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Inferring Behavior of Chinese krill Fishing Vessel Using a Simple Walk Model

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第4期18卷 939-946页

作者： WANG Rui ZHU Guoping College of Marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China Polar Marine Ecosystem Group Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources Ministry of Education Shanghai 201306 China National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries Shanghai 201306 China

Each type of fishery has its own characteristic behavior, and understanding this condition is an important part of devel- oping and managing fishing operations comprehensively. Based on the random walk model, the relationship between distance and frequency distribution of adjacent fishing positions was analyzed by the Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) Subareas 48.1, 48.2, and 48.3. The frequency of distances between consecutive hauls demonstrated a heavy- tailed distribution, which could be used to estimate the value of parameter μ in the power function F(l)~ l μ of a random walk model to determine the type of random walk patterns that characterize Chinese krill fishery. Results indicated that the fishing pattern of the Chinese krill fishery is consistent with the Lévy random walk model, with which the step-length is applied to analyze the walking pattern. When a defined walk in a space of dimension is greater than one, the steps made are in isotropic random directions. Fur- thermore, a strong and positive correlation between fishing behavior (using the parameter μ as an indicator) and catch per unit effort of the Chinese krill fishery was observed.

关键词： Lévy random walk Antarctic krill fishery fishing pattern CCAMLR

Freeze Concentration of Proteins in Antarctic krill Wash Water

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2017年第6期16卷 1109-1114页

作者： QI Xiangming XU Jing ZHAO Kuo GUO Hui MA Lei College of Food Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 P. R. China

Water-washing removes fluoride from Antarctic krill but produces large volumes of wash water containing water-soluble proteins and fluoride. The freeze concentration method was tested to determine if it could be used to recover water-soluble proteins while leaving the fluoride in solution. After freezing and thawing the wash water, protein and fluoride contents of the thawed fractions were determined to explore the melting regularity of components in the wash water. The highest concentration factors of protein and fluoride were obtained after 80 min of thawing, such as 1.48 ± 0.06 and 1.35 ± 0.04 times, respectively. The free amino-nitrogen(FAN) content and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern results revealed that the highest concentrations of all ingredients were obtained after 80 min of the process. The degree of hydrolysis of all fractions from the thawing process fluctuated in a narrow range around 12% during the entire process, indicating that the thawing order did not change with various proteins or time during the entire thawing course. These results demonstrate that the freeze concentration method can be used to concentrate protein solutions, even those with fluoride. It was concluded that condensation was achieved and no ingredient could be separated, regardless of fluoride, amino acids, or different proteins in the water.

关键词： Antarctic krill freeze concentration wash water protein extraction fluoride

Distribution and abundance of krill in various areas of the Southern Ocean: dataset compilation based on samples collected in CHINARE during 2009-2019

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第3期35卷 370-384页

作者： FANGGXiaoyue HU Shugang WANG Yanqing HANG Zishang TAO Zhencheng YANG Guang College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Engineering Technology Department Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049China

This study investigates the composition,abundance,and basic biological parameters of krill in Prydz Bay,Antarctic Peninsula and Amundsen Sea by analyzing samples and environmental data from the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expeditions conducted between 2009/2010 and 2019/*** predominant krill species observed were Euphausia superba,Euphausia crystallorophias,and Thysanoessa ***,although the most widespread,exhibited the lowest mean abundance 9.96 ind:(1000 m^(-3))and biomass 0.31 g(1000 m^(-3)),predominantly found in low-latitude regions of the Amundsen Sea while *** was most concentrated in polynyas of Prydz ***,with an average abundance of 34.05 ind(1000 m^(-3))and biomass of 11.80 g:(1000 m^(-3)),was mainly distributed in the Antarctic Peninsula and Prydz *** study also identified regional variations in mean body length and frequency distributions of *** relationship between krill body length and wet weight followed a power-law *** differences were observed in the relationship between krill abundance,biomass,and environmental factors with varying *** the Amundsen Sea,no significant correlation was found between krill abundance and environmental ***,*** in Prydz Bay demonstrated a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll a concentration,while *** abundance and biomass in the Antarctic Peninsula exhibited a significant negative correlation with ice-free *** findings contribute valuable regional data on krll distribution,abundance,and biomass in the Southern Ocean,serving as foundational information for the conservation of the Southern Ocean ecosystem and Antarctic krill fishery management on a circumpolar scale.

关键词： Southern Ocean krill Euphausia superba biomass dataset

AGE GROUPS OF ANTARCTIC krill,EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA DANA,IN THE PRYDZ BAY REGION

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2000年第2期18卷 140-147页

作者：王荣孙松孙松王克王克李超伦 Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China

Age groups of Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba Dana) in the Prydz Bay region were studied by distribution mixture analysis based on length/frequency data collected by R/V Jidi during the 1989/1990 and 1990/1991 austral summer. Five age groups were determined, i.e. 1 +, 2 +, 3 +, 4 +, and 5 + , or six age groups in all, if the 0 + larvae were included. The mean body length of 1 + to 5 + age groups was 25.70 mm, 40.47 mm, 45.52 mm, 50.52 mm and 54.52 mm respectively. Supposing the difference in body length between successive age groups is a reflection of the yearly growth, the maximum growth rate occurred during the period from 1 + juveniles to 2 + subadults (14.77 mm/a). From 2 + subadults to 3 + adults the growth rate dropped steeply (5.05 mm/a) because at this stage, increase of body length was substituted, to a great extent, by the growth of sexual products. From 3 + onwards the growth rate was maintained at a relatively low level and decreased slowly with age. The relative abundance of age groups 1 + and 2 +, in our sample must be much lower than that in the real population owing to both the large mesh size we used and the distribution difference between juveniles and adults. If we left aside 1 + and 2 + age groups and just looked at the relative abundance of adults, we found that age group 3 + dominated the adult population and that the relative abundance decreased sharply with increasing age. If this situation is normal, one can expect an extremely high mortality rate in adults, 82.6% from 3 + to 4 + and 94.0% from 4 + to 5 +. This is reasonably expectable for the Prydz Bay region.

关键词： Antarctic krill Prydz Bay age groups

Comparison of the defluoridation efficiency of calcium phosphate and chitin in the exoskeleton of Antarctic krill

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Advances in Polar Science 2012年第3期23卷 149-154页

作者： WANG Zhangmin YIN Xuebin School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Advanced Lab for Eco-safety and Human health Suzhou Institute of USTCSuzhou 215123China

Calcium （Ca）, phosphorus （P）, and chitin are the main components of the exoskeleton of krill. Defluoridation of a solution of sodium fluoride （NaF） using calcium phosphate （Ca3（PO4）2） and chitin as defluoridation agents was studied. Orthogonal experiments were designed to find the optimum reaction conditions for defluoridation, to obtain the maximum defluoridation efficiency and fluoride removal capacity of calcium phosphate and chitin. At the same time, a comparison of the capacity of the two defluoridation agents was made. The results suggest that calcium phosphate has a far greater capability than chitin for the removal of fluoride （F） from water under similar reaction conditions. It is also suggested that Antarctic krill is likely to adsorb fluoride via compounds such as calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and other compounds of Ca and P with the general form （Ca, X）x（PO4, HPO4, Y）y（OH, Z）z, in addition to chitin.

关键词： calcium phosphate chitin defluoridation krill orthogonal design

An Effective Extract Method of Phospholipids from Antarctic krill <em>Euphausea superba</em>

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第2期8卷 293-299页

作者： Xiaoqing Tian Chengqi Fan Zhidong Liu Hongliang Huang Yanan Lu East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Shanghai China Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation Ministry of Agriculture Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Shanghai China

Phospholipids are one of the major bioactive ingredients of Antarctic krill Euphausea superba. A feasible and effective extraction method of Antarctic krill oil was investigated and modified by orthogonal test which the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:2.5, extraction time was 5 min, ratio of ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butanol (BuOH) was 1:1. With this method, the extract of krill oil has a higher phospholipids content of 27.7% - 42.3%, together with total oil yields of 4.15% - 6.18%.

关键词： Phospholipids Antarctic krill Euphausea superba Extraction

Long-Term Effect of Photoperiod, Temperature and Feeding Regimes on the Respiration Rates of Antarctic krill (<i>Euphausia superba</i>)

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2013年第2期3卷 40-51页

作者： Matthew Brown So Kawaguchi Steven Candy Toshihiro Yoshida Patti Virtue Steve Nicol Australian Antarctic Division Kingston Australia Australian Antarctic Division Kingston Australia Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre Hobart Australia Institute for Antarctic and Marine Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Australia Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Australia Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Australia Australian Antarctic Division Kingston Australia Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre Hobart Australia

Antarctic krill is thought to undergo an annual cycle of biological processes to cope with seasonal changes in their environment. The question of whether, and to what degree, seasonal environmental parameters such as photoperiod, food availability and temperature govern metabolism in krill is not clear. In this long-term laboratory study, respiration rates were determined in krill incubated under simulated natural light cycle or total darkness, subjected to fed or starved conditions and on krill kept at different temperatures (-1°C, 1°C and 3°C). There was a strong and significant increasing trend of respiration rates with month in all experimental treatments. In August (late winter), the mean respiration rates ranged between 0.22 - 0.35 μL O2 ***-1 for krill in both simulated seasonal light and complete darkness, and 0.25 - 0.26 μL O2 ***-1 for both fed and starved krill. Mean maximal respiration rates were recorded in October and December for all light and feeding treatments (0.46 - 0.56 μL O2 ***-1). Mean respiration rates for krill in the temperature treatments ranged between 0.24 - 0.30 μL O2 ***-1 in September reaching mean maximal rates in November and February (0.60 - 0.71 μL O2 ***-1). The covariate total length of krill was found to be non-significant and there was generally no significant interaction of experimental treatment with month and only for photoperiod comparison was the treatment main effect significant. The dark treatment gave higher respiration rates, and this needs careful interpretation. Results here suggest that, although light, food availability and temperature significantly affect metabolic rates,

关键词： Antarctic krill Aquarium Maturity Endogenous Rhythm Overwintering Strategy

Correction:Protective effect and mechanism insight of purified Antarctic krill phospholipids against mice ulcerative colitis combined with bioinformatics

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2023年第1期13卷 597-597页

作者： Rong Huang Jiaxu Yao Li Zhou Xiang Li Jinrui Zhu Yueqi Hu Jikai Liu School of Pharmaceutical Sciences National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology EducationSouth-Central MinZu UniversityWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China

Correction:Natural Products and Bioprospecting(2023)13:11 https://***/10.1007/s13659-023-00375-2 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that“krill”was mistakenly written as“kill”in the *** correct title should read:Protective effect and mechanism insight of purified Antarctic krill phospholipids against mice ulcerative coli-tis combined with bioinformatics The original article[1]has been updated.

关键词： Antarctic krill prospecting

Identification and profiling of microRNAs of Euphausia superba using Illumina deep sequencing

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2278-2287页

作者： SONG Wei ZHU Yefei WANG Lumin JIANG Keji ZHANG Fengying MA Chunyan MA Lingbo Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries Ministry of AgricultureEast China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation Ministry of AgricultureEast China Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are an abundant class of conserved, non-coding small RNAs that play important role in gene regulation at post translational level. There have been no reports on the miRNAs of the Antarctic krill E uphausia superba despite the species' crucial position in Antarctic food webs. Two small RNA libraries were constructed from eyestalk and muscle, subsequently, and deep sequencing analysis was performed to investigate and profile E. superba miRNAs. A total of 19 304 586 and 23 005 104 unique sequences were obtained from the eyestalk and muscle, respectively. After compared the small RNA sequences with the Rfam database, 12 342 039 and 7 907 477 reads in eyestalk and muscle were matched to the transcriptome sequence of E. superba. A total of 236 distinct miRNAs were identified after annotation to known animal miRNAs registered in miRBase 21. In both libraries, the most abundant known miRNA were miR-750 with 92 583 reads in muscle and miR-1304-3 p with 56 386 reads in eyestalk while the average value was less than 106, revealing a wide range of different expression levels. In addition, miR-277 a enriched in both libraries and may be involved in modulating Krebs cycle by targeting to Vimar. Differential expression analysis showed that 56 mature miRNAs were significantly up/down regulated according to expression fold change. It appeared that the expression of several abundant miRNAs maybe tissue-specific or tissue-bias. Notably, the expression pattern of miR-750 and miR-1 family, which was suggested as the crucial candidates, involved in muscle development. Taken together, this study provides the first miRNA profile of E. superba and some of these miRNAs were expected to play important role in immune response, reproduction, energy metabolism, and muscle development and so on. Thus, the results provides a reference for functional studies of miRNAs in E. superba.

关键词： microRNA Antarctic krill Illumina deep-sequencing eyestalk muscle