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Chemical and olfactive impacts of organic matters on odor emission patterns from the simulated construction and demolition waste landfills

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第5期33卷 196-206页

作者： Kunyu Jiang Zhaowen Cheng Ziyang Lou Luochun Wang Hailin Lu Bijun Xu Ningben Jin College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Uniuersityof Electric PoiuerShanghai 200090China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery Shanghai 200092China Institute for Urban Governance Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Environment Group co. LtdShanghai 200336China Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co. LtdShanghai 200001China

The explosive increase of construction and demolition waste(CDW) caused the insufficient source separation and emergency disposal at domestic waste landfills in many developing countries. Some organic fractions were introduced to the CDW landfill process and resulted in serious odor pollution. To comprehensively explore the impacts of organic matters on odor emission patterns, five CDW landfills(OIL), with organic matters/inert CDW components(O/I) from 5% to 30%, and the control group only with inert components(IL) or organics(OL) were simulated at the laboratory. The chemical and olfactive characters of odors were evaluated using the emission rate of 94 odorants content(ER_(total)), theory odor concentration(TOC_(total)), and e-nose concentration(ER_(ENC)), and their correlations with waste properties were also analyzed. It was found that the main contributors to ER_(total)(IL: 93.0% NH_(3);OIL: 41.6% sulfides, 31.0% NH_(3), 25.9% oxygenated compounds) and TOC_(total)(IL: 64.1% CH_3SH, 28.2% NH_(3);OIL: 71.7% CH_(3)SH, 24.8% H_(2)S) changed significantly. With the rise of O/I, ER_(total), TOC_(total), and ER_(ENC) increased by 10.9, 20.6, and 2.1 times, respectively. And the organics content in CDW should be less than 10%(i.e., DOC landfills.

关键词： Construction and demolition waste landfills Emission rate Volatile odor compounds Organic matters Theory odor concentration

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The variability of juvenile dispersal in an opportunistic raptor

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 244-254页

作者： Jorge Garcia-Macia Gabriel Lopez-Poveda Javier De La Puente Ana Bermejo-Bermejo Manuel Galan Ernesto Alvarez Sara Morollon Vicente Urios Vertebrates Zoology Research Group University of AlicanteApdo.99E-03080 AlicanteSpain SEO/BirdLife Bird Monitoring UnitC/Melquiades Biencinto34E-28053MadridSpain GREFA C/MontedelPilarS/NE-28220 MajadahondaMadridSpain

The juvenile dispersal of raptors is a crucial stage that stretches from parental independence to the establishment of the first breeding area.Between 2012 and 2020,44 juvenile red kites Milvus milvus from the Spanish breeding population were tagged using GPS telemetry to study their dispersal.Juveniles left the parental breeding area at the end of their first summer and performed wandering movements throughout the Iberian Peninsula,returning to the parental breeding area the following year,repeating the same pattern until they settled in their first breeding area.We analyzed the mean distance from the nest,the maximum reached distances,and the traveled distances(daily and hourly)during the first 2 years of dispersal and compared them.Despite the high individual variability,variables describing the dispersal movements of juveniles showed a decreasing trend during the second dispersal year:80% of individuals reached a shorter maximum distance in the second year,70% decreased their mean distance to the nest,65% decreased their hourly traveled distances,and 50% decreased their daily traveled distances.On the other hand,the red kites usually combined wandering movements with the establishment of temporary settlement areas(TSA).The average duration of settlement in the TSAs was 75±40 days(up to 182 days)and was located at 182±168 km from the nest.In those areas,juveniles used 781.0±1895.0 km^(2)(KDE 95%).Some of the TSAs were used by several individuals,which suggests that these areas might be good targets for conservation in future management plans.

关键词： GPS telemetry landfills movement ecology natal dispersal red kite spatial ecology

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Analysis on contaminants transport process through clay-solidified grouting curtain in MSW landfills

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Journal of Central South University of Technology 2005年第z1期12卷 168-172页

作者： CHEN Yong-gui ZHANG Ke-neng HUANG Chang-bo School of Bridge and Structural Engineering Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410076 China College of Civil Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China School of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China China Construction First Group Corporation Limited Beijing 100073 China

Clay-solidified grouting curtains are commonly used for remediation by containment or pollution prevention, in addition to their use as a barrier to water flow in municipal solid waste(MSW) landfills. A hydrological model.of water flow and a hydrodynamic model of contaminant are presented to simulate the migration of leachate through clay-solidified grouting curtain in MSW landfills, with particular attention paid to the role of diffusive and adsorptive fluxes in contaminant transport. The models were applied to simulate the sensitivity of the curtain's behavior to changes in parameters, such as thickness, depth, permeability coefficient, diffusion coefficient,resistance coefficient and concentration, and also to demonstrate the contaminant distribution on the evolution of travel time and offset distance of clay-solidified grouting curtain in landfills. It is found that a part of leachate components stays or is retarded in clay-solidified grouting curtain by precipitate or exchange, the retention rate is closely related to composition of clay-solidified grouting curtain, more than 800%, and the maximum occurs at the cementclay ratio of 2: 4 under experimental conditions. Contamination distribution is variable on travel time and offset distance, the highest concentration takes place where the contamination intensity is nearest to the pollution resource or takes place at early middle period of transport, and the pollutant attenuates gradually. The results indicate that claysolidified grouting curtain with a proper thickness, a low permeability coefficient and a high resistance coefficient might serve as a sufficiently effective vertical barrier against leachate seepage and contamination migration in MSWlandfills.

关键词： clay-solidified grouting curtain contaminant transport landfills

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Use of Evapotranspiration (ET) Landfill Covers to Reduce Methane Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste landfills

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第13期7卷 1087-1097页

作者： Tarek Abichou Tarek Kormi Cheng Wang Haykel Melaouhia Terry Johnson Stephen Dwyer Department of Civil Engineering Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA Ecole Nationale d’ Ingenieurs de Gabes Department de Genie Civil Gabes Tunisia LASMAP Ecole Polytechnique de Tunisie University of Carthage Tunisia Argonne National Laboratory Chicago IL USA. Waste Management Minneapolis MN USA. Dwyer Engineering Albuquerque NM USA

Solid waste landfills need to have final covers to 1) reduce the infiltration of rainfall into the waste mass and 2) reduce surface greenhouse gas emissions. Most regulations require that such final covers include hydraulic barriers, such as compacted clays with or without geomembrane. Significant research has been undertaken to allow the use of evapotranspiration-based covers (often termed: Evapotranspiration (ET) Cover, Water Balance Covers, or Phyto Covers) as an alternative to the barrier concept covers. ET covers are designed so that they have the capacity to store water by the soil and also have plants or vegetation to remove the stored water. In ET covers, plant roots can enhance the aeration of soil by creating secondary macropores which improve the diffusion of oxygen into soil. Therefore, biological methane oxidation (a natural process in landfill soils) can be improved considerably by the soil structuring processes of vegetation, along with the increase of organic biomass in the soil associated with plant roots. This paper summarizes a study to investigate the capacity of an ET cover to reduce surface greenhouse gas emissions when implemented on a solid waste landfill. This study consisted of using a numerical model to estimate methane emission and oxidation through an ET cover under average climatic conditions in Bennignton, Nebraska, USA. Different simulations were performed using different methane loading flux (5 to 200 gm-2·d-1) as the bottom boundary. For all simulations, surface emissions were the lowest during the growing season and during warmer days of the year. Percent oxidation is the highest during the growing season and during warmer days. The lowest modeled surface emissions were always obtained during the growing season. Finally, correlations between percent oxidation and methane loading into simulated ET covers were proposed to estimate methane emissions and methane oxidation in ET covers.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Covers Methane Oxidation landfills Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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Research on anti-seepage properties of geosynthetic clay lines in landfills

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2009年第4期2卷 254-260页

作者： Xiao-Bo Xiong Guo-Qing Gui Shu-Zhi Ma School of Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan China School of Engineering Jinggangshan University Ji’an China

In recent years, geosynthetic Clay liners (GCLs) are widely used in different kinds of anti-seep-age projects and the anti-seepage availabilities of GCLs are regarded as increasingly important by engineers. Anti-seepage effectiveness of GCLs involves at least two aspects, such as Hydraulic conductivity of GCLs under engi-neering practice conditions, and Absorption ability of bentonite in GCLs in the course of liq-uid permeation. In this paper, Hydraulic con-ductivity tests are performed to obtain seepage coefficient of GCLs, taking liquids such as dis-tilled, deioned water and landfill leachate, and solutions with single-species cation as the hy-dration and permeation liquid. The results Show that cation valence, cation concentration and hydration ionic radius in hydration and permea-tion liquids have influences on hydraulic con-ductivity of GCLs.

关键词： landfills GCLs Lines System Lmpervious Barrier Experimental Analysis

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Shear strength behavior of geotextile/geomembrane interfaces

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第6期7卷 638-645页

作者： Belén M.Bacas Jorge Caizal Heinz Konietzky Terrasolum S.L.Geotechnical Engineering Technology Development Center of University of Cantabria(CDTUC) School of Civil Engineering University of Cantabria Geotechnical Institute TU Bergakademie Freiberg

This paper aims to study the shear interaction mechanism of one of the critical geosynthetic interfaces,the geotextile/geomembrane,typically used for lined containment facilities such as landfills.A large direct shear machine is used to carry out 90 geosynthetic interface tests.The test results show a strain softening behavior with a very small dilatancy(<0.5 mm) and nonlinear failure envelopes at a normal stress range of 25-450 kPa.The influences of the micro-level structure of these geosynthetics on the macro-level interface shear behavior are discussed in detail.This study has generated several practical recommendations to help professionals to choose what materials are more adequate.From the three geotextiles tested,the thermally bonded monofilament exhibits the best interface shear strength under high normal stress.For low normal stress,however,needle-punched monofilaments are recommended.For the regular textured geomembranes tested,the space between the asperities is an important factor.The closer these asperities are,the better the result achieves.For the irregular textured geomembranes tested,the nonwoven geotextiles made of monofilaments produce the largest interface shear strength.

关键词： Geotextiles Geomembranes landfills Fiber length Roughness Shear strength Friction angle

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Electrical Generator’s Manufacturing through RecycledMaterials for Self-consumption

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2019年第10期13卷 373-379页

作者： Francisco Javier Balbas Javier Garcia Jose Ramon Aranda Alberto Cena Group of Technology and Management of the Edification University of CantabriaSantander 39005CantabriaSpain School of Industrial Engineering and Telecommunications University of CantabriaSantander 39005CantabriaSpain Company Association of Renovable Energy Maintenance AEMERSevilla 41092Spain

The reduction of the useful life of some technologies for various reasons currently generates a large amount of electronic waste whose main destination is landfills located in underdeveloped countries.On the other hand,the lack of availability of electrical energy can encourage the use of other less efficient means of generation with a greater environmental impact.To overcome these problems,it is proposed to recover certain wastes in the manufacture of small wind turbines for use in the construction of these countries.This article provides a practical example of the design of the electric machine and its performance in building with the positive social,economic and environmental impact of the regions involved.

关键词： landfills self-consumption wind turbine magnets synchronous generator.

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An Assessment of the Contribution of Municipal Solid Waste Dump Sites Fire to Atmospheric Pollution

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2014年第3期3卷 53-60页

作者： Akpofure Rim-Rukeh Department of Environmental Science Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria

Municipal solid waste open dump site operation is an important element of waste management in Nigeria, both today and in the future. Dump site fires are common occurrences in the study area. The contribution of?municipal solid waste dump site fires to atmospheric pollution in the Niger Delta, Nigeria has been assessed experimentally. Five (5) municipal solid waste dump sites where fire incidence is a frequent and regular occurrence were chosen for the study. At each of the identified municipal solid waste dump site, eight (8) air quality monitoring parameters, suspended particulate matter (SPM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) were determined using a series of hand held air quality monitoring equipment. Results indicate the levels of SPM ranged between 773 and 801 μg/m3 and the levels of CO ranged between 133.7 and 141.6 ppm. The levels of CO2 ranged between 401 ppm and 404.5 ppm while that of NO2 ranged between 21.0 ppm and 27.3 ppm. The levels of SO2 ranged between 27.7 ppm and 37.1 ppm while that of NH3 ranged from 14.7 to 19.5 ppm. The levels of methane in the study area ranged between 2310 ppm and 2771 ppm and within the?vicinity of dump site fires H2S concentration ranges from 3.4 to 7.7 ppm. Levels of SPM, CO, CO2, and CH4 within the vicinity of the dump site fires were above regulatory limits. Dump site fires in the study area could threaten the health of anyone especially the dump site workers that are regularly exposed to the thick smoke and can be implicated in climate change debate. There is a need to develop better practices with regard to municipal solid waste open dump site operation and emission control.

关键词： Dump Site Fire landfills Air Quality Solid Waste Methane Climate Change

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Assessment of the Impact of Solid Waste Dumpsites on Some Surface Water Systems in the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第8期4卷 605-615页

作者： Vincent Kodzo Nartey Ebenezer Kofi Hayford Smile Kwami Ametsi University of Ghana

Water samples from four water bodies that flow through some solid waste dump sites in the Accra metropolitan area of Ghana were analysed over a period of six months for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn contents;coliform bacteria and helminth eggs. Other water quality parameters such as BOD, DO, suspended solids and turbidity were also assessed. Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cu were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Faecal coliforms, total coliforms and helminth eggs were determined by the membrane filtration (MF) method. The water samples contain various levels of Cd, Pb and Mn;Zn and Cu levels were low and found to be below the detection levels of the instrument in most cases. Helminth egg counts in water samples were high;an indication that the water bodies were polluted with pathogens. It has been observed that the major sources of pollutants into the water bodies were organic waste as well as coliform bacteria derived from these waste dumps. The elevated levels of bacteria make the water bodies unsafe for both primary and secondary contacts.

关键词： landfills Solid Waste Dumpsite Water Bodies

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Determination of the Types of Air Pollutants Prepondering in the City of Lome in Togo (West Africa)

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第4期11卷 729-748页

作者： Lawson Tevi Atator Hodabalo Kamou Anissou Bawa Kodjovi Mawuégnigan Léonard Agbodan Akpisso Aniko Polo Hodabalo Pereki Sêmihinva Ben Akpavi Koffi Akpagana Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology University of Lomé Lomé Togo Higher Institute of Agricultural Trades University of Kara Kara Togo

The increase in the urban population and the high concentration of many anthropogenic activities in certain regions of the world lead to atmospheric disturbances. The excess concentration of several chemical elements leads to air pollution. In order to identify the types of air pollutants, a study was carried out in the city of Lomé, the capital of Togo. The objective of this study is to achieve a better knowledge of the types of air pollutants in the city of Lomé. The identification of the various atmospheric pollutants linked to the sources of pollution was made using micro-sensors. The standardized method was used to access target gas concentration levels. The average concentrations of NO2 gaseous pollutants at landfills are on average 0.333 μg/m3;0.403 mg/m3 at the industrial level, at the transport level they are on average 0.434 mg/m3 for the morning and 0.457 mg/m3 for the evening. Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) are higher in industrial areas than in others sources of pollution. The average concentration m

关键词： Gas Emission Industries Transport landfills City of Lomé Togo

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