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Phase states of moisture content in different maize kernel types

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 250-259页

作者： Na Li Tongyu Xu Nan Hao College of Information and Electrical Engineering Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenyang 110161China

Accurate determination of the moisture content in maize kernels conduces to screen maize germplasm materials with efficient dehydration.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)single-kernel non-destructive testing technology was used to determine the moisture content at different phase states in the kernels for selected types of maize.The NMR T 2 relaxation inversion spectrum was monitored in maize kernels to determine the variation in the moisture content in different phase states with time.The total water and free water peaked at the filling stage of the maize kernels and then declined to a minimum at physiological maturity.The semi-bound water generally increased to a long-lasting peak in the dough stage and then declined.The bound water increased from kernel formation to maturity and then remained stable.The contents of total water,free water,semi-bound water,and bound water had significant differences among kernel types but not among varieties of the same type.The contents of semi-bound water and free water were linearly correlated with the dehydration rates of the kernels.The results of this study can provide a means for creating new germplasm materials.

关键词： maize(Zea mays L.) LF-NMR moisture phase state kernel type dehydration rate

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Artin Transfer Patterns on Descendant Trees of Finite p-Groups

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2016年第2期6卷 66-104页

作者： Daniel C. Mayer Naglergasse 53 8010 Graz Austria

Based on a thorough theory of the Artin transfer homomorphism from a group G to the abelianization of a subgroup of finite index , and its connection with the permutation representation and the monomial representation of G, the Artin pattern , which consists of families , resp. , of transfer targets, resp. transfer kernels, is defined for the vertices of any descendant tree T of finite p-groups. It is endowed with partial order relations and , which are compatible with the parent-descendant relation of the edges of the tree T. The partial order enables termination criteria for the p-group generation algorithm which can be used for searching and identifying a finite p-group G, whose Artin pattern is known completely or at least partially, by constructing the descendant tree with the abelianization of G as its root. An appendix summarizes details concerning induced homomorphisms between quotient groups, which play a crucial role in establishing the natural partial order on Artin patterns and explaining the stabilization, resp. polarization, of their components in descendant trees T of finite p-groups.

关键词： Artin Transfer kernel type Target type Descendant Tree Coclass Tree Coclass Graph

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