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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第3期32卷 167-179页

作者： Agata Gallipoli Camilla MBraguglia Andrea Gianico Daniele Montecchio Pamela Pagliaccia Water Research Institute IRSA-CNR Area Della Ricerca RM100015 MonterotondoRomaItaly

Biowaste valorization through anaerobic digestion is an attractive option to achieve both climate protection goals and renewable energy production.In this paper,a complete set of batch trials was carried out on kitchen waste to investigate the effects of mild thermal pretreatment,temperature regimen and substrate/inoculum ratio.Thermal pretreatment was effective in the solubilisation of macromolecular fractions,particularly carbohydrates.The ability of the theoretical methodologies in estimating hydrogen and methane yields of complex substrates was evaluated by comparing the experimental results with the theoretical values.Despite the single batch configuration,a significant initial hydrogen production was observed,prior to methane yield.Main pretreatment effect was the gain in hydrogen production;the extent was highly variable according to the other parameters values.High hydrogen yields,up to 113 mL H2/g VSfed,were related to the prompt transformation of soluble sugars.Thermophilic regimen resulted,as expected,in faster digestions(up to 78 mL CH4/gVS/day) and sorted out pH inhibition.The relatively low methane yields(342-398 mL CH4/g VSfed) were the result of the consistent lignocellulosic content and low lipid content.Thermal pretreatment proved to be a promising option for the enhancement of hydrogen production in food waste dark fermentation.

关键词： kitchen waste Hydrogen Methane Thermal pretreatment Kinetics Thermophilic regimen

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三味书屋

The World of Chinese 2024年第1期 74-82页

作者：程惠子 Dylan Levi King 不详

A for 6:30,butwhen I woke up,it was not yet 6.I wiped the sleep from my eyes and lay in the dark,listening to my mother shuffling across the kitchen floor in her slippers.The next things I heard were the sound of water boiling in a pot and my mother whisking eggs with chopsticks.After I got up,she watched me slurp up the eggs poached in brown sugarsyrup.

关键词：三味书屋 floor kitchen

Mechanism and kinetics model of hydrolysis in anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes

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Journal of Central South University 2009年第S1期16卷 338-344页

作者：吴云张代钧杨钢 College of Resource and Environmental Science Chongqing University Department of Geography Chongqing Educational College

The profile of hydrolysates during the anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes was investigated. The experimental results show that the hysteresis of hydrolytic rate is mainly controlled by the diffusion effect. The hydrolytic mechanism of kitchen wastes is elaborated by taking the diffusion effect into consideration. A segment model of the hydrolysis for kitchen waste is formulated including the coefficient of diffusion resistance in the model. The coefficients of diffusion resistance for different particle sizes are 1.42,2.12 and 2.78 respectively based on the experimental data,in which the coefficients of diffusion resistance conform an exponential function. So,the partitioning kinetic model could be integrated as a unified experience model. The model is verified with experimental data,which shows that the model could predict the concentration of organic substances during the anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes.

关键词： kitchen waste anaerobic digestion hydrolysis kinetic model diffusion resistance

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LISTINGS

城市漫步（GBA版） 2024年第1期 54-54页

BEIJING Beijing Kerry Residence Whether you're a single business executive or a busy family,Bejjing Kerry's fully-furnished 1,2 and 3-bedroom apartments will feel just like home.As well as enjoying all the comforts of... 详细信息

关键词： kitchen she equipped

Impact on Acidification Characteristics of Anaerobic Digestion of kitchen Waste by F/M

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2018年第6期9卷 34-39页

作者： Liu Yanping Xiao Xiong Cui Yue Yuan Yu Lan Miao Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd.

The effect of F/M on acidification characteristics during anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste was investigated. Under different F/M,p H,alkalinity,ethyl alcohol,volatile fatty acids(VFAs),and biogas production status of acidification effluent in 96 h were observed. The study results showed that the content of propionic acid + acetic acid reached 56%-80% when F/M≤1. 0,which was mainly known as propionic acid type of fermentation and was accompanied by methane. The value of alkalinity was only 3 000-4 000 mg/L,which indicated that the stability was weak in the system. When 1. 0 < F/M≤2. 5,the concentration of butyric acid + acetic acid was in the range of 77%-85%,and acid production rate per unit load was more than 250 mg VFAs/g VS,which was known as butyric acid type of fermentation. The fermentation type was stable and could provide more available VFAs for subsequent methanation processes because the value of alkalinity reached 5 650 mg/L. When F/M≥2. 5,the content of ethanol + acetic acid was 80%-92%,which was known as ethanol type of fermentation. And p H of 96 h was only 5. 0( F/M = 3. 0) and 4. 3(F/M =4.0),and acidification was serious and the stability was weak in the system,which would hinder the subsequent methanation process.Therefore,F/M influenced fermentation type,and it can provide a target product for subsequent methanation process by controlling F/M in a reasonable range.

关键词： kitchen waste Anaerobic digestion Food to microorganism ratios

The Research of Performance Comparison of Displacement and Mixing Ventilation System in Catering kitchen

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第6期4卷 638-646页

作者： Jianping Yuan Longyan Wang Zhixia He Xiaofan Liu Research Center of Fluid Machinery and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China School of Energy Resources and Power Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China

A commercial kitchen is a complicated environment where multiple components of a ventilation system including hood exhaust, conditioned air supply, and makeup air systems work together but not always in unison. And the application of an appropriate ventilation system is extremely vital to keep the catering kitchen comfortable, which consequently promotes the productivity and gains. Application of two systems (traditional mixing ventilation system and thermal displacement ventilation system) is compared in a typical kitchen environment using computational fluid dynamics modeling which was used to investigate the difference between mixing and displacement ventilation (DV). It was reported in two parts, one on thermal comfort and the other one on indoor air quality. The results show that DV can maintain a thermally comfortable environment that has a low air velocity, a small temperature difference between the head and ankle level, and a low percentage of dissatisfied people, and may provide better IAQ in the occupied zone. So it was persuasive that using thermal displacement ventilation in kitchen environment allows for a reduction in space temperature without increasing the air-conditioning system capacity.

关键词： kitchen Displacement Ventilation Mixing Ventilation Numerical Simulation

PASTRY kitchen CONFIDENTIAL

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城市漫步（上海版、英文） 2016年第6期 52-63页

Kim melvin EXECUTIVE PASTRY CHEF,THE COMMUNE SOCIAL On Being in the Sweet Corner of a Restaurant kitchenFor Chef Kim Melvin,the pastry kitchen is usually one of the calmest places in a restaurant,but that wasn't the case on a particular day at Maze in London."That was the moment where I thought to myself,This is it.I’m going to double check everything for the rest of my life.It's gotta be perfect every single time,"she says,recalling the most memorable experience in her decade-long career as a pastry chef.It was one of the few times she got yelled at by her big boss,Jason Atherton-whom she’s been working with for nine years now.

关键词： restaurant kitchen she

The Research of Performance Comparison of Displacement and Mixing Ventilation System in Catering kitchen

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2013年第2期3卷 61-68页

作者： Jianping Yuan Longyan Wang Xiaofan Liu Zhixia He Research Center of Fluid Machinery and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China School of Energy Resources and Power Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China

关键词： kitchen Displacement Ventilation Mixing Ventilation Numerical Simulation

Stratigraphic thermohistory and its implications for regional geoevolution in the Tarim Basin,NW China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1495-1505页

作者： WANG TieGuan1,DAI ShiFeng2,LI MeiJun1,ZHANG WeiBiao1,3,Qiu NanSheng1 & WANG GuangLi1 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining,China University of Mining & Technology,Beijing 100083,China 3 Exploration Research Center,Exploration & Development Institute,China Petrochemical Corporation,Beijing 100083,China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining China University of Mining & Technology Beijing China Exploration Research Center Exploration & Development Institute China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing China

Fourteen vitrinite reflectance profiles from the Tarim Basin,NW China,show that the vitrinite reflectance profiles of individual wells follow a faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei Uplift.Vitrinite reflectance values in these profiles change sharply at the unconformity beneath the Lower Carboniferous Bachu or Upper Devonian Donghetang Formations,where the overlying Triassic to Carboniferous strata are still in a mature phase within the "liquid oil window".However,the underlying Lower Paleozoic reached the overmature phase beyond the "liquid oil window" towards the end of the Silurian,or in the Early Devonian at the latest.Whereas the vitrinite reflectance profiles are attributed to a continuous,single-stage pattern in the western section of the Tazhong Uplift,in which the Lower Paleozoic is also in an overmature phase,their overmaturity would have been achieved relatively late in geological time.The stratigraphic thermohistory has the following implications to regional geoevolution:(1) The overmature Lower Ordovician to Cambrian strata in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei Uplift,as well as in the Manjiaer Depression,could not have acted as the source kitchen for normal oil(so-called black oil);(2) The dissimilarity in vitrinite reflectance profiles between the eastern and western sections of the Tazhong Uplift reveals Early Paleozoic paleotectonic features,i.e.,lower at the east and higher at the west,whereas recent tectonic features formed since the Late Paleozoic are in reverse,i.e.,higher in the east and lower at the west;(3) Reconstruction of the denuded thickness of sediments overlying the Lower Ordovician strata suggests reconsideration on the paleotectonic features in the Tarim Basin;(4) Based on the sustained duration of the "liquid oil window" for overmature source beds,it is predicted that the Suntuoguole Lower Uplift between the Awati and Manjiaer Depressions is a favorable potential source kitchen for Lower Pal

关键词： vitrinite reflectance profile faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern paleotectonic features sustained "liquid oil window" period source kitchen

Cracking conditions of crude oil under different geological environments

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 77-83页

作者： ZHAO WenZhi,WANG ZhaoYun,ZHANG ShuiChang&WANG HongJun Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing China

There are mainly 3 kinds of existing states of oil generating from source rocks,that is,dispersive liquid hydrocarbon inside of source rock,dispersive liquid hydrocarbon outside of source rock and concentrated liquid hydrocarbon outside of source rock.Because of the differences in thermal history and medium conditions around,and the interaction of organic and inorganic matter,the liquid hydrocarbon with 3 kinds of existing state has different cracking conditions.The gas generation dynamics experiments of crude oil matching different mediums indicate that the distribution of activation energy of methane changes a lot according to medium difference.The carbonate has a main influence on oil cracking conditions and can largely reduce its activation energy,which reflects the lower cracking temperature of crude oil.The mudstone takes a second place and the sandstone is the smallest.The catalytic cracking function to the oil of the carbonate,of the mudstone and of the sandstone changes weaken in turn.The corresponding Ro values of main gas generation period in different mediums are as follows:1.5%―3.8%with pure crude oil,1.2%―3.2%with dispersive crude oil in carbonate,1.3%~3.4% with dispersive crude oil in mudstone and 1.4%―3.6%with dispersive crude oil in sandstone.The influence of pressure to crude oil cracking is relatively complicated.In the low heating speed condition, pressure restrains the oil cracking and gas generation,but in the high heating speed condition,pressure has an indistinctive influence to the oil cracking and gas generation.Pressure also makes a different effort in different evolvement stage.Taking the middle and lower Cambrian source rocks in the Tarim Basin as an example,primary oil generating quantity is 2232.24×10 8 t,residual oil and oil cracking gas quantity is 806.21×10 8 t and 106.95×10 12 m 3 respectively.

关键词： different existing state oil cracking condition gas source rock kitchen of oil cracking type