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Effect of Hyoscine Butyl Bromide on the Course of labour

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第12期8卷 1102-1108页

作者： Dauda Deba Barau Eyaofun Teddy Agida Olatunde Onafowokan Francis Olayemi Adebayo Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Abuja-FCT Nigeria

Background: Hyoscine butyl bromide (Buscopan) is being used as an agent for reducing the duration of labour. There are however conflicting results on the effect of this agent on cervical dilation. Materials and Methods: This was an open label clinical trial of one hundred and thirty two (132) pregnant women in labour. Women were grouped to receive either 20 mg of hyoscine butyl bromide intramuscularly at the onset of active phase labour or placebo “Normal saline”. The main outcome measure was to compare the duration of first stage labour in the study and control groups as well as feto-maternal outcomes. Relevant data were collected using a proforma. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: A total of 132 were randomised and 123 yielded for analysis. Of these 59 received hyoscine butyl bromide and 64 received placebo. There was no significant difference in the mean duration of active labour to second stage between the drug and placebo arms (312.5 versus 305.3 minutes, respectively, P = 0.788). The feto-maternal outcomes were similar between both arms. Conclusion: Hyoscine butyl bromide does not shorten the duration of labour in spontaneous labour. It also does not change feto-maternal outcomes.

关键词： Hyoscine Butyl Bromide labour Prolonged labour

Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Following labour at Term in Singleton Pregnancies with Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid: A Prospective Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第9期8卷 790-802页

作者： Julius Sama Dohbit Evelyne M. Mah Felix Essiben Edmond Mesumbe Nzene Esther U. N. Meka Pascal Foumane Joel Noutakdie Tochie Benjamin Momo Kadia Felix A. Elong Philip Njotang Nana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Central Hospital of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Foumbot District Hospital Foumbot Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is frequently encountered in obstetric practice. Literature on the subject is still poorly documented in the African setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes in case of meconium stained amniotic fluid observed during term labour. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study enrolling all consenting pregnant women with term singleton fetus in cephalic presentation admitted for labour with ruptured fetal membranes in the maternity units of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) and the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH) of Cameroon between December 2014 and April 2015. The exposed grouped was considered as participants having MSAF, while the non-exposed group comprised those with clear amniotic fluid (CAF). The two groups were monitored during labor using the WHO partograph, and then followed up till 72 hours after delivery. Variables studied included the colour and texture of amniotic fluid as well as maternal and fetal complications. Data was analyzed using Epi-info version 3.5.4. The chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests were appropriately used to compare the two groups. A p-value less than 5% was considered statistically significant. Results: 2376 vaginal deliveries were recorded during the study period among which MSAF was observed in 265 cases, hence a prevalence rate of MSAF of 11.15%. Among these cases of MSAF, 52.1% was thick meconium and 47.9% was light meconium. Maternal morbidity was high in the group with MSAF;these included: Higher proportions of caesarean delivery (RR = 2.35 p -4) and prolonged labor (RR = 3 p -4). In this same group, the incidences of chorioamnionitis and puerperal sepsis were low (0.94% and 0.70% respectively), although there was a three-fold higher risk that was not statistically significant (RR = 3, P = 0.31). Fetal and neonatal outcomes were poorer in the MSAF group compared to the CAF group. The c

关键词： Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid labour Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes

Migration, Gender, and the Hospitality Industry: Exploring the Use of Female Emotional labour Within the Hospitality Industry

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Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 2020年第4期8卷 150-160页

作者： Ali Abdallah Gulbahar Abdallah Stenden University of Applied Sciences DohaQatar

Emotional labour is an important aspect of the service sector as it is related to the psychological wellbeing of employees and organisational ***,this research examines motivations behind female migration and impacts of emotional labour within the hotel *** labour is linked to employee motivations and employee performances within the hotel industry to illustrate the length of emotion applied by female migrants while conducting their duties in hotels,the consequence of which causes female migrant workers larger emotional burnout than their fellow male *** topic is critically reviewed based on available literature discussing this topic.

关键词： emotional labour female employment female migration hospitality industry

Trial of labour after Caesarean Section: A 5-Year Review

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第12期8卷 1121-1129页

作者： Francis Olayemi Adebayo Rafat Bolanle Muhammad Nathaniel Adewole Adedeji Oyeniyi Adesope Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Abuja-FCT Nigeria

Background: Trial of labour after Caesarean section (TOLAC) refers to an attempt at vaginal delivery after a previous caesarean section. Outcome is influenced by a number of factors which are important in patient’s selection. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the incidence and feto-maternal outcome of the practice of Trial of labour after Caesarean section. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of cases of vaginal birth after Caesarean section Data were retrieved from the case notes of patients who attempted vaginal birth after Caesarean section from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017, a period of five years. Result: There were 10,669 deliveries, 3179 of which were through Caesarean section. This gave a Caesarean section rate of 29.8%. A total of 217 patients attempted vaginal birth after Caesarean section and 83 ended up as repeat Caesarean section (38.2%) while 138 (61.8%) had successful vaginal birth after Caesarean section. Patients with previous vaginal delivery, age range 25 - 29 years and interdelivery interval of greater than or equal to 2 years were more successful at achieving vaginal birth after Caesarean section. The leading indications for the repeat Caesarean section include cephalopelvic disproportion (45.8%), poor progress of labour (19.3%) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (8.4%). Conclusion: Vaginal birth after Caesarean section was successful in most of the parturients that attempted it in this study especially in patients within the age range of 25 - 29 years, those that have had previous vaginal delivery and with interdelivery interval of greater than or equal to 2 years.

关键词： Trial of labour after Caesarean Section Vaginal Birth after Caesarean Section Inter-Delivery Interval

Ultrasound Evaluation of Caesarean Scar of Prelabour and labour Caesarean Sections: A Cross Sectional Analytical Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第7期13卷 1287-1306页

作者： Nisansala Perera Thiran Dias Colombo North Teaching Hospital Ragama Sri Lanka Faculty of Medicine University of Kelaniya Kelaniya Sri Lanka

Caesarean section is dramatically increased throughout the world in recent years. Rupture of the uterus is a devastating complication in trial of labour following previous Caesarean section. Evidence suggests that the size of the uterine scar and the residual myometrial thickness (RMT) are associated directly with the risk of uterine rupture and risk of dehiscence in subsequent deliveries. Impact of the prelabour and labour Cesarean section on the RMT has not been studied in detail. Objectives: To compare RMT, Caesarean scar defects and to evaluate the elasticity of the Caesarean scar between women who underwent prelabour and labour Caesarean sections. Methods: This was a Cross sectional analytical study. Women who underwent Caesarean section in their first pregnancy were recruited. Sample was stratified to prelabour and labour Caesarean section groups. Transvaginal ultrasound scan was performed six months following the Caesarean section. Dimensions of the uterus, uterine scar defect, RMT and elastosonography of the uterine scar were assessed. Results: A total of 240 postpartum women were analyzed. Uterine niche was detectable in 194 subjects. Prelabour CS group had demonstrated 91.7% (n = 110) scar defects (uterine niche) out of 120 cases and the rate among labour CS group was 70% (n = 84). There was a significant difference in the presence of uterine niche among 2 groups as Prelabour group was found to have more scar defects (p mm (SD 1.2) and 4.99 mm (SD 1.3) respectively and there was no significant difference (t = 0.38, p = 0.71). There was no significant difference between the dimensions of the uterine CS defects of the studied groups. Prelabour CS group had significantly higher Target strain [0.28 vs. 0.24 (t = 2.12, p = 0.04)] and significantly less strain ratio [1.45 vs. 1.55 (t -2.42, p = 0.04)] than labour CS group indicating a better scar in prelabour group. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in RMT and uterine scar defects between prelabour

关键词： Caesarean Section Scar Residual Myometrial Thickness labour

Slavery Act:Modification of the Hungarian labour Code--Legal Analysis

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Management Studies 2019年第4期7卷 338-345页

作者： Gábor Kertész International Business School BudapestHungary

In the middle of December 2018,Hungary has suddenly appeared in the headlines of international *** marketing teaches that“all PR is good PR”,as a lawyer,the author thinks it is worth examining the facts behind the catchy headlines well before making our business *** news is based on the amendment of the labour Code,which is called the“Slavery Act”in the *** demonstrations and atrocities reported by the international media have broken out as a result of the interpretation of the amendment by some part of the media,which was recently adopted by *** President of Hungary promulgated the act when this article was *** does the new amendment say?Could an employee become a“slave”of the employer,or rather it would help people’s prosperity by allow them to work more to earn more money?Considering the interests of the citizens/employees,can the choice between adoption or rejection of the law be the only possibility,does the new system also have a third possibility using the law’s and the economy’s own logic,or should only a small“fine-tuning”be implemented on the new system?

关键词： labour law working time frame overwork maximum working time

The effect of introduction of misoprostol for induction of labour on pregnancy in gravidas with pre-eclampsia

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2011年第2期1卷 64-69页

作者： Horace Fletcher Marvin Reid Nadine Johnson Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of the West Indies

Misoprostol has revolutionized labour induction since the early 1990’s, because it is inexpensive and very effective. Eclampsia is common unless the pregnancy can be terminated by induction or by caesarean section. This study was done to determine the impact of Misoprostol used for induction of labour, on the outcome in patients with pre-eclampsia (PE) at the University of the West Indies Kingston Jamaica. This was a retrospective analysis of pre-eclamptic women who were managed before and after the introduction of misoprostol into routine usage for induction of labour. We compared 793 women (controls) in the pre misoprostol era (1986-1991) with 709 in the misoprostol era (1993-1998). Outcome variables were the frequency of mild and severe PE, eclampsia, misoprostol and syntocinon inductions, foetal complications and use of caesarean section (CS). Analysis of frequency of eclampsia, neonatal admissions and CS, during the misoprostol years, was also done to eliminate other confounding variables because of the influence of each era. Logistic regression was used to determine the impact of all variables. In comparison to controls, patients induced in the misoprostol years had a greater incidence of severe PE (p < 0.05), neonatal admissions (p = 0.007), foetal distress (p < 0.05);a higher CS rate (p < 0.05);but fewer oxytocin inductions (p < 0.05). However, sub group analysis of the misoprostol years alone, showed a reduction in the incidence of CS, eclampsia, and neonatal admissions in women who were induced with misoprostol (p < 0.05). Logistic regression revealed a lower odds of CS delivery (OR 0.867, 95% confidence interval .02, .37) using misoprostol. These findings suggest that in patients with PE, induction of labor with Misoprostol had a beneficial effect on pregnancy outcome with a decreased incidence of CS, eclampsia and neonatal admissions, but it has not had a significant impact on the main problems in these patients between the two eras as other factors may

关键词： Misoprostol Eclampsia labour Induction

Institutions,labour and the Global South

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Institutions,Labour and the Global South

Integrating Mechanical Weeding and Planting for Reduced labour Input in Paddy Rice under System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

2012 International Conference on Social Science and Humanity (ICSSH 2012)

作者： Timothy Kerswe

This article examines the institutionalist tradition as it concerns the study of the conditions of *** literature has largely been devoted to analysis of the global North and experiences of the welfare *** institutionalist framework is proposed analyses and accounts for conditions in the global *** demonstrates that an institutionalist framework can predict and explain conditions through reference to political power and economic ***,a combination of political repression,politics vetoing change,a weakness of organized labour and a weak position in terms of economic structure generate lower levels of wages and working conditions in the global *** institutionalist framework is therefore a useful and valid perspective for policy makers and activists alike.

关键词： Institutional Political Economy Global South Third World labour

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第2期10卷 121-130页

作者： Mercy Kangai Kathia Bancy Mati Jackline Ndiiri Raphael Wanjogu Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Mwea Irrigation Agricultural Development Centre (MIAD) National Irrigation Board Wanguru Kenya

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has been attributed to improvement in rice production with various attributes being accrued from application of the SRI Principles. The most notable are savings on water use and increase in yield. Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) has also paved way for mechanical weed control in paddy fields. One of the major constraints to adoption of SRI is the perceived increased labour input due to the careful transplanting and frequent weed control. This paper evaluates the effect of mechanization on labour input in SRI in comparison to the less mechanized farmer practice. In attempt to reduce drudgery in transplanting under SRI, the drum seeder was used to establish the rice crop by direct seeding. This was then followed by using SRI practices i.e. AWD and mechanical weeding. Direct seeding using a drum seeder was compared to transplanting in both SRI and the common farmer practice. Hand weeding was also evaluated and compared to mechanical weeding. labour input cost was also compared to the income accrued from the yields. From the study, it was noted that direct seeding using the drum seeder reduced labour input by 97% compared to transplanting. This was possible in that in direct seeding, and there was no nursery preparation and management as in transplanting. The use of a mechanical weeder reduced labour input by 28.3% in relation to hand weeding. labour input cost for SRI was cheaper (Kshs. 124,080 per hectare) compared to the common farmer practice (Kshs. 139,117.50 per hectare). There was more yield from the SRI practice (2.75 Ton/ha) compared to the common farmer practice (1.88 Ton/ha).

关键词： SRI labour Input Direct Seeding Mechanical Weeding Mwea