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laccases from Actinobacteria—What We Have and What to Expect

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第6期4卷 285-296页

作者： Tatiana Alves Rigamonte Fernandes Wendel Batista da Silveira Flávia Maria Lopes Passos Tiago Domingues Zucchi Embrapa Meio Ambiente Rodovia SP 340JaguariúnaBrazil Departamento de Microbiologia BIOAGROUniversidade Federal de ViçosaCampus UniversitarioVicosaBrazil

laccases are blue multicopper enzymes, capable of oxidizing diverse aromatic and non-aromatic compounds of industrial interest, concomitantly with reduction of molecular oxygen to water. Tolerance to extreme conditions, such as high temperature, salinity or extreme pH, is required for practical industrial applications. Here we focus on bacterial laccases from the phylum Actinobacteria, notably the order Actinomycetales. Currently, less than 10 enzymes have been properly characterized, all belonging to genus Streptomyces, but it is noteworthy that all of them have exhibited industrially important properties. Furthermore, studies with enzymes from this phylum revealed a novel molecular structure of laccases, providing the basis for a distinct family, the two-domain laccases. The relevant traits of actinomycetes laccases emphasize the need for more studies involving the isolation of this bacterial group from lignin-rich environmental samples, detection of their laccase activity and thereafter, characterization of the proteins and related genes. The nonhomogeneous responses of actinomycetes laccases to traditional inhibitors, substrates or metal ions have challenged the currently accepted “laccase concept”. Finally, considering that distinguishing laccase activity in vitro from other ligninolytic enzymes becomes a difficult task due to overlaps in catalytical properties of the enzymes, we proposed a simple flow chart to help experimental assays.

关键词： Actinomycetes Lignin Degradation Multicopper Oxidase laccases

Genome-wide and transcriptional analysis of laccases in Ganoderma lucidum

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Genome-wide and transcriptional analysis of laccases in Gano...

Biotransformation and degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by microbial metabolism and their interaction

中药与天然药高峰论坛暨第十二届全国中药和天然药物学术研讨会

作者： Xiaolan Xu~1,Liu He~1,Hongmei Luo~1,Shilin Chen~(*1,2) 1 Institute of Medicinal Plant Development(IMPLAD),Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China 2 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China

Ganoderma lucidum,a wood-rotting fungi,has been used as medicinal mushroom for treating many diseases such as cancer,tumor,hepatitis,chronic bronchitis,gastritis and so *** addition,*** is a kind of white-rot basidiomycetes that could cause ***(EC 1.***.3.2)is a multi-copper blue oxidase that distribute widely in plants and *** research indicate that they have multiple laccase isozymes and some have been purified.A new genome-wide analysis of laccases was performed in *** the present study,a detailed analysis of thirteen laccases was *** them,there are three laccases were previous reported(lacc1,lacc2, lacc3).We investigated the laccases gene expression in different period of growth including the mycelia,primordia,and fruiting bodies in *** by using reverse transcription(RT)-PCR. Lastly,homologous laccase sequences were retrieved from NCBI and JGI web *** sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees were *** comparison was explored to understand the functional diversities in basidiomycetes.

关键词： laccases genome-wide gene expression Ganoderma lucidum

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第2期14卷 151-164页

作者： mónica y. serrano-gonzález rashmi chandra carlos castillo-zacarias felipe robledo-padilla magdalena de j. rostro-alanis roberto parra-saldivar Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and ScienceCampus MonterreyAve.Eugenio Garza Sada 2501MonterreyN.L.CP 64849Mexico

2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT) and its derivatives are nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds having chemical and thermal stability at ambient temperature and pressure. TNT has high toxicity and mutagenic activity to humans, plants and animals, thus decontamination processes are necessary. Many microorganisms are capable to bioremediate TNT such as bacteria from the genera Pseudomonas,Enterobacter, Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium, Clostridium and Desulfovibrio: fungus such as Phanerochate and Stropharia species are able to perform TNT biotransformation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In this work we review the state of TNT biodegradation by various routes: aerobic, anaerobic,combined, fungal, enzymatic, and bio-electrochemical.

关键词： laccases Aerobic degradation Anaerobic degradation Fungal TNT degradation

Multiple factors correlating with wing malformations in the population of Parnassius apollo (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) restituted from a low number of individuals: A mini review

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Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 380-387页

作者： Karolina Pierzynowska Marta Skowron Volponi Grzegorz Wegrzyn Department of Molecular Biology University of Gdansk Gdansk Poland

The Apollo butterfly, Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus), was common in Europe over 100 years ago, but currently it is considered as near threatened. Different conservation programs have promoted the persistence of this species;however, it is still endangered. An example of such programs was the action devoted to reestablish the Apollo butterfly population in Pieniny National Park (Poland) from only 20-30 individuals which had survived till the last decade of the 20th century. This reintroduction has been successful;however, unexpected developmental problems appeared. Butterflies with deformed or reduced wings became frequent in the population living in the natural habitat, and particularly among those reared under seminatural conditions (in the same environment, but fenced by a net). Until recently, reasons for these malformations remained unknown. However, reports published during last months indicated that there are genetic, biochemical, and microbiological factors contributing to this phenomenon. In the malformed individuals, lesions in the wingless gene and dysfunctions of laccase 1 and 2 were found to be significantly more frequent than in normal insects. A large fraction of butterflies with deformed or reduced wings was devoid of the prokaryotic symbiont Wolbachia, which was present in most normal individuals. Moreover, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Pfeiffer) Smith and Thai, and Serratia sp., bacteria pathogenic to insects, were detected in the biological material from both normal and malformed butterflies from this population. These findings are summarized and discussed in this review, in the light of conservation of insects and restitution of their populations from a low number of individuals.

关键词： Apollo butterfly laccases malformed wings population reconstitution wingless gene Wolbachia

Enzymatic synthesis of bioactive compounds by Rhus laccase from Chinese Rhus vernicifera

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Science China Chemistry 2007年第2期50卷 179-182页

作者： AKIYAMA Kazuhiro MIYAKOSHI Tetsuo Department of Industrial Chemistry School of Science and TechnologyMeiji UniversityHigashi-mitaTama-kuKawasaki 214Japan

A simple one step synthesis of pinoresinol and its derivatives-active components of Du-Zhong(Eu-commia ulmoides) -from coniferyl alcohol and p-courmaryl alcohol with higher yields was achieved by Rhus laccases(RL) catalysis in water miscible organic solvents. Biomacromolecules dehydro-genative polymers(DHP) were only synthesized by fungal laccases,not by RL. The structures and the reaction mechanism were discussed to promote the understanding of the function of laccases in the process of lignin biosynthesis.

关键词： lignan laccases pinoresinol dehydrogenative polymers enzymatic mechanism

Microbial enzyme systems for lignin degradation and their transcriptional regulation

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Frontiers in Biology 2014年第6期9卷 448-471页

作者： Takanori FURUKAWA Fatai Olumide BELLO Louise HORSFALL School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JR UK

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable resource in nature and has received considerable attention as one of the most promising alternatives to oil resources for the provision of energy and certain raw materials. The phenolic polymer lignin is the second most abundant constituent of this biomass resource and has been shown to have the potential to be converted into industrially important aromatic chemicals after degradation. However, due to its chemical and structural nature, it exhibits high resistance toward mechanical, chemical, and biological degradation, and this causes a major obstacle for achieving efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. In nature, lignin-degrading microorganisms have evolved unique extracellular enzyme systems to decompose lignin using radical mediated oxidative reactions. These microorganisms produce a set of different combinations of enzymes with multiple isozymes and isoforms by responding to various environmental stimuli such as nutrient availability, oxygen concentration and temperature, which are thought to enable effective decomposition of the lignin in iignocellulosic biomass. In this review, we present an overview of the microbial ligninolytic enzyme systems including general molecular aspects, structural features, and systematic differences in each microorganism. We also describe the gene expression pattern and the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of each ligninolytic enzyme with current data.

关键词： lignocellulose biorefinery lignin degradation lignin peroxidases manganese peroxidases versatile peroxidases laccases

Film Forming Mechanisms of Natural Lacquer from Chinese Lac Trees by Pyrolysis Gas-chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

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Film Forming Mechanisms of Natural Lacquer from Chinese Lac ...