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Sorption and leaching Potential of Isoproturon and Atrazine in Low Organic Carbon Soil of Pakistan Under a Wheat-Maize Rotation

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 687-698页

作者： Muhammad TAHIR Anwar Ul HASSAN Saliha MAQBOOL Brian BARBER William C.KOSKINEN PENG Xinhua David J.MULLA State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) Institute of Soil&Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture FaisalabadPunjab 38000(Pakistan) Soil and Water Management Research Laboratory St.Paul MN 55108-6089(USA) Department of Soil Water&ClimateUniversity of MinnesotaTwin Cities MN 55108-6089(USA)

Pesticide leaching is a great threat in low organic carbon soils when subjected to improper irrigation *** data are available on the sorption and leaching potential of pesticides in agricultural soils of Pakistan with low soil organic carbon(SOC).Lysimeter and field studies were conducted with and without manure application at two irrigation levels in a wheat-fallowmaize rotation in Faisalabad,Punjab,*** was applied to wheat 55 d after sowing at 1 kg active ingredient(a.i.)ha^(-1),while atrazine was sprayed on maize 30 d after sowing at 0.774 kg ***^(-1).Soil was sampled from three depths(0-35,35-70,and 70-110 cm) for the field study and four depths(0-35,35-70,70-115,and 115-160 cm) for the lysimeter study,280 and 65 d after application of isoproturon and atrazine,*** soil-water partition coefficients(K_d) of isoproturon and atrazine ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 and 0.4 to 1.5 L kg^(-1),respectively,and increased linearly with increase in SOC *** organic carbon-normalized soil-water partition coefficient(K_(oc)) of isoproturon and atrazine averaged 246.1 and 184.9 L kg^(-1),respectively,being higher with low spiking *** residues measured 280 d after application ranged from 2.1% to 3.6% of the applied mass in the lysimeter study and from 1.5% to 3.1% under field *** residues 65 d after application ranged from only 0.62% to 0.78% and from 0.88% to 0.82% in the lysimeter and field studies,*** lowest levels of residues for both pesticides were observed with frequent irrigation applied to manure-amended soil.A pesticide leaching risk screening tool,the ground water ubiquity score(GUS),indicated that in the absence of manure under both irrigation levels,isoproturon has a leaching potential(GUS = 2.8),while with the application of manure it has a very low leaching *** GUS ranged from 1.7 to 1.9,indicating a very low risk of leaching.

关键词： concentration dependent sorption irrigation manure leaching risk assessment pesticide

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