural&Veterinary SciencesLebanese UniversityDekwanehBeirutLebanon

Fruit extracts of indigenous Melia azedarach were tested for their insecticidal bioactivity against the tomato leafminer(Tuta absoluta)under laboratory *** plants were exposed to moths,after/before application of *** included:crushed fruit extracts of water(500,000 ppm and 200,000 ppm),methanol and ethyl acetate(200,000 ppm)with and without mineral oil(2%);*** powder extracts(2,000 ppm)in different solvents:water,methanol,ethanol,ethyl acetate,hexane and chloroform;biorational products:neem oil,mineral oil,micronized sulfur and thyme *** released moths were removed from treated/untreated plants at 72 h and effect of treatments on adults,eggs,larvae and pupae were *** indicated that sulfur caused the lowest number of live moths to be present on treated plants and was not significantly different in its effect from that of *** extracts and neem *** extracts without and with oil caused the highest%of dry eggs and were comparable to neem *** in the two formulations(crushed fruits and/or powder)caused significant direct effects on immature instars:eggs,early larval instars and *** extracts and the tested products also caused indirect effect in form of significant decrease in number of developing the 3rd larval instars and new emerging moths compared to the *** sprays of these extracts against eggs,larvae and pupae on same treated plants lead to very low number of moths for a second generation of the pest which contributes to low buildup of pest population in a tomato crop.

关键词： Tuta leafminer tomato Melia plant extract indigenous species

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Density effect and intraspecific competition in a leaf-mining moth on bamboo leaves

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 689-697页

作者： Xiaohua Dai Jiasheng Xu Qingyun Guo Shengchang Lai Peng Liu Juju Fan Peirong Tang leafminer Group School of Life and Environmental Sciences Gannan Normal University National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve Administration

When confined to a single leaf, the larvae of most leafminers should suffer intense intraspecific competition. The survival and performance of individuals are expected to decline with increasing larval density within a leaf, showing a negative density-dependent effect. The maximum density of an Elachista Treitschke(Lepidoptera:Elachistidae) miner on Indocalamus tessellatus(Munro)Keng f.(Poaceae: Bambusoideae) under natural conditions can be greater than 40 per leaf, making this a good system for studying intraspecific competition and density *** counted the number of leaves with different mine densities in the field and found a clumped distribution of leafminer larvae among host leaves. The emergence rates of pupae(and last-instar larvae), adults and parasitoids were inversely correlated with larval density. Pupal weight and adult weight also showed negative relationships with larval density. However, pairwise tests showed that there might be no differences in pupal or adult weight at larval densities of 1–10 mines per leaf, indicating that densitydependent effects are more obvious at densities greater than 10 mines per leaf. Intraspecific competition could lead to stable density and consistent body size in surviving individual insects, which would help maintain a sustainable population size. The density threshold could be an indicator of the balance between intraspecific competitive detriments and conspecific aggregation benefits; however, the validity of the threshold density hypothesis requires further testing and confirmation.

关键词： leafminer Density-dependent Distribution pattern Sustainable population Threshold density

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