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Reflections on variability in the blood-breath ratio of ethanol and its importance when evidential breath-alcohol instruments are used in law enforcement

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Forensic Sciences Research 2020年第4期5卷 300-308页

作者： Alan Wayne Jones Johnny Mack Cowan Division of Drug Research Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSweden Department of Public Safety(now retired) AustinTXUSA

Variability in the blood-breath ratio(BBR)of alcohol is important,because it relates a mea-surement of the blood-alcohol concentration(BAC)with the co-existing breath-alcohol con-centration(BrAC).The BBR is also used to establish the statutory BrAC limit for driving from the existing statutory BAC limits in different *** in-vivo BBR depends on a host of analytical,sampling and physiological factors,including subject demographics,time after end of drinking(rising or falling BAC),the nature of the blood draw(whether venous or arterial)and the subject's breathing pattern prior to exhalation into the breath *** results from a controlled drinking study involving healthy volunteers(85 men and 15 women)from three ethnic groups(Caucasians,Hispanics and African Americans)were used to evaluate various factors influencing the *** in breath was determined with a quantitative infrared analyzer(Intoxilyzer 8000)and BAC was determined by headspace gas chromatography(HS-GC).The BAC and BrAC were highly correlated(r = 0.948)and the BBR in the post-absorptive state was 2 382±119(mean ± SD).The BBR did not depend on gen-der(female:2 396±101 and male:2 380±123,P>0.05)nor on racial group(Caucasians 2 398±124,African Americans 2 344±119 and Hispanics 2 364±104,P>0.05).The BBR was lower in subjects with higher breath-and body-temperatures(P<0.05)and it also decreased with longer exhalation times into the breath-analyzer(P<0.001).In the post-absorptive state,none of the 100 subjects had a BBR of less than 2 100∶1.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic toxicology blood-ethanol breath-ethanol blood-breath ratio biological variation drunken driving law-enforcement statutory alcohol limits

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