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land degradation sensitivity assessment and convergence analysis in Korla of Xinjiang, China

Journal of Arid land 2020年第4期12卷 594-608页

作者： DING Jinchen CHEN Yunzhi WANG Xiaoqin CAO Meiqin Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

land degradation has a major impact on environmental and socio-economic sustainability. Scientific methods are necessary to monitor the risk of land degradation. In this study, the environmental sensitive area index(ESAI) was utilized to assess land degradation sensitivity and convergence analysis in Korla, a typical oasis city in Xinjiang of China, which is located on the northeast border of the Tarim Basin. A total of 18 indicators depicting soil, climate, vegetation, and management qualities were used to illustrate spatial-temporal patterns of land degradation sensitivity from 1994 to 2018. We investigated the causes of spatial convergence and divergence based on the Ordinary Least Squares(OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) models. The results show that the branch of the Tianshan Mountains and oasis plain had a low sensitivity to land degradation, while the Tarim Basin had a high risk of land degradation. More than two-thirds of the study area can be categorized as "critical" sensitivity classes. The largest percentage(32.6%) of fragile classes was observed for 2006. There was no significant change in insensitive or low-sensitivity areas, which accounted for less than 0.4% of the entire observation period. The ESAI of the four time periods(1994–1998, 1998–2006, 2006–2010, and 2010–2018) formed a series of convergence patterns. The convergence patterns of 1994–1998 and 1998–2006 can be explained by the government's efforts to "Returning Farmland to Forests" and other governance projects. In 2006–2010, the construction of afforested work intensified, but industrial development and human activities affected the convergence pattern. The pattern of convergence in most regions between 2010 and 2018 can be attributed to the government's implementation of a series of key ecological protection projects, which led to a decrease in sensitivity to land degradation. The results of this study altogether suggest that the ESAI convergence analysis is an effective e

关键词： land degradation quality index convergence analysis remote sensing environmental sensitive area index Korla

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land degradation, government subsidy, and smallholders＇ conservation decision： the case of the loess plateau in China

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Journal of Zhejiang University Science 2004年第12期5卷 1533-1542页

作者：石敏俊 CHENKevin DepartmentofRuralEconomy UniversityofAlbertaCanada CollegeofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences GraduateSchoolofChineseAcademyofSciencesBeij＇ing100049China／／GraduateSchoolofLifeandEnvironmentalSciencesUniversityofTsukubaJapan

land degradation is one of the severe environmental problems in China. In order to combat land degradation, a soil conservation program was introduced since 2000 to reduce soil erosion by converting slope-cultivated land into forestry and pasture. This paper represents the first systematic attempt to investigate the impact of the soil conservation program on land degradation in the loess plateau. The results indicate that the soil conservation program to convert slope fields into forest or pasture is an effective way to combat soil erosion. However, a subsidy that is higher than profit of land use activity of slope fields before their conversion into forest and pasture is needed to encourage farmers to join the conservation program. A policy measure to encourage and assist farmers to develop sedentary livestock by using crops produced from fields as well as fodder and forage grass from the converted slope fields might contribute to combat soil erosion. Increase in off-farm job opportunities may encourage households to reduce cultivation in slope fields. That implies a policy measure to encourage rural urbanization might contribute to combat soil erosion.

关键词： land degradation Soil conservation program land conversion Subsidy Bioeconomic household model Loess plateau

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land degradation Evaluation in North Hebei Province Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2006年第3期4卷 28-36页

作者： Yuan Jinguo Liu Jinsong Wang Wei Niu Zheng State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Hebe[Normal University Shijiazhuang 050016 China

land degradation is one of the serious environmental problems that can lead to poverty, and is especially prominent in eco-fragile areas in developing countries and increases the risk of environmental safety. North Hebei Province belongs to an ecologically fragile region in North China, which has great impact on the eco-safety of Beijing and Tianjin. Using landsat TM data and GIS, this paper evaluates land degradation in North Hebei province of China from the the 1960′s to 1987 and 2000. land use/cover change pattern from 1987 to 2000, its regional difference and forest change characteristics will also be analyzed; soil erosion intensity and arable land suitability were also evaluated. Results revealed that land use/cover pattern in this study area did not change greatly from 1987 to 2000. The structure and function of regional land ecosystem was at a level of local improvement and integral deterioration. land above medium soil erosion intensity reached 21 percent, which was also the area with a serious soil erosion and land degradation problem. Soil erosion and land degradation intensity of grassland was the biggest. For the present arable land, the proportion of high suitability was 13 percent.

关键词： land degradation North Hebei Province soil erosion intensity arable land suitability evaluation

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land degradation and integrated watershed management in India

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2013年第1期1卷 49-57页

作者： Suraj Bhan Soil Conservation Society of India National Societies Block A/G-4National Agricultural Science Centre Complex(NASC)DPS Marg(Pusa)New Delhi-110012

In view of the stagnating productivity levels of irrigated agriculture,the contribution from rainfed agriculture should be increased to meet the requirements from the ever growing human and animal population of *** degradation is a major threat to our food and environment security and the extent of degradation problems are more pronounced in rainfed *** potential of rainfed agriculture is untapped largely due to lack of enabling policy support and *** drought-prone rainfed areas,watershed management has shown the potential of doubling the agricultural productivity,increase in water availability,restoration of ecological balance in the degraded rainfed ecosystems by greening these areas and diversification of cropping farming *** of various watershed programmes can be substantially enhanced by developing new approaches and enabling policies new paradigm based on learnings over last 30 years for people-centric holistic watershed management involving convergence,collective action,consortium approach,capacity development to address equity,efficiency,environment and economic concerns is urgently ***,this can be used as entry point activity for improving livelihood for rural *** has been realized that for sustainable developments of degraded lands,involvement of people(land less and beneficiaries)is very much *** the last decade efforts have been made institutionalize the organizations of the community&beneficiaries and ensuring their involvement in planning project formulation,implementation and *** of India has launched various centre-sector,state-sector and foreign aided schemes for prevention of land degradation,reclamation of special problem areas for ensuring productivity of the land,preservation of land resources and improvement of ecology and *** schemes are being implemented on watershed basis in rainfed *** conservation measures and reclamation of degrade

关键词： land degradation Soil and water conservation Rainfed agriculture land productivity Watershed People’s involvement Reclamation Monitoring&evaluation

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A comprehensive method for refining essential SDGs variables for land degradation monitoring based on the DPSIR framework

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 741-761页

作者： Yijing Zhao Xuesheng Zhao Deqin Fan Yue Qiu College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beiing)Bejjing.People's Republic of China

The United Nations adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)to address societal,economic and environmental sustainability *** efficiency of SDGs monitoring could be improved by essential variables(EVs),which can help to better deal with massive data,interdisciplinary knowledge and ***,in practice,effectively combining EVs with SDGs monitoring remains *** this paper,we proposed a refining method of essential SDGs variables(ESDGVs)to land ***,we selected northwest China as our experimental region and extracted a group of variables related to land degradation from SDG indicators based on the DPSIR ***,we identify the essential ones using a combined qualitative and quantitative methods with the criteria of feasibility,spatialization,and relevance which considered the issues of data acquisition,monitoring scale,and closeness to the land ***,we analysed the monitoring role of *** show that,compared to conventional observations,ESDGVs facilitate the monitoring and evaluation of regional SDGs with reduced *** both climate and human activities have a facilitating or inhibiting effect on land degradation *** the future,we hope to have more mature data sets and consider adding more SDG indicators for ESDGVs’refinement.

关键词： Essential SDGs variables land degradation DPSIR framework comprehensive methods northwest China

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Determinants and rates of land degradation： Application of stationary time-series model to data from a semi-arid environment in Kenya

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Journal of Arid land 2018年第1期10卷 1-11页

作者： kevin z mganga dickson m nyariki nashon k r musimba dorothy a amwata department of range and wildlife sciences south eastern kenya university170-90200 KituiKenya department of agricultural economics and agribusiness south eastern kenya university170-90200 KituiKenya school of business and economics murangáuniversity of technology75-10200 MurangaKenya

The causes of land degradation in the African drylands have been shown to vary. Some researchers consider climate to be the major contributor to degradation, with anthropogenic factors playing a minor role. Others reverse the significance of these two factors. A third group attributes land degradation to climate and anthropogenic factors equally. This study was undertaken to establish the factors influencing land degradation in a semi-arid environment in southeastern Kenya and the rate of change in vegetation types for a period of 35 years （1973-2007）. The reduction in grassland cover was used as an indicator of land degradation. Causes of land degradation were determined by a multiple regression analysis. A log-linear regression analysis was used to establish the rate of vegetation change. The multiple and log-linear regression analyses showed：（1） woody vegetation, livestock population and cultivated area to be the main contributors of reduction in grassland cover in the area, and （2） an increase in undesirable woody species, livestock population and cultivated area had a significant （P〈0.05） negative effect on grassland vegetation. Increased human population, low amounts of rainfall and drought showed no significant negative effect on grassland vegetation cover. In conclusion, human and livestock population growth and increased agricultural land have contributed to intensive crop cultivation and overgrazing in the semi-arid lands. This overuse of the semi-arid rangelands has worsened the deterioration of the natural grassland vegetation.

关键词： regression analysis land degradation grassland cover semi-arid Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa

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Dynamics of Communal land degradation and Its Implications in the Arid Mountains of Pakistan:A Study of District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkuwa

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 485-495页

作者： Iffat TABASSUM Fazlur RAHMAN Fazlul HAQ Institute of Geography Urban & Regional Planning University of Peshawar

Similar to other areas of Pakistan, land resources in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP) is kept under various ownership regimes for socio-economic and ecological benefits. For the last three to four decades, communal lands and resources are subjected to high rate of degradation and deterioration, which is leading to multifarious socio-economical and ecological implications. This paper intends to look into factors that are responsible for the degradation of communal land and the adaptability of the management mechanisms developed by the local inhabitants to conserve these resources. Moreover, this study also explores the sustainability of these adopted strategies in present circumstances. Data regarding socio-economic parameters of the inhabitants and their interactions with communal lands were collected through questionnaire cum interview method. As long-term climatic data for the area do not exist therefore focus group discussions were conducted to document the changing trend in rainfall regimes and temperature variations for the last about four decades. Results indicate that communal lands are highly vulnerable to degradation due to biophysical and anthropogenic factors. Local inhabitants have developed suitable measures to control the situation, however, accelerated socioeconomic transformations in the area have weakened the role of local institutions and that led to further degradation of these resources. Nevertheless, a number of locally formulated rules have been revived and implemented and it is hoped that these threatened resources would be conserved.

关键词： Communal lands land degradation Climatic variability Adopted strategies Dry areas

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land degradation AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN THE ARID AND SEMI ARID AREAS OF CHINA

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1997年第4期7卷 22-35页

作者： Leng Shuying Zheng Du Institute of Geography, CAS, Beijing 100101 People’s Republic of China

hina is a large country with varied physical environments. Some of them are quite fragile and susceptible to land degradation, such as the arid and semiarid areas, as well as the slopeland of extensive mountain and hilly areas. Therefore, human actions play a significant role in desertification processes. It was estimated that there are 3,327,000 km 2 of desertified areas in China, in which 1,533,000 km 2 are desert, gobi and sandy desertified areas. Most of them are in arid, semiarid and dry sub humid areas in northern China. Soil salinization is another kind of land desertification. It was estimated that about one fifth of the 66,700 km 2 of farmlands have been affected by soil salinization to certain extent. Grassland degradation is also serious in China. The main problems are the reduction of bio mass, decline of preferred species and soil erosion induced by overgrazing. In Inner Mongolia the area of degraded grasslands occupies 43.8 percent of the total available area of the grasslands. The productivity of grasslands in Tibet has decreased by 20 - 50 percent [21]. Soil and water erosion is more serious in China. Based on remote sensing general survey initiated by Ministry of Water Resources in 1992, the total soil eroded area is 3,670,000 km 2, occupying 38.2 percent of the total territorial area, in which 1,790,000 km 2 is water eroded area and 1,880,000 km 2 is wind eroded area.

关键词： land degradation land management arid and semi arid area China

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Factor influencing land degradation sensitivity and desertification in a drought prone watershed in Thailand

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第2期9卷 217-228页

作者： Saowanee Wijitkosum Environmental Research Institute Chulalongkorn University Phayathai RoadPathumwanBangkok10330Thailand

This study aimed to assess land degradation sensitivity of an area contributing to desertification risk in Lam Ta Kong Watershed using Environmental Sensitivity Area Index(ESAI).Five risk factors comprised climatic,soil,geographical,land utilization and vegetation,and water resources factors together with fifteen sub-factors were used to analyze the sensitivity to land *** spatial analysis was calculated using Geographic Information System(GIS)and Remote Sensing(RS)*** key factors influencing land degradation risks in the watershed area were analyzed using the triangular fuzzy numbers(TFNs)*** results showed that approximately 33%of Lam Ta Kong watershed was affected by a high desertification risk excluded the water bodies and around 24.64%of the area suffered from a moderate *** research pointed out that key factors causing land degradation and desertification in the watershed area were related to the soil factors,followed by climatic,geographical factors,water resources,and land utilization and vegetation,*** results of this study can be used as a database for planning and implementing area-based mitigations and measures as well as for land use planning in the watershed area.

关键词： land degradation Desertification Critical factor Medalus Triangular fuzzy numbers

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land degradation AND ITS CONTROL STRATEGIES IN CHINA

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1997年第2期7卷 1-12页

作者： Yang Chaofei Dapartment of Natural Conservation, National Environmental Protection Agency, Beijing 100035 People’s Republic of China

Human induced land degradation refers to decline or loss of biological or economic productivity resulting from a process or combination of processes, including displacement of soil matreial, terrain deformation and loss of nutrients and/or orgnic matter through wind erosion, water erosion, secondary salinization and pollution. Wind erosion is a major problem in the dry land of China and the area of sandy desertified land caused by wind erosion has reached 371,000 km 2. Water erosion frequently occurs in hilly and mountainous areas where 1.79 million km 2 of land have been observed and degraded land area affected by secondary salinization now covers 63,000 km 2 in China. Statistical data indicated that depletion of soil nutriution is a serious problem in China. Some 460,000 km 2 of cultivated or 46 percent of the total cultivated land area is deficient in P, and 330,000 km 2 of cultivated land or one-third of nation′s total is deficient in K. Adverse human activities are recognized as a principal reason of land degradation. In northern China, 30.1 percent of land degradation caused by over grazing, 26.9 percent by over reclamation, 33.7 percent by excessive fuel collection, 9.6 percent by mis-use of water resources, as well as 0.7 percent by industrial, mining and transportation construction. In southern China, 37 percent of degraded land caused by deforestation, 35 percent by slopeland reclamation, 18 percent by improper afforestation, and 10 percent by industrial, mining and transportation construction. Following the discussion of the causes and disasters of land degradation, this paper presents the achievements gained in prevention and control of land degradation since 1949. The several control strategic measures in combating land degradation such as prompting public awareness and people's participation, strengthening national laws and policies formulation, carrying out projects on rehabilization and monitoring, are proposed by the end of this paper.

关键词： China land degradation current status causes disaster achievements strategies.

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