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The Significance of the Historical Materialist View of labor in the New Era

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学术界 2020年第11期 210-217页

作者： Su Li Li Guihua School of Marxism Liaoning University Shenyang Liaoning 110036 School of Marxism Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012

labor has the core significance in the philosophy of historical materialism.Its concept of labor defines the nature of labor,affirms the decisive role of labor for human and social progress,demonstrates the form,intrinsic quality and inevitable result of labor under the capitalist economic system,and looks forward to the ultimate liberation of human beings brought by labor in Communist society in the future.The whole social life of each particular era is fundamentally determined by labor,and labor is the final basis for historical materialism to divide the times.In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,historical materialism’s labor concept points out the fundamental way to realize individual value and all-round development,provides a reference path for the development of grassroots democracy,and guides the practice of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

关键词： labor historical materialist view of labor the New Era significance

Untying the Two “Deadlocks”of labor Contract Law Is Necessary for the Recovery of Chinese Economy

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学术界 2017年第11期 268-277页

作者： Liu Dawei School of Social Development East China Normal University

labor Contract Law receives mixed evaluations since its implementation.The call for the amendment is hot and even some scholars regard it as the"tiger in the road"which hinders the economic development. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pays high attention to the construction of harmonious labor relation and the amendment has been a top priority. labor Contract Law leads to two"deadlocks"of which the entrepreneurs are afraid. The first one is that the non-fixed term labor contract cannot be cancelled and the second one is that they must pay the economic compensation at the expiration of contract. These two rules hinder the employment enthusiasm of entrepreneurs. The current laws have excessive expectation for the non-fixed term labor contract and too strict regulations; as for the economic compensation at the expiration of contract, it increases the enterprise cost. The amendment of these two articles will benefit the recovery of Chinese economy and make the labor relation more harmonious.

关键词： labor Contract Law non-fixed term labor contract termination of labor contract economic compensation

The Particularity of the Development of labor Relationship in the 70-Year History of the People’s Republic of China

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学术界 2019年第11期 207-214页

作者： Liu Dawei School of Social Development East China Normal University

The past seven decades witnesses a stage marked by"ossification-consolidation-emptiness"as regards domestic labor relationship.It is highly probable that China is to be inaugurated by the stage of"falsification"in forthcoming days.A major cause is rooted in that labor relationship is the output of economic development that would request that labor relationship chime with it.The development course of labor relationship since the founding of PRC explicitly evinces that"flexibility"might be incurred in case labor relationship fails to align with economic development and with demands of marketing competitiveness.It might even propel main bodies of labor relationship to circumvent labor laws,as is verified by prevalence of large-scaled labor dispatching,and of"labor dispatching under the disguise of outsourcing".Lawmakers thus need to further ruminate over degree of tolerance on labor legislation.

关键词： 70-year history labor relationship flexible employment

Comparison of transvaginal cervical length and modified Bishop's score as predictors for labor induction in nulliparous women

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2019年第1期8卷 34-38页

作者： El Mekkawi SF Hanafi S Khalaf-Allah AE Ibrahim A.Abdelazim Mohammed EK Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ain Shams UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ahmadi HospitalKuwait Oil CompanyAhmadiKuwait Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ministry of Health and PopulationCairoEgypt

Objective: To compare the transvaginal cervical length (TVCL) to the modified Bishop's score for prediction of successful labor induction in nulliparous women. Methods: A total of 210 nulliparous women who were diagnosed as premature rupture of membranes were recruited in this comparative prospective study, which was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Ain Shams University, Egypt over two years for labor induction. The studied women were examined by trans-vaginal ultrasound for measurement of the cervical length (CL) and vaginally to calculate the modified Bishop's score, followed by induction of labor. Collected data were analyzed to compare the TVCL to the modified Bishop's score for prediction of successful labor induction in nulliparous women. The success of induction process was defined as vaginal birth after the induction of labor. Results: One hundred and forty-three women of studied women had CL 4;128 of them delivered vaginally (P=0.006). The CL labor induction compared to modified Bishop's score. Induction to delivery time was significantly shorter in women with CL 4 than women with Bishop's score of 曑4 (P=0.01;95% confidence interval: 1.6-4.5). Conclusions: Both TVCL and the modified Bishop's score are complementary tools in pre-induction cervical assessment before induction of labor, while the TVCL at <28 mm is significantly more specific with more positive predictive value as predictor of successful induction than the modified Bishop's score.

关键词： Cervical length labor induction Modified Bishop's score

Comparison of Bishop score and cervical length measurement through transvaginal ultrasound as prediction against labor induction

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2018年第6期7卷 280-284页

作者： Finianty Raynelda Efendi Lukas Sriwijaya Qadar Maisuri T Chalid Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HasanuddinMakassarIndonesia Wahidin Sudirohusodi Hospital MakassarIndonesia

Objective:To compare the Bishop score and cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasound concerned with prediction over the success of labor induction.Methods:This cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted from May 2017 to October 2017 at several teaching hospitals of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University of Makassar, India. There were 110 samples of pregnant women undergoing labor induction process including 79 samples of successful induction and 31 samples of induction failure. The data analysis used Pearson Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression to see the effect of Bishop score and measurement of cervical length with successful induction of labor.Results: Number of samples with successful labor induction with Bishop score labor induction with cervical length≤2.98 cm was 12 (15.2%) and cervical length >2.98 cm was 67 (84.8%), with rate ratio=3.124 andP=0.000. Multivahate analysis of logistic regression was found to be more influential in the predicted success of labor induction (P=0.014 with Bishop score labor induction compared to the measurement of cervical length through transvaginal ultrasound.

关键词： Bishop score Cervical length labor induction Transvaginal ultrasound

Predicting Birth-Related Levator Ani Tear Severity in Primiparous Women: Evaluating Maternal Recovery from labor and Delivery (EMRLD Study)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第6期4卷 266-278页

作者： Lisa Kane Low Ruth Zielinski Yebin Tao Andrzej Galecki Catherine J. Brandon Janis M. Miller Department of Radiology School of Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA School of Nursing University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA

Objective: To determine which maternal characteristics or birth events independently predict severity of levator ani muscle (LA) tears at first vaginal birth in a longitudinal/observational investigation in a tertiary care hospital. Sample: Ninety primiparas with at least one at risk for LA tear inclusion factor at vaginal birth: maternal age ≥ 33 years, second stage ≥ 150 minutes, macrosomia, instrumented delivery, and/or anal sphincter laceration were studied. Methods: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was obtained early postpartum (mean ± sd 48.9 ± 21.6 days) to identify LA tear. Severity of LA muscle fiber loss was graded on an ordinal scale of: “0” as no loss, “1” as <50% unilateral loss, “2” as ≥50% unilateral or <50% bilateral loss, and “3” as ≥50% bilateral loss. Data were analyzed using proportional odds modeling. Inclusion factors were explored as predictors of LA tear severity and at analysis episiotomy, time spent actively pushing, epidural, and oxytocin were also considered. The main outcome measures of interest included grading of severity of LA muscle fiber loss on an ordinal scale. Results: Respective counts/percentages of women within each 0 thru 3 ordered category of LA tear severity were: “0” = 58(64%), “1” = 9(10%), “2” = 15(17%), and “3” = 8(9%). Estimates and 95% CI for significant demographic or obstetric univariate predictors of LA tear severity level were age, OR 1.093 (CI 1.012 - 1.180), p = 0.023;and time spent in active pushing, OR 1.089 (CI 1.005 - 1.180), p = 0.038. The other factors considered were not significant. There were too few women with forceps deliveries to analyze. Conclusion: In our enriched sample of primiparous women, 26% showed a significant LA tear. Maternal age and time spent actively pushing independently predict LA tear severity.

关键词： Reproductive Physiological Phenomena Birth Injuries Parturition labor Pelvic Floor Disorders Soft Tissue Injuries of the Pelvis

Increased Apoptosis in Chorionic Trophoblasts of Human Fetal Membranes with labor at Term

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第2期3卷 136-142页

作者： Hassan M. Harirah Mostafa A. Borahay Wahidu Zaman Mahmoud S. Ahmed Ibrahim G. Hager Gary D. V. Hankins The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology The University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston USA The Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt

Objective: To determine the association of apoptosis in the layers of human fetal membranes distal to rupture site with labor at term. Study Design: Fetal membranes were collected from elective cesarean sections (n = 8) and spontaneous vaginal deliveries (n = 8) at term. The extent of apoptosis within fetal membrane layers was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxy-UTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and western blots for pro-apoptotic active caspase-3 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Results: Apoptotic index in chorionic trophoblasts of membranes distal to rupture site obtained after vaginal delivery was 3-fold higher than those obtained from elective cesarean (11.57% ± 4.98% and 4.05% ± 2.4% respectively;p = 0.012). The choriodecidua layers after vaginal deliveries had higher expression of the pro-apoptotic active caspase-3 and less expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 than those obtained from elective cesarean sections. Conclusions: labor at term is associated with increased apoptosis in chorionic trophoblast cells of human fetal membranes distal to rupture site.

关键词： Apoptosis Membranes Chorion Trophoblasts labor

The Developmental Sources of South Korean Neoliberalism

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2022年第1期15卷 41-61页

作者： Kevin Hockmuth Global Studies Program Akita International UniversityAkitaJapan

How do South Korea's developmental legacies influence its contemporary political economy?The discourse surrounding this question has tended to diverge over the extent to which South Korea's state-led developmental model has been supplanted by a market-led,neoliberal mode of political-economic organization Though this debate has indeed fostered many important individual contributions,it has also yielded a muddled and ambiguous theoretical landscape.To clarify this cluttered terrain,this paper draws from recent advances in the study of neoliberalism to establish critical points of consonance between statist perspectives on Korean development and neoliberalism To this end,it identifies key threads of continuity binding South Korea's developmental past with its neoliberal present.The paper finds that critical aspects of the developmental state's interaction with society,from coercion to ideological suasion furnished elemental building blocks to those actively constructing a South Korean neoliberalism Thus,exploring these historical contours producesa fresh means for apprehending the interactions of enduring statist developmental legacies with contemporary neoliberal reforms,both theoretically and empirically.As such,this study yields an improved set of conceptual tools for grasping the complex empirical phenomena shaping the interplay of neoliberalism,developmentalism,and democracy within contemporary South Korea.

关键词： South Korea Political economy Developmental state Neoliberalism Developmental politics Democracy labor

Accurate preterm labor diagnosis using a CD55-TLR4 combination biomarker model

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第3期6卷 253-257页

作者： Siddharth Pratap Laura E. Brown Michael G. Izban Stella Nowicki Bogdan J. Nowicki Department of Computer Science Michigan Technological University Houghton USA Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Meharry Medical College Nashville USA Microarray & Bioinformatics Core Department of Microbiology and Immunology Meharry Medical College Nashville USA

We previously demonstrated immune activation in the maternal peripheral circulation associated with preterm labor (PTL). There was an elevation in WBC mRNA of anti-inflammatory complement decay-accelerating factor (CD55) and the innate-immune response activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). These findings suggested that collectively, these two molecules might serve as useful biomolecules to aid in the diagnosis of PTL. In this study, we used a combined marker approach to determine whether a dual marker model utilizing both CD55 and TLR4 mRNA levels to classify PTL would increase diagnostic accuracy compared to either molecule alone. Two methods were evaluated;a linear discriminant (LD) method and a distribution free (DF) method, in order to find the optimal linear combination of TLR4 and CD55 data to diagnose PTL accurately. Our results indicated that a combined CD55-TLR4 dual marker model could provide statistically significant improve- ments compared to CD55 or TLR4 single marker models for PTL classification performance.

关键词： Preterm labor (PTL) CD55 Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF) Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)