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Moderate drought alleviates the damage to grain quality at high temperatures by improving the starch synthesis of inferior grains in japonica rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 3094-3101页

作者： TONG Hui DUAN Hua WANG Sheng-jun SU Jing-ping SUN Yue LIU Yan-qing TANG Liang LIU Xue-jun CHEN Wen-fu rice Research Institute Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866P.R.China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding Tianjin Crop Research InstituteTianjin 300384P.R.China

In agricultural production,temperature and moisture are important factors affecting grain yield and quality.Although moderate drought at the grain-filling stage can effectively alleviate the damage caused by high temperature,the specific regulatory mechanism driving the effect of moderate drought at the high temperature on starch synthesis is still unclear.To explore the effects and mechanisms of high temperature and moderate drought on rice starch synthesis at the grainfilling stage,the activities of enzymes and expression levels of the genes involved in starch synthesis under four different treatments involving high temperature and/or water stress(CK,HT,WS,and HT+WS)were investigated in this study.The starch synthesis of a japonica inbred rice was measured under the four treatments during the grain filling.The results show that the effects of high temperature and moderate drought on grain filling mainly occur in the inferior grains of rice.Through the regulation of enzymes involved in starch synthesis and the expression levels of their main genes,the synthesis of rice starch can be affected.Therefore,the high temperature and moderate drought were antagonistic,and moderate drought can alleviate the damage to grain quality at a high temperature by improving the starch synthesis of inferior grains in japonica rice.This study provides a basis for stress-resistance cultivation and breeding strategies of rice with high temperature tolerance.

关键词： high temperature moderate drought antagonism starch synthesis japonica rice

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The Distribution of japonica rice Cultivars in the Lower Region of the Yangtze River Valley is Determined by Its Photoperiod-sensitivity and Heading Date Genotypes

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第10期51卷 922-932页

作者： Xiang-Jin Wei Ling Jiang Jun-Feng Xu Xi Liu Shi-Jia Liu Hu-Qu Zhai Jian-Min Wan State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China

There are generally four recognized classes of japonica rice cultivars grown in the lower region of the Yangtze River valley. The geographical distribution of the four classes is latitude-dependent. Variation for heading date （HD） among 29 japonica rice cultivars grown in the lower region of the Yangtze River valley and belonging to the four classes was characterized, and their sensitivity to variations in photoperiod and temperature was analyzed. All of the cultivars were sensitive to both photoperiod and temperature. A regression analysis showed that HD is closely correlated with photoperiod sensitivity （PS）. The PS of the four classes increased gradually from the medium maturing middle （MMM） types, through the late maturing middle （LMM） and early maturing late （EML） types to the medium maturing late （MML） types. Crosses with tester lines established that almost all of the cultivars carry the dominant early-heading allele at Ef-1, the photoperiod insensitive allele e2 and the PS alleles E1 or E1^t. Most of the MMM, LMM and MML types carry the insensitive allele e3, while EML types have either E3 or E3^t. At Se-1, MMM and LMM types have Se-1^e, some EML types have Se-1^e and others Se-1^n, while the MML types are mostly Se-fn. The PS of some MMM, LMM and EML types is reduced by the presence of hd2. These results show that the distribution of the four rice cultivar classes from high latitude to low latitude regions depended on a gradual increase in PS, which is mainly determined by its HD genotypes.

关键词： geographical distribution genotype heading date japonica rice photoperiod-sensitivity.

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Temporal and spatial variations of carbon isotope signature reveal substantial contribution of bracts and internode assimilates to grain filling of japonica rice

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The Crop Journal 2021年第2期9卷 271-281页

作者： Mengjiao Jiang Hongfa Xu Nianfu Yang Ganghua Li Yanfeng Ding Matthew J.Paul Zhenghui Liu College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Plant Science Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshire AL52JQUK

Carbon isotope composition(δ^(13)C)of a plant organ is an inherent signature reflecting its physiological property,and thus is used as an integrative index in crop breeding.It is also a non-intrusive method for quantifying the relative contribution of different source organs to grain filling in cereals.Using the samples collected from two-year field and pot experiments with two nitrogen(N)fertilization treatments,we investigated the temporal and spatial variations of δ^(13)C in source organs of leaf,sheath,internode,and bracts,and in sink organ grain.Constitutive nature of δ^(13)C was uncovered,with an order of leaf(−27.84‰)rice yield formation,thus extending our basic knowledge of source and sink relations.

关键词： japonica rice Carbon isotope composition(δ^(13)C) Temporal and spatial variations Source and sink relation Grain yield formation

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Transcript Profiling Reveals Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic-Isoleucine Pathways Involved in High Regenerative Capacities of Immature Embryos Compared with Mature Seeds in japonica rice

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rice science 2018年第4期25卷 227-234页

作者： XIAO Kaizhuan MAO Xiaohui WANG Yingheng WANG Jinlan WEI Yidong CAI Qiuhua XIE Hua'an ZHANG Jianfu College of Life Sciences Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350108China rice Research Institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou 350019China Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid rice for South China Ministry of Agriculture/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Fujian Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences&Technology/Fuzhou BranchNational Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding/Base of South ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice/National Rice Engineering LaboratoryFuzhou 350003China

Induced pluripotent cell mass plays a role in genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium. Mature seeds are more recalcitrant to the induction of suitable calli than immature embryos in rice, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. In this study, the morphological structure of calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos were observed under a scanning electron microscope using a paraffin embedded technique. Meanwhile, a total of 2 173 up- and down-regulated genes were identified in calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos by RNA-seq technique and furtherly confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results revealed the remarkable morphological differences in calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos, and plant hormone signal transduction and hormone biosynthesis pathways, such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic-isoleucine, were found to play roles in somatic embryogenesis. This study provided comprehensive gene expression sets for mature seeds and immature embryos that were served as an important platform resource for further functional studies in plant embryogenesis.

关键词： callus immature embryo mature seed japonica rice RNA sequence hormone

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Top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer rate contributes to decrease culm physical strength by reducing structural carbohydrate content in japonica rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 992-1004页

作者： ZHANG Wu-jun WU Long-mei DING Yan-feng WENG Fei WU Xiao-ran LI Gang-hua LIU Zheng-hui TANG She DING Cheng-qiang WANG Shao-hua Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R. China

Lodging is an important factor limiting rice yield and quality by bending or breaking stem in japonica rice（Oryza sativa L.） production. The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanism of lodging resistance in japonica rice as affected by carbohydrate components, especially its related arrangement in culm tissue and response to top-dressing nitrogen（N） fertilizer. Field experiments were conducted in Danyang County, Jiangsu Province, China, by using two japonica rice varieties Wuyunjing 23（lodging-resistance variety） and W3668（lodging-susceptible variety） with three top-dressing N fertilizer rates（0, 135 and 270 kg N ha^（-1）） in 2013 and 2014. Lodging related physical parameters, morphological characteristics and stem carbohydrate components were investigated at 30 d after full heading stage. Results showed that with increasing N fertilizer rates, the lodging rate and lodging index increased rapidly primarily due to significant reduction of breaking strength in two japonica rice varieties. Correlation analysis revealed that breaking strength was significantly and positively correlated with bending stress, but negatively correlated with section modulus, except for significant correlation at W3668 in 2014. Higher stem plumpness status and structural carbohydrate contents significantly enhanced stem stiffness, despite of lower non-structural carbohydrate. With higher N fertilizer rate, the culm wall thickness was almost identical, and culm diameter increased slightly. The structural carbohydrates, especially for lignin content in culm, reduced significantly under high N rate. Further histochemical staining analysis revealed that high N treatments decreased the lignin deposition rapidly in the sclerenchyma cells of mechanical tissue, large vascular bundle and small vascular bundle region, which were consistent with reduction of bending stress, especially for W3668 and thus, resulted in poor stem strength and higher lodging index. These results suggested that structural carbohydrate plays a vital role for

关键词： japonica rice lodging resistance nitrogen stem strength structural carbohydrate

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Analysis on Genetic Similarity of japonica rice Variety from Different Origins of Geography in the World

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第5期8卷 513-520页

作者： SHU Ai-ping Kim Jong hwan ZHANG San-yuan CAO Gui-lan NAN Zhong-hao Lee Kyu seong LU Qin HAN Long-zhi Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement （NFCRI）/Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 P.R. China Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 P.R. China National Institute of Crop Sciences Rural Development Administration Suwon 441-857 Korea Institute of rice Research Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Gongzhuling 136100 P.R. China

The genetic similarity and genetic difference among improved japonica rice varieties from different countries （or regions and organizations） were detected. The aim is to provide genetic basis to the breeding of japonica rice varieties. The genetic similarity and cluster of 313 improved japonica varieties from 20 countries （or regions and organizations） were analyzed using the SSR marker. With 34 SSR primers which were polymorphic and uniformly distributed in rice genome, totally 198 alleles were detected among these improved varieties with the average number of alleles per pair of primers of 5.8235. RM320, RM531, RM1, RM21, and RM336 located more alleles, which were 16, 13, 12, 10, and 10 respectively. RM320, RM336, RM286, RM531, and RM21 showed higher genetic diversity indexes, which were 2.3668, 2.0041, 1.9684, 1.9508, and 1.7203, respectively. The genetic similarity for improved japonica varieties among different countries （or regions and organizations） were ranged from 0.279 to 0.918, and the mean value was 0.653. The rice varieties from countries whose latitude and geography position were all nearer were clustered together with higher genetic similarity indexes. The rice varieties from countries who had more different latitude and far geography position were clustered separately with lower genetic similarity indexes. The results indicated the genetic similarity indexes among improved japonica varieties had a close relationship with the geographical position, especially with the latitude.

关键词： japonica rice genetic similarity geography origin latitude SSR marker

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Models for estimating the leaf NDVI of japonica rice on a canopy scale by combining canopy NDVI and multisource environmental data in Northeast China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第5期9卷 132-142页

作者： Yu Fenghua Xu Tongyu Cao Yingli Yang Guijun Du Wen Wang Shu College of Information and Electrical Engineering Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture Beijing 100097China College of Agronomy Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China

Remote sensing of rice traits has advanced significantly with regard to the capacity to retrieve useful plant biochemical,physiological and structural quantities across spatial scales.The rice leaf NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index)has been developed and applied in monitoring rice growth,yield prediction and disease status to guide agricultural management practices.This study combined rice canopy NDVI and environmental data to estimate rice leaf NDVI.The test site was a japonica rice experiment located in the eastern city of Shenyang,Liaoning Province,China.This paper describes(1)the use of multiple linear regression to establish four periods of rice leaf NDVI models with good accuracy(R2=0.782–0.903),and(2)how the key point of the rice growth period based on these models was determined.The techniques for modeling leaf NDVI at the point of remote canopy sensing were also presented.The results indicate that the rice leaf NDVI has a high correlation with the canopy NDVI and multisource environmental data.This research can provide an efficient method to detect rice leaf growth at the canopy scale in the future.

关键词： japonica rice NDVI leaf models canopy scale environmental data

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Effects of plant protection UAV-based spraying on the vertical distribution of droplet deposition on japonica rice plants in Northeast China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第5期14卷 27-34页

作者： Yingli Cao Fenghua Yu Tongyu Xu Wen Du Zhonghui Guo Haiyan Zhang College of Information and Electrical Engineering Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture Shenyang 110866China State Key Laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

In order to study the regularity of the vertical distribution of droplet deposition on rice plants during pesticide spraying operated by a low-flying multi-rotor plant protection unmanned aviation vehicle(UAV),water-sensitive spray cards were placed on the leaves at the top,in the middle,and at the bottom of rice plants to acquire data on droplet deposition.In this study,a suspension containing tricylazole and hexaconazole was used in the spraying.The water-sensitive spray cards were analyzed by the droplet deposition processing software iDAS to obtain the vertical distribution of the droplets sprayed by the plant protection UAV.The results showed that (1)significant variation was found in the coverage of the droplets in different vertical positions of the rice plants.Within the effective spray width,the best coverage of the droplets was found in the area just below the rotors,whereas the coverage of areas farther away from the rotors was poor.For the different vertical positions of the rice plants,the overall droplet coverage was 58.38%at the top,33.55%in the middle,and 11.34%at the bottom of the plants;(2)for all vertical positions,the average size of the droplets ranged between 110μm and 140μm,which was suitable for the control of plant diseases and insect pests.The highest droplet density was found at the top of the plants,and the distribution of the droplet density was similar in the middle and at the bottom of the rice plants;(3)the diffusion ratio at the top of the rice plants(0.84)was better than that in the middle(0.57)and at the bottom(0.37).The overall relative span could meet the requirements for the actual application.Except for the position in the middle of the plants,the relative span for the other positions of the plants was over 0.67,which is the standard value.This study demonstrated the distribution regularity of droplet deposition along with the vertical direction of rice plants during UAV-based spraying,which is of guiding significance for the use of UAVs in plant protection,the improvement o

关键词： plant protection UAV droplet deposition japonica rice droplet size vertical distribution spraying Northeast China

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Mining Applicable Elite Alleles of Growth Duration, Plant Height and Panicle Number per Plant by Conditional QTL Mapping in japonica rice

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rice science 2011年第3期18卷 196-203页

作者： Jian-hua JIANG[a] Qi-bing ZHAO[b] Qiang-ming LIU[a] Lan CHEN[a] Fu-long CHEN[b] Bao-jian QIAO[b] De-lin HONG[a] [a]State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China [b]Fengshou Seed Corporation Limited Plantation of Sihong County of Jiangsu Province Sihong 223905 China

Unconditional and conditional QTL mapping were conducted for growth duration (GD), plant height (PH) and effective panicle number per plant (PN) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two japonica rice varieties Xiushui 79 and C Bao. The RIL population consisted of 254 lines was planted in two environments, Nanjing and Sihong, Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that additive effects were major in all of QTLs for GD, PH and PN detected by the two methods, and the epistatic effects explained a small proportion of phenotypic variation. No interactions were detected between additive QTL and environment, and between epistatic QTL pairs and environment. After growth duration was adjusted to an identical level, RM80-160bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for PN, with an additive effect of 0.71. When effective panicle number per plant was adjusted to an identical level, RM448-240bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for GD, with an additive effect of 4.64. After plant height was adjusted to an identical level, RM80-160bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for PN, with an additive effect of 0.62, and RM448-240bp was detected as an applicable elite allele for GD, with an additive effect of 3.89. These applicable elite alleles could be used to improve target traits without influencing the other two traits.

关键词： japonica rice growth duration plant height effective panicle number per plant unconditional QTL mapping conditional QTL mapping recombinant inbred line

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Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Traits in japonica rice

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第7期9卷 929-936页

作者： LI Mao-mao XU Lei REN Jun-fang CAO Gui-lan YU Li-qin HE Hao-hua HAN Long-zhi KohHee-jong Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement （NFCRI） Beijing 100081 P.R. China College of Agronomy Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 P.R.China rice Research institute Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang 330200 P.R.China School of Plant Science College of Agriculture and Life Science Seoul National University Seoul 151-921 Korea

Quantitative trait loci（QTLs） of grain traits were detected to provide theoretical basis for fine mapping and molecular marker-assisted breeding of grain traits in japonica rice.Using an F2 population including 200 individuals derived from a cross combination between two japonica rice DL115 with large grain and XL005 with small grain,the grain length,grain width,grain thickness,ratio of grain length to width and 1 000-grain weight were evaluated in Beijing;and the quantitative trait loci for above five grain traits were identified by composite interval mapping using SSR markers.The results showed that the five grain traits exhibited a normal continuous distribution in F2 population,indicating they were quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes.A total of 16 QTLs conferring the five grain traits were detected on chromosomes 2,3,5 and 12,respectively.Eight QTLs,namely qGL3a,qGW2,qGW5,qGT2,qRLW2,qRLW3,qGWT2 and qGWT3,were major QTLs and explained 15.42,40.89,13.54,33.43,13.82,13.61,12.51 and 10.1% of the observed phenotypic variance,respectively.Among them,qGW2,qGT2,qRLW2 and qGWT2 were mapped in same interval RM12776-RM324 on chromosome 2.The marker interval RM12776-RM324 on chromosome 2 was common marker intervals of four major QTLs,and the two SSR markers RM12776 and RM324 would be used in molecular markerassisted breeding in japonica rice.The modes of gene action were mainly additive and partial dominance.Four QTLs＇ alleles were derived from small grain parent XL005,and other 12 QTLs＇ alleles were derived from large grain parent DL115.The alleles from larger parent were showed significant effects to grain length,grain width,grain thickness and 1 000-grain weight.

关键词： japonica rice drain trait SSR marker quantitative trait locus gene action

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