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Climate change, water resources and sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid lands of Central Asia in the past 30 years

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 1-14页

作者： YU Yang PI Yuanyue YU Xiang TA Zhijie SUN Lingxiao Markus DISSE ZENG Fanjiang LI Yaoming CHEN Xi YU Ruide Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Forestry State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management Technical University of Munich School of Environment and Material Science Yantai University

The countries of Central Asia are collectively known as the five "-stans": Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan. In recent times, the Central Asian region has been affected by the shrinkage of the Aral Sea, widespread desertification, soil salinization, biodiversity loss, frequent sand storms, and many other ecological disasters. This paper is a review article based upon the collection, identification and collation of previous studies of environmental changes and regional developments in Central Asia in the past 30 years. Most recent studies have reached a consensus that the temperature rise in Central Asia is occurring faster than the global average. This warming trend will not only result in a higher evaporation in the basin oases, but also to a significant retreat of glaciers in the mountainous areas. Water is the key to sustainable development in the arid and semi-arid regions in Central Asia. The uneven distribution, over consumption, and pollution of water resources in Central Asia have caused severe water supply problems, which have been affecting regional harmony and development for the past 30 years. The widespread and significant land use changes in the 1990 s could be used to improve our understanding of natural variability and human interaction in the region. There has been a positive trend of trans-border cooperation among the Central Asian countries in recent years. International attention has grown and research projects have been initiated to provide water and ecosystem protection in Central Asia. However, the agreements that have been reached might not be able to deliver practical action in time to prevent severe ecological disasters. Water management should be based on hydrographic borders and ministries should be able to make timely decisions without political intervention. Fully integrated management of water resources, land use and industrial development is essential in Central Asia. The ecological crisis should provide

关键词： Central Asia climate change water resources arid and semi-arid lands land use changes sustainable development socio-economic development

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THE POSSIBILITIES AND REALITIES ON THE REMANAGEMENT OF DESERTIFIED lands IN THE TRANSITIONAL ZONE BETWEEN THE DRY-FARMING AREA AND THE GRAZING AREA IN NORTH CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 1991年第1期1卷 32-43页

作者：朱震达刘恕杨有林 Institute of Desert Research.Academia Sinica Lanzhou 730000PRC

The desertification process is rapidly developing at present and 61.5% of the land area in the zone are already *** the desertified lands, 26.9% are seriously desertified, 25% most seriously desertified and 47.4% are the lands where desertification is under way. They are caused by over-reclamation for farming, over-grazing, unreasonable collection of firewood,the destruction of vegetation and the misuse of water resources. Under the ecological environment in semi-arid zone,the degraded environment process possesses the ability of restoring to its original status as soon as the interruption of excessive human activities are eliminated. The fencing- and-self-cultivating method is an effective measure adopted universally in semi-arid zone to cure the desertified *** desertified lands can be readjusted and controlled easily if other controlling measures are supplemented. The fundamental ways to control desertification are to utilize rationally the resources, to readjust the existing

关键词： desertified lands the transitional zone between the dry-larming area and the grazing area remanagement North China.

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Magnitudes of Climate Variability and Changes over the Arid and Semi-Arid lands of Kenya between 1961 and 2013 Period

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American Journal of Climate Change 2018年第1期7卷 27-39页

作者： Jully O. Ouma Luke O. Olang Gilbert O. Ouma Christopher Oludhe Laban Ogallo Guleid Artan Department of Meteorology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC) Nairobi Kenya Department of Biosystem and Environmental Engineering Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

The magnitude and trend of temperature and rainfall extremes as indicators of climate variability and change were investigated in the Arid and Semi-Arid lands (ASALs) of Kenya using in-situ measurements and gridded climate proxy datasets, and analysed using the Gaussian-Kernel analysis and the Mann-Kendall statistics. The results show that the maximum and minimum temperatures have been increasing, with warmer temperatures being experienced mostly at night time. The average change in the mean maximum and minimum seasonal surface air temperature for the region were 0.74°C and 0.60°C, respectively between the 1961-1990 and 1991-2013 periods. Decreasing but statistically insignificant trends in the seasonal rainfall were noted in the area, but with mixed patterns in variability. The March-April-May rainfall season indicated the highest decrease in the seasonal rainfall amounts. The southern parts of the region had a decreasing trend in rainfall that was greater than that of the northern areas. The results of this study are expected to support sustainable pastoralism system prevalent with the local communities in the ASALs.

关键词： Arid and Semi-Arid lands Climate Variability and Change Northern Kenya

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Catchment Management and Its Effects on Arable lands of Zimbabwe: A Look beyond the Fast Track Land Reform Program

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第10期4卷 1123-1128页

作者： Kosamu Nyoni Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences Great Zimbabwe University Masvingo Zimbabwe.

This study was carried out in selected districts of Mashonaland East and Central provinces of Zimbabwe in 2011 to determine the effects of soil erosion on arable lands and how this related to catchment management. Results show that the highest contribution is 53% and is obtained from arable land codes 5 and 7. These fields show signs of excessive sheet and gully erosion. The least contribution is 0.8% and this is on arable land codes 3, 4 and 8. These fields have properly done conservation works existing. 33% of the assessed arable lands have conservation works in place whilst 67% are not protected and as such the fields are eroded. Soil erosion results in the washing away of the precious top soil, responsible for plant growth and infiltration of rain or irrigation water. This reduces the usefulness of such affected arable lands as crops grown on it can’t thrive due to lack of soil fertility. The paper recommends that government policies focus more on promoting sustainable land use through integrated catchment area management. This will go a long way in achieving sustainable development in Zimbabwe.

关键词： Catchment Area Management Integrated Catchment Management Arable lands Sustainable Land Use Sustainability Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration

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Fodder Halophytes for Saline lands of Kyzylkum Desert

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第9期10卷 1517-1526页

作者： Lola S. Ortiqova Djizak State Pedagogical Institute Djizak Uzbekistan

The article is devoted to the economic and biological characteristics of promising desert semi-shrub halophytes (Kochia prostrate, Salsola orientalis, Ceratoides ewersmaniana, Halothamhus subaphyllus, Camphorosma less... 详细信息

关键词： Kyzylkum Desert Pastures Saline lands Karakul

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Chang'e 4 lands at the Far Side of the Moon

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Aerospace China 2018年第4期19卷 63-63页

作者： CAI Jinman China Space News

Chang’e 4 began its travel to the moon at 02:23 Beijing time on December 8,2018 atop a LM-3B launch vehicle from the Xichang Satellite Launch *** separated from the carrier rocket,Chang’e 4 entered the Earth-moon tr... 详细信息

关键词： Chang’e lands Moon

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lands’End使用户结伴上网购物

每周电脑报

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每周电脑报 1999年第38期 65-65页

lands’End 正尽力使网上购物更像是和一位密友同去超市购物。为了消除顾客在网上购物时所具有的那种隔离孤独的感觉,这家服饰零售商在它的 Web 站点上推出了两项新的服务:“lands’End Live”和“Shop With a Friend”。这两项新的服... 详细信息

lands’End 正尽力使网上购物更像是和一位密友同去超市购物。为了消除顾客在网上购物时所具有的那种隔离孤独的感觉,这家服饰零售商在它的 Web 站点上推出了两项新的服务:“lands’End Live”和“Shop With a Friend”。这两项新的服务能够使两个远隔万

关键词：上网购物网上购物电子购物 lands End 网上商店顾客商品目录用户

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Modeling and Mapping Sand Encroachment Risk as an Aid for Urban Planning in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2018年第6期10卷 699-717页

作者： Naeema Alhosani Department of Geography and Urban Planning College of Humanities and Social Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al Ain UAE

Sand encroachment into urban areas represents a high risk factor for transportation infrastructural and urban development in the United Arab Emirates. The UAE is located in one of the world’s largest arid regions with a strong prevalence of sand movement and encroachment into urban areas, particularly in the last few years. The objective of this research is to develop a land surface process platform that models sand movements and further generates an encroachment risk index map of potential encroachment risk areas season-wise in the UAE. To achieve this objective, this research used elevation and land cover maps generated from lands at 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data which represent the topography of the study area coupled with meteorological information on wind speed, temperature and precipitation. Furthermore, the study considered the vegetation cover as a major contribution factor to reduce sand encroachment. Using developed sand movement model for this research, sand encroachment risk maps were generated to help urban planners in cities making informed decisions of future urban protection structures and transportation networks that mitigate the effects of sand dunes encroachments in the UAE. A major finding of this research results conclude that during the summer season encroachment risk reaches 30% higher compared to the winter season due to the extremely high temperature which leads to reduced vegetation in the country. Urban planning decision maker may consider the finding of this research for future infrastructural adjustments.

关键词： Aeolian Sand lands at 8 OLI Sand Encroachment Transportation Vegetation Temperature

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The Combination of Indigenous Knowledge and Geo-Informatics for Water Harvesting Siting in the Jordanian Badia

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2012年第4期4卷 366-376页

作者： Rida Al-Adamat Saad AlAyyash Hani Al-Amoush Odeh Al-Meshan Zahir Rawajfih Akram Shdeifat Adnan Al-Harahsheh Mohammed Al-Farajat Al al-Bayt University Mafraq Jordan Jordan Badia Research Programme Amman Jordan Jordan University for Science and Technology Irbid Jordan Mutah University Karak Jordan

Jordan is located in an arid to semi arid region where around 90% of its land receives an average annual precipitation of less than 100 mm while only 3% of the land receives an average annual precipitation of 300 mm or more. Jordan is characterised as a “water scarce” country because the current per capita share of water is estimated to be of the order of 140 m3 per year which is well below the 1000 m3 threshold. Rainwater harvesting is the accumulating and storing, of rainwater. It has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock, water for irrigation or to refill aquifers as a groundwater recharge. GIS has been widely used in selecting the best sites for water harvesting schemes. This research aims at selecting optimum sites for water harvesting schemes in the Jordan arid lands (Badia) using indigenous knowledge and geo-informatics. To achieve this aim, a community-based research and desktop investigating is applied. The community-based research focused on consulting with 200 stakeholders form local communities where they provided knowledge on opportunities and constrains form their experience on water management in the arid lands where they live and interact. Also they provided information on potential location for water collecting sites that has been used for ages to provide water to humans and livestock. On the other hand, desktop research is conducted on sitting criteria for water harvesting based on physical and socio-economic characteristics. The physical criteria include rainfall volumes, slope, distance to water courses (wadis), distance form geologic faults and soil texture, where socio-economic criteria include distance to groundwater wells, distance to urban area, distance to agriculture activities and distance to international brooders. This selecting criterion in combination with indigenous knowledge is used within GIS environment to identify optimum sites for water harvesting. GIS analysis resulted in identifying 118 potential sites. Of t

关键词： GIS Indigenous Knowledge Water Harvesting Arid lands Jordan

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Analysis of Urban Greening of Tai'an City in China Based on Remote Sensing Image with High Resolution

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Journal of landscape Research 2012年第9期4卷 55-57,60页

作者： HAN Lingling FEI Xianyun TIAN Muge School of Geodesy & Geomatics Engineering Huaihai Institute of Technology Shenhua Geological Exploration Limited Liability Company

By taking urban greening of Tai'an City of Shandong Province for example,selecting remote sensing image Quickbird with high resolution,and combining visual interpretation with automatic classification of the computer,based on urban green space systematic planning map,green space information of the built-up area has been selected for the research centering on green lands in urban parks,productive green lands,green lands attached to residential areas and units,green lands attached to the road,other green lands,water surfaces and so *** the statistics and analysis,the distribution condition of each type of urban green land has been obtained,and some suggestions have been proposed in view of existing problems of urban *** should enhance the construction of green lands in urban parks,residential areas and units,improve road greening level,implement vertical greening,increase the area of productive green lands and fully make use of idle lands.

关键词： Urban green lands Remote sensing image with high resolution Quickbird Tai’an City

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