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Role of Gender Towards Income Generation： An Impact Analysis of land acquisition in West Bengal, India

Sociology Study 2016年第10期6卷 639-652页

作者： Arup Majumder Jadav-pur University Kolkata West Bengal India

One of the principal fundamentals of post-independence development projects in India has been land acquisition. Most of these projects have caused major changes in land use, leading to dispossession and displacement of a large number of people and their involuntary resettlement in other areas. Development induced displacement brings loss of productive assets, dismantling of social networks, destruction of ancestral property, and even increased morbidity and mortality rates in some instances. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore further the micro-level impact of agricultural land acquisition on livelihood pattern of both genders to the establishment of the industry on the fertile agricultural land in the k＇haragpur subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district in the early 1990s with the cooperation of West Bengal Government, India. land acquisition without any policy of rehabilitation caused not only landlessness but also created joblessness among the affected population and at the family level, it has resulted food insecurity and increased workload among the women. The women on the other hand made desperate attempts to cope up the burden by working within and outside the domestic domain.

关键词： land acquisition gender development induced displacement industry agricultural land

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Impact of land acquisition on the Sustainable Livelihoods in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam

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Sociology Study 2016年第11期6卷 737-743页

作者： Ngo Thi Phuong Thao The National Economics University Vietnam

The concept of sustainable livelihood is an attempt to go beyond the conventional definitions and approaches to poverty eradication. These had been found to be too narrow because they focused only on certain aspects or manifestations of poverty, such as low income, or did not consider other vital aspects of poverty such as vulnerability and social exclusion. It is now recognized that more attention must be paid to the various factors and processes which either constrain or enhance poor people＇s ability to make a living in an economically, ecologically, and socially sustainable manner. Construction of nuclear power plants in Vietnam is in the first step of implementing and will be allocated in Thuan Nam and Ninh Hai districts, Ninh Thuan province, an agricultural and poor province in Vietnam. This requires a large area of land mobilized, thus a part of popupation living in the project area has to move far away. Besides the positive effects of this project, there are significantly negative impacts on the people living in the project areas and nearby, and their livelihoods are seriously affected. This paper aims at assessing the impact of the nuclear power plants construction on the livelihoods of people in two districts in Ninh Thuan province, in order to have mechanisms and policies to support reasonably and effectively, contributing to stabilize people＇s lives and local development.

关键词： Sustainable livelihood land acquisition compensation resettlement

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Old Age Security: A Case from Rural Suzhou

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China & World Economy 2006年第2期14卷 67-78页

作者： Ling Zhu Senior Fellow Institute of Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing China.

During the course of urbanization and industrialization, a growing number of farmers have become landless as local governments have bought out their land for non-agricultural uses. Even in the localities where the industrialization process absorbs a vast majority of rural labor, the questions of how to compensate for the economic shock on the rural landless and how to alleviate and eliminate mental suffering as a result of losing land have always been a challenge to government capacity in social stabilization and a yardstick to measure social justice in local communities. In the administration areas of Suzhou City in Jiangsu Province, governments at all levels have successfully coped with this challenge. By means of ＂swapping land for old-age support＂ and income redistribution, Suzhou municipality has not only met the demand on land for urbanization and industrialization while maintaining social stability, but also laid a foundation for establishing an integrated pension system for both urban and rural residents. Such a system has changed the tradition of farmers＇ households relying on land to deal with economic risk and of the aged depending on their sons for livelihood support in rural society.

关键词： community services land acquisition pension insurance

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村社消解背景下失地农民的日常抗争

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社会学 2015年第2期 1-11页

作者：朱静辉马洪君

以土地被征收型农村社区的失地农民行为作为研究对象，对失地农民与村社集体的关系互动作一长时段的梳理。征地型社区的国家强势介入导致村民无力与国家对抗，但在与集体互动中，村民却不断产生日常抗争来追求集体收益的再分配。失地农... 详细信息

以土地被征收型农村社区的失地农民行为作为研究对象，对失地农民与村社集体的关系互动作一长时段的梳理。征地型社区的国家强势介入导致村民无力与国家对抗，但在与集体互动中，村民却不断产生日常抗争来追求集体收益的再分配。失地农民的日常抗争是特定背景下的自我利益争取，是在社区解构中追求确定性的风险防范逻辑。抗争的前提是村社无法保护村民，只能通过自身利益的套现获得安全感。国家的行政吸纳、乡村利益共同体生成以及村庄结构分化等多种力量的交融中，村落共同体瓦解，村社集体作为村社村民的保障和公共服务职能流失，村社归属感消逝，失地型农民的合作性资源动员能力也被消解。作为失去土地的单个个体被甩入市场，农民产生了个人主义的行动导向，正是这一个体主义取向坚定和明确了失地农民坚持村社集体资产的均分原则，坚持个体自我利益索取的导向。

关键词：村社消解土地征收日常抗争个体主义失地农民 declining local community land acquisition everyday contention individualism land-lost peasants

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