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The evolving concept of physiological ischemia training vs. ischemia preconditioning

The Journal of Biomedical Research 2015年第6期29卷 445-450页

作者： Jun Ni Hongjian Lu Xiao Lu Minghui Jiang Qingyun Peng Caili Ren Jie Xiang Chengyao Mei Jianan Li Department of Rehabilitation Medicine the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University The Second People's Hospital Nantong Department of Rehabilitation Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Department of Cardiology the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University

Ischemic heart diseases are the leading cause of death with increasing numbers of patients worldwide. Despite advances in revascularization techniques, angiogenic therapies remain highly attractive. Physiological ischemia train- ing, which is first proposed in our laboratory, refers to reversible ischemia training of normal skeletal muscles by using a tourniquet or isometric contraction to cause physiologic ischemia for about 4 weeks for the sake of triggering mole- cular and cellular mechanisms to promote angiogenesis and formation of collateral vessels and protect remote ische- mia areas. Physiological ischemia training therapy augments angiogenesis in the ischemic myocardium by inducing differential expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism, cell migration, protein folding, and generation. It upregulates the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, and induces angiogenesis, protects the myocardium when infarction occurs by increasing circulating endothelial progenitor cells and enhancing their migration, which is in accordance with physical training in heart disease rehabilitation. These findings may lead to a new approach of ther- apeutic angiogenesis for patients with ischemic heart diseases. On the basis of the promising results in animal studies, studies were also conducted in patients with coronary artery disease without any adverse effect in vivo, indicating that physiological ischemia training therapy is a safe, effective and non-invasive angiogenic approach for cardiovascular rehabilitation. preconditioning is considered to be the most protective intervention against myocardial ischemia-reper- fusion injury to date. Physiological ischemia training is different from preconditioning. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical data of physiological ischemia training and its difference from preconditioning.

关键词： physiological ischemia training ischemia preconditioning angiogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor

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Effect of Autophagy Inhibition on the Protection of ischemia preconditioning against Myocardial ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats

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Chinese Medical Journal 2018年第14期131卷 1702-1709页

作者： Ya-Yang Liu Chao Sun Fu-Shan Xue Gui-Zhen Yang Hui-Xian Li Qing Liu Xu Liao Department of Anesthesiology Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100041 China

Background： ischemia preconditioning （IPC） remains the most powerful intervention of protection against myocardial ischemiaJreperfusion injury （IRI）, but diabetes can weaken or eliminate its cardioprotective effect and detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore whether changes of autophagy in the diabetic condition are attributable to the decreased cardioprotective effect of I PC. Methods： Sixty diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control （C）, IRI, rapamycin （R）, wortmannin （W）, rapamycin ＋ IPC （R ＋ IPC）, and wortmannin ＋ IPC （W ＋ IPC） groups. The in vivo rat model of myocardial IRI was established by ligaturing and opening the left anterior descending coronary artery via the left thoracotomy. Durations of ischemia and reperfusion are 30 min and 120 min, respectively. Blood samples were taken at 120 min of reperfusion for measuring serum concentrations of troponin I （TnI） and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB （CK-MB） using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The infarct size was assessed by Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The expressions ofLC3-11, beclin- 1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）, naammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR）, and P-Akt/Akt ratio in the ischemic myocardium were assessed by Western blotting. Results： Compared to the IRI group, infarct size （56.1% ± 6.1% vs. 75.4 ± 7.1%, P 〈 0.05）, serum cTnl （0.61 ± 0.21 vs. 0.95 ±0.26 ng/ml, P 〈 0.05）, and CK-MB levels （6.70 ± 1.25 vs. 11.51 ±2.35 ng/ml, P 〈 0.05） obviously decreased in the W ＋ IPC group. Compared with the C group, myocardial expressions of LC3-11 （0.46 ± 0.04 and 0.56 ± 0.04 vs. 0.36 ± 0.04, P 〈 0.05） and beclin- 1 （0.34 ± 0.08 and 0.38 ± 0.07 vs. 0.24 ±0.03, P 〈 0.05） evidently increased, and myocardial expressions of mTOR （0.26 ± 0.08 and 0.25 ± 0.07 vs. 0.38 ± 0.06, P 〈 0.05）, PI3K （0.29 ± 0.04 and 0.30 ±0.03 vs. 0.38 ± 0.02, P 〈 0.05）, and P-Akt/Akt ratio （0.49 ± 0.10 and 0.48 ± 0.06 vs. 0.72 ± 0.07, P 〈 0.05） mark

关键词： Autophagy Diabetes ischemia preconditioning ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

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Desferoxamine preconditioning protects against cerebral ischemia in rats by inducing expressions of hypoxia inducible factor 1α and erythropoietin

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2008年第2期24卷 89-95页

作者：李云霞丁素菊肖林郭卫詹青第二军医大学附属长海医院神经内科上海200433 第二军医大学神经生物研究所上海200433 同济大学附属同济医院神经内科上海200065

Objective To investigate whether desferoxamine （DFO） preconditioning can induce tolerance against cerebral ischemia and its effect on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1 α （HIF- 1α） and erythropoietin （EPO） in vivo and in vitro. Methods Rat model of cerebral ischemia was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion with or without DFO administration. Infarct size was examined by TTC staining, and the neurological severity score was evaluated according to published method. Cortical neurons were cultured under ischemia stress which was mimicked by oxygen-glucose deprivation （OGD）, and the neuron damage was assessed by MTT assay. Immunofluorescent staining was employed to detect the expressions of HIF-1 and EPO. Results The protective effect induced by DFO （decreasing the infarction volume and ameliorating the neurological function） appeared at 2 d after administration ofDFO （post-DFO）, lasted until 7 d and disappeared at 14 d （P 〈 0.05）; the most effective action was observed at 3 d post-DFO. DFO induced tolerance of cultured neurons against OGD： neuronal viability was increased 23%, 34%, 40%, 48% and 56% at 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively, post-DFO （P 〈 0.05）. Immunofluorescent staining found that HIF-1 α and EPO were upregulated in the neurons of rat brain at 3 d and 7 d post-DFO; increase of HIF-1 α and EPO appeared in cultured cortex neurons at 36 h and 48 h post-DFO. Conclusion DFO induced tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and exerted protective effect on OGD cultured cortical neurons. DFO significant induced the expression of HIF- 1 α and EPO both in vivo and in vitro. DFO preconditioning can protect against cerebral ischemia, which may be associated with the synthesis of HIF- 1 α and EPO.

关键词： desferoxamine ischemia preconditioning hypoxia inducible factor 1 α erythropoietin

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Ischaemic preconditioning-regulated nucleolin protects heart from ischaemia/reperfusion injury by targeting Hsp70

Ischaemic preconditioning-regulated nucleolin protects heart...

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第八届海峡两岸心血管科学研讨会

作者： Bi-mei Jiang~1,Peng-fei Liang~2,Bin Zhang~1,Guang-wen Chen~1,Bin Zhou~1, Qing-liu Lv~2,Zi-zhi Tu~1,Gong-hua Deng~1,Mei-dong Liu~1,Xian-zhong Xiao~* (1.Department of Pathophysiology,Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University,Changsha 410008 China 2.Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery. Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha,410008 China)

＜正＞Rationale Nucleolin plays important roles in various cellular *** previous study has shown that oxidative stress induces the cleavage and downregulation of nucleolin,which is essential for the induction of downstream effector Hsp70 to protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress - induced apoptosis. However,the possible roles of nucleolin in ischaemic preconditioning（IP） remain *** To investigate the expression and role of nucleolin in IP - mediated cardiac *** and Results The expression of nucleolin in vivo in IP - treated hearts was detected by western blot and real - time quantitative *** results demonstrated that nucleolin was significantly induced in IP - treated hearts,which was further confirmed in cellular models of *** transfection and RNA interference approaches were also employed in cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes to investigate the roles of *** overexpression of nucleolin was cytoprotective,whereas nucleolin knockdown abrogated the hypoxia and hydrogen peroxide preconditioning mediated cardiomyocyte ***,transgenic mice with cardiac - specific overexpression of nucleolin showed reduced apoptosis and size of infarction in I/R treated hearts in vivo ompared to those in wild - type *** known cardioprotective protein,Hsp70,was identified as an important candidate target for nucleolin,which was validated experimentally by luciferase reporter activity assay and examining the Hsp70 expression after overexpression or knockdown of nucleolin in *** This study has demonstrated that nucleolin is involved in the regulation of IP - mediated cardiac protection via regulation of Hsp70 and may form a novel therapeutic target for ischemic heart diseases.

关键词： ischemia preconditioning nucleolin ischemia/reperfusion Hsp70

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Remote ischemia conditioning-an endogenous cardioprotective strategy from outside the heart

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第14期124卷 2209-2215页

作者： XIONG Jun LIAO Xu XUE Fu-shan YUAN Yu-jing WANG Qiang LIU Jian-hua Department of Anesthesiology Plastic Surgery Hospital ChineseAcademy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100144 China

Objective A general review was made of studies involving：（1） The experimental evidence of remote ischemic preconditioning （RIPC） and relative clinical studies, （2） The experimental and clinical evidences of remote ischemic postconditioning （RIPOC）, （3） The potential mechanistic pathways underlying their protective *** sources The data used in this review were mainly from manuscripts listed in PubMed that were published in English from 1986 to 2010. The search terms were ＂myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury＂, ＂ischemia preconditioning＂,＂ischemia postconditioning＂, ＂remote preconditioning＂ and ＂remote postconditioning＂.Study selection （1） Clinical and experimental evidence that both RIPC and RIPOC produce preservation of ischemia reperfusion injury （IRI） of myocardium and other organs, （2） Studies related to the potential mechanisms, by which remote ischemic conditioning protects myocardium against *** Both RIPC and RIOPC have been shown to attenuate myocardial IRI in laboratory animals. Also, their cardioprotective effects have appeared in some clinical studies. Except the external, the detailed internal mechanisms of remote ischemic conditioning have been generally described. Through these descriptions better protocols can be developed to provide improved cardioprotective *** Remote ischemic conditioning is an endogenous cardioprotective mechanism from outside the heart that protects against myocardial IRI and represents a general form of inter-organ protection. Remote ischemic conditioning may have an immense impact on clinical practice in the near future.

关键词： myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury ischemia preconditioning ischemia postconditioning remote preconditioning remote postconditioning

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