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Gender-health disparities: exploring the counterbalancing mechanisms of labor disadvantage and health behaviors in rural China

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China Population and Development Studies 2022年第2期6卷 186-205页

作者： Xiaozhao Y.Yang Nan Wu Jiawei Hou Department of Sociology and Social Work Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong 510000China

The health disparity associated with gender has raised attention on the rampant health inequity issues in China.This gender-health disparity is further complicated by the contrasting evidence in several substantive demographic phenomena such as the female survival paradox and female morbidity paradox.The current study pro-poses a theoretical model to reveal the counterbalancing mechanisms contributing to gender-health disparity in China.Specifically,health behaviors and labor market disadvantages are two sets of counterbalancing factors that,when considered alto-gether,reveal the true extent of gender-health disparity.Using a 2020 survey in the poverty counties in two provinces of China,the current study investigates the coun-terbalancing mechanisms in gender-health disparity through mediation and suppres-sion effects.With painful feeling and the number of chronic illnesses as depend-ent variables,this study showed that health behaviors and labor disadvantages are indeed counterbalancing mechanisms.The gender disparity in pain/chronic ill-nesses disappeared after labor disadvantages were controlled for,but reemerged in greater magnitude after health behaviors were controlled were.For chronic illnesses,the previously non-existent gender disparity emerged after health behaviors were controlled for.Were it not for women’s salubrious health behaviors,they would suf-fer worse pain and chronic illnesses than men’s.This study informs the literature of the hidden counterbalancing mechanisms in gender-health disparity,and women’s inferior position in formal and informal labor domains blocks the goal of eradicating health inequity in China.

关键词： Gender Health labor Behaviors Rural China

Manual Uterine Fundal Pressure in the Spontaneous Delivery during the Second Stage of labor: A Pilot Case-Control Study Following an Analysis of Questionnaire Survey

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第12期12卷 1267-1278页

作者： Jinping Liu Jing Wang Linlin Wang Shili Su Department of Midwifery Shandong Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Jinan China Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Shandong Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Jinan China

Background: Recent obstetrical practice tends to avoid the use of manual uterine fundal pressure (MUFP);however, data showed that MUFP is actually employed. We here attempted 1) to determine the obstetricians’ attitudes towards MUFP via questionnaire, and 2) to examine whether MUFP shortens the 2nd stage of labor, with the latter tested as a pilot study. Methods: A questionnaire-based study was carried out (n = 122) at meetings of Obstetrics on May 5, 2017. Then, we conducted a pilot case-control study from August 23 to September 6, 2020. Participants (n = 29) were divided into two groups;women who did and did not want MUFP;i.e., MUFP (n = 14) vs. (Non-MUFP) group (n = 15). Results: Of 122 doctors, 99.18% (121/122) used MUFP at cesarean section. 95.90% (117/122) of institutions used MUFP in spontaneous delivery. 95.08% (116/122) obstetricians considered MUFP effective and helpful. 85.24% (104/122) considered that MUFP should be employed after station +3. In the case control study, MUFP vs. Non-MUFP group showed the second-stage-duration of 58.5 (50.25 - 71.25) vs. 48 (39 - 59) minutes, without statistical significance (P = 0.101). However, importantly, MUFP, compared with Non-MUFP group, showed a significantly shorter duration from head visible on introitus (apparition) to delivery;i.e., 21.26 ± 7.32 vs. 30.13 ± 10.61 minutes (P = 0.014). Conclusions: MUFP is still used widely and MUFP shortened the duration of head apparition to delivery time. Larger-sample studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of MUFP.

关键词： Manual Uterine Fundal Pressure labor The Stage of labor Outcome Instrumental Birth

An Early Pregnant Chinese Woman with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Succeeding in Induction of labor in the Second Trimester

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2018年第4期33卷 267-271页

作者： Xuefang Zhang Zhenyu Zhang Nan Li Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China Department of Radiology Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)is a rare condition in early pregnancy.A22-year-old Chinese woman at10weeks of pregnancy requested induced abortion and was diagnosed as CVST for a severe headache accompanying with nausea and vomiting.The patient was treated successfully with anticoagulation,followed by amniocentesis,and finally succeeded in induction of labor safely.The diagnosis,treatment and prognosis for this rare condition are discussed in this paper.

关键词： cerebral venous sinus thrombosis early pregnancy anticoagulation amniocentesis induction of labor

Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills about Delivery by Self-Evaluation of Midwifery Students Using the labor and Delivery Assistance Evaluation Sheets

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Open Journal of Nursing 2022年第7期12卷 459-480页

作者： Yuko Harding Faculty of Nursing Chukyo Gakuin University Mizunami Gifu Japan

Aim: This study aims to clarify the current state of advancement of knowledge and skills in the educational process from self-assessments by midwifery student labor and delivery assistance evaluation sheets. Method: Metrology is an observational and retrospective study. Self-assessments in labor and delivery assistance evaluation sheets of midwifery students registered in an advanced midwifery course at Nursing College A from Apr. 2017 to Mar. 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The end-points were every score of six classifications: health checkups and assessments of women who give birth, preparations for labor and delivery assistance, delivery assistance in the parturient second stage, delivery assistance in the parturient third and fourth stages, midwifery process, and the training manner. Moreover, they also included the scores of 64 evaluation items belonging to any of the six classifications and a comprehensive evaluation score in which students judged the acquisition of all knowledge and skills of delivery assistance. In addition, although not on the evaluation sheet, the average score of all 64 evaluation items was also included. The evaluation criteria were five levels, from one to five. The end-points were examined by comparing the experiences of delivery assistances in two periods of Results: 80 among 91 evaluation sheets from eight out of nine students were analyzed. The average score of all 64 evaluation items, every score of the six classifications, and the comprehensive evaluation score was significantly elevated in the experience periods of 6 ≤ times (P Conclusion: Training in adaptation and enforcement of amniotomy and assistance skills for lacerations sutures will be needed in future educational challenges. Self-assessment scores by midwifery students in labor and delivery assistance evaluation sheets were significantly elevated in the experience periods of 6 ≤ times.

关键词： Evaluation labor Delivery Education College/University

Study of poverty alleviation strategy based on labor force quality improvement and ecological protection in Western China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2013年第3期11卷 218-226页

作者： Hui Liu Wuzhati Yeerken Hansen Stein Key laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling CAS Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Nordic Consulting Group

Fragile ecological environment and poverty correlate to and reinforce each other closely in Western China.At the same time,Western China is also the most prominent area of the knowledge and human poverty with very low labor force quality.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of poverty in Western China,this paper studies the coupling relationship between fragile ecological environment and poverty in Western China,including the impacts of fragile environment on poverty occurrence and the effects of ecological construction on poverty alleviation.It also analyzed how low labor quality causes persistent poverty in the western region.At the end of the paper,strategies of diversity poverty alleviation in Western China are suggested based on sustainable development,including education improvement,ecological construction,industries development,infrastructure construction,planning institution innovation,and so on.

关键词： poverty alleviation labor force quality ecological environment Western China

The Curious Case of a Robot Doctor：＂Human,＂ labor and Expert Systems

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第4期10卷 646-673页

作者： Xiao LIU Department of East Asian Studies McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 3R1 Canada

While Amazon Mechanical Turk project refreshes the long-term dream of artificial intelligence by incorporating human beings into the automation of information circuits, it also calls attention to the role of technical platforms in reorganizing the division and mode of labor under the current information capitalism. This essay examines this transformed labor regime by outlining the discourses and imaginaries of Artificial Intelligence （AI） in late 197os and 198os China when expert systems-an artificial intelligence system designed to provide expert consultation in the absence of human experts-first appeared. I argue that these discourses and imaginaries surrounding expert systems were tied to the anticipation of a coming information society, and to the fetish of expert knowledge, and a shift from Mao＇s class-based politics to a depoliticized realm of professionalism. Bringing together the material, technical development of AI, the intellectual discourse of Post-Mao 1980s, as well as the imaginary domain of science fiction, this essay rethinks the politics of the ＂human＂ in the social context of Post-Mao＇s era. Keywords expert systems, labor, the interface, professionalism, depoliticization

关键词： expert systems labor the interface professionalism depoliticization

The Sweatshop Workers of Nicaragua： Subjectivity, labor, and Domination

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2017年第4期10卷 509-522页

作者： Natacha Borgeaud-Garciandfa CONICET/FLACSO Buenos Aires Argentina

This essay is based on an approach that addresses the relationship between work-related domination and the subjects who are submitted to it. This reflection arises from research undertaken in Nicaragua, among workers from the international textile factories known as maquiladoras (or maquilas). Men, but mostly young women, work and live here under particularly difficult conditions. The constraints of work and domination invade the recesses of their existence, and their power is such that it seems to annul any proper subjectivity. Although it may seem easy to locate the effects of work-related domination in the very intimacy of the subjects’ lives, it also appears as if part of themselves remains unsubdued. Dominated subjectivities can only rebel for failing to do it would be to condemn their beings to inexistence. What sense can be given to this gap in domination? Does it preserve the domination by preserving the subjects from the invasion in their own beings by this very domination? Is it only a resource of the submission? Those are, between domination and subjectivity, some of the aroused interrogations.

关键词： labor Domination Subjectivity Sweatshop workers Nicaragua

An Intertemporal General Equilibrium Model of Asset Prices with labor Input

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 1998年第2期3卷 129-134页

作者： Yang Yunhong(College of Mathematical Sciences, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

This paper develops the CIR model. In this model, labor is introduced in the production function and leisure in the direct utility function. We examine how the trade-off between labor and leisure would affect asset prices and derive a familiar principal partial differential equation which asset prices must satisfy. The solution of this equation gives the equilibrium price of any asset in terms of the underlying real variables in economy.

关键词： Key words asset price equilibrium labor leisure

The Overpaid and Underpaid:A Comparison of labor Costs in Nonprofit and For-Profit Service Organizations

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2019年第1期12卷 117-136页

作者： Jianzhi Zhao Jiahuan Lu School of International Relations and Public Affairs Fudan UniversityHandan Road 220 YangpuShanghai 200433China School of Public Affairs and Administration Rutgers University-Newark111 Washington StreetNewarkNJ 07102USA

The comparison between nonprofit and for-profit organizations has been a lingering question for scholars and practitioners.This research explores employee wage differentials across sectors using a national sample of child care workforce.After controlling for a range of individual,occupational,organizational,and community factors,this research reports a significant wage premium for nonprofit child care teachers.In addition,this study finds evidence for both the labor donation and property rights hypotheses,but the property rights theory demonstrates comparatively stronger explanatory power.Although individuals with stronger intrinsic motivation are more willing to donate labor for charitable outputs,inefficient management in nonprofits actually sets wage levels over the market level.Overall,the study highlights nonprofits*comparative advantage in employee motivation but disadvantage in efficient management.The findings have implications for public and nonprofit management.

关键词： labor costs labor donation Property rights Human services