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Roadmap of the iron-based superconductor Majorana platform

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第6期66卷 3-17页

作者： Wenyao Liu Hong Ding Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Laboratory for Assembly and Spectroscopy of Emergence Boston CollegeChestnut Hill 02215USA CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

With a series of recent breakthroughs,iron-based superconductors(FeSC)with a topological Dirac surface state are becoming a promising material platform for hosting Majorana zero modes,which we refer to as the iron-Majorana platform.This platform uniquely combines high-Tcsuperconductivity,a topological band structure,and electron correlations into a single material,successfully avoiding the difficulties of achieving intrinsic p-wave topological superconductors and superconductor/topological insulator heterojunction systems.The most important advantages of the iron-Majorana platform are its wide topological region and large quasiparticle gap,which provide strong topological protection for pure Majorana zero modes(MZMs).When the superconductor/topological insulator heterojunction systems,e.g.,In As/Al nanowire,have the controversies of being trivial Majorana-like states,the iron-Majorana platform,which possesses well-understood physics and clear experimental evidence of vortex MZMs,is more likely to be a true MZM.However,unlike the nanowire Majorana systems with clear theoretical proposals for braiding schemes,the iron-Majorana system has no concrete method for exchanging the vortex MZMs or constructing a topological qubit.In this article,we propose a roadmap of the future efforts required for more physical exploration and achieving the non-Abelian exchange statistics of MZMs based on the iron-Majorana platform.

关键词： topological superconductor iron-based superconductor Majorana zero modes

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Josephson vortices and intrinsic Josephson junctions in the layered iron-based superconductor Ca_(10)(Pt_(3)As_(8))((Fe_(0.9)Pt_(0.1))_(2)As_(2))_(5)

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Chinese Physics B 2022年第9期31卷 128-133页

作者：随强涛邱祥冈 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

Modulated electronic state due to the layered crystal structures brings about moderate anisotropy of superconductivity in the iron-based superconductors and thus Abrikosov vortices are expected in the mixed state.However,based on the angular and temperature dependent transport measurements in iron-based superconductor Ca_(10)(Pt_(3)As_(8))((Fe_(0.9)Pt_(0.1))_(2)As_(2))_(5) with Tc(≌)12 K,we find clear evidences of a crossover from Abrikosov vortices to Josephson vortices at a crossover temperature T*(≌)7 K,when the applied magnetic field is parallel to the superconducting FeAs layers,i.e.,the angle between the magnetic field and the FeAs layers θ=0°.This crossover to Josephson vortices is demonstrated by an abnormal decrease(increase)of the critical current(flux-flow resistance)below T*,in contrast to the increase(decrease)of the critical current(flux-flow resistance)above T* expected for Abrikosov vortices.Furthermore,when θ is larger than 0.5°,the flux-flow resistance and critical current have no anomalous behaviors across T*.These anomalous behaviors can be understood in terms of the distinct transition from the well-pinned Abrikosov vortices to the weakly-pinned Josephson vortices upon cooling,when the coherent length perpendicular to the FeAs layers ξ⊥ becomes shorter than half of the interlayer distance d/2.These experimental findings indicate the existence of intrinsic Josephson junctions below T* and thus quasi-two-dimensional superconductivity in Ca10(Pt3As8)((Fe0.9Pt0.1)2As2)5,similar to those in the cuprate superconductors.

关键词： iron-based superconductor Abrikosov vortices Josephson vortices intrinsic Josephson junctions

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Photoemission study of iron-based superconductor

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第8期22卷 98-108页

作者：刘中灝蔡贻鹏赵彦阁贾雷雷王善才 Department of Physics Renmin University of China

The iron-based superconductivity （IBSC） is a great challenge in correlated system. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy （ARPES） provides electronic structure of the IBSCs, the pairing strength, and the order parameter symmetry. Here, we briefly review the recent progress in IBSCs and focus on the results from ARPES. The ARPES study shows the electronic structure of ＂122＂, ＂111＂, ＂11＂, and ＂122＂＂ families of IBSCs. It has been agreed that the IBSCs are unconventional superconductors in strong coupling region. The order parameter symmetry basically follows s form with considerable out-of-plane contribution.

关键词： iron-based superconductor angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy gap pairing symmetry

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Controllable Majorana vortex states in iron-based superconducting nanowires

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National Science Review 2022年第9期9卷 195-203页

作者： Chuang Li Xun-Jiang Luo Li Chen Dong E.Liu Fu-Chun Zhang Xin Liu School of Physics and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computing University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University

To reve al the non-Abelian braiding statistics of Major ana zero modes(MZMs),it is crucial to design a Majorana platform,in which MZMs can be easily manipulated in a broad topological nontrivial parameter space.This is also an essential step to confirm their existence.In this study,we propose an iron-based superconducting nanowire system with Majorana vortex states to satisfy desirable conditions.This system has a radius-induced topological phase transition,giving a lower bound for the nanowire radius.In the topological phase,the iron-based superconducting nanowires have only one pair of MZMs over a wide range of radii,chemical potential and external magnetic fields.The wave function of MZMs has a sizable distribution at the side edge of the nanowires.This property enables the control of the interaction of MZMs in neighboring vortex nanowires and paves the way for Majorana fusion and braiding.

关键词： iron-based superconductor topological phase transition superconducting vortex Majorana zero modes nanowire

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Superconductivity and pseudogap features of an isolated FeAs layer in KCa_(2)Fe_(4)As_(4)F_(2) unraveled by STM/STS

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第8期66卷 131-138页

作者： Shuai Shao Fan Zhang Zongyuan Zhang Teng Wang Yanwei Wu Yubing Tu Jie Hou Xingyuan Hou Ning Hao Gang Mu Lei Shan Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Institutes of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials(Anhui University) Ministry of EducationHefei 230601China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field Laboratory Hefei Institutes of Physical Science(HFIPS)Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230031China

To reveal the intrinsic properties of the basic superconducting units,i.e.,the single layered FeSe/FeAs in iron-based superconductors or CuO_(2) planes in cuprate superconductors,is a necessary prerequisite for understanding the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity.Up to now,an isolated FeAs layer has rarely been studied due to the difficulty in materials synthesis.Here,we report a scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy(STM/STS)study on the iron-based superconductor KCa_(2)Fe_(4)As_(4)F_(2).In situ cleavage produced a single FeAs layer covered by a reconstructed K surface,which is isolated from the bulk by the underlying CaF layer and shows multi-band superconductivity with a much lower T_(c) than its bulk counterpart.In the exposed As-terminated regions with coverage of scattered K atoms,a pseudogap was observed,leading to an inhomogeneous superconductivity without long-range phase coherence in real space,which is remarkably similar to the high-T_(c) cuprate superconductors.These results provide a new perspective to understanding the origin of superconductivity in iron-based superconductors.

关键词： iron-based superconductor two-dimensional properties electronic correlation carrier doping scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy

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Evidence for bosonic mode coupling in electron dynamics of LiFeAs superconductor

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第10期29卷 90-95页

作者：李聪代光阳蔡永青王阳望贤成高强刘国东黄元王庆艳张丰丰张申金杨峰王志敏彭钦军许祖彦靳常青赵林周兴江 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China

Super-high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements are carried out on LiFeAs superconductor to investigate its electron dynamics. Three energy scales at ~ 20 meV, ~ 34 meV, and ~ 55 meV are revealed for the first time in the electron self-energy both in the superconducting state and normal state. The ~ 20 meV and ~ 34 meV scales can be attributed to the coupling of electrons with sharp bosonic modes which are most likely phonons. These observations provide definitive evidence on the existence of mode coupling in iron-based superconductors.

关键词： angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES) iron-based superconductor electron boson coupling

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Superconductivity at 44.4 K achieved by intercalating EMIM^(+) into FeSe

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第10期30卷 548-553页

作者：王晋花李庆谢威陈冠宇祝熙宇闻海虎 Center for Superconducting Physics and Materials National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Superconductivity with transition temperature Tc above 40 K was observed in protonated FeSe(Hy-FeSe)previously with the ionic liquid EMIM-BF4 used in the electrochemical process.However,the real superconducting phase is not clear until now.And detailed structural,magnetization,and electrical transport measurements are lacking.By using similar protonating technique on FeSe single crystals,we obtain superconducting samples with Tc above 40 K.We show that the obtained superconducting phase is not Hy-FeSe but actually an organic-ion(C6H11N+2 referred to as EMIM^(+))-intercalated phase(EMIM)xFeSe.By using x-ray diffraction technique,two sets of index peaks corresponding to different c-axis lattice constants are detected in the obtained samples,which belong to the newly formed phase of intercalated(EMIM)xFeSe and the residual FeSe,respectively.The superconductivity of(EMIM)xFeSe with Tc of 44.4 K is confirmed by resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements.Temperature dependence of resistivity with different applied magnetic fields reveals that the upper critical field Hc2 is quite high,while the irreversibility field Hirr is suppressed quickly with increasing temperature till about 20 K.This indicates that the resultant compound has a high anisotropy with a large spacing between the FeSe layers.

关键词： FeSe iron-based superconductor electrochemical intercalation

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Nodal superconducting gap in LiFeP revealed by NMR:Contrast with LiFeAs

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第4期30卷 113-118页

作者：房爱芳周睿 H Tukada 杨杰邓正望贤成靳常青郑国庆 Department of Physics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciencesand Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsBeijing 100190China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Department of Physics Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530Japan

Identifying the uniqueness of FeP-based superconductors may shed new lights on the mechanism of superconductivity in iron-pnictides.Here,we report nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) studies on LiFeP and LiFeAs which have the same crystal structure but different pnictogen atoms.The NMR spectrum is sensitive to inhomogeneous magnetic fields in the vortex state and can provide the information on the superconducting pairing symmetry through the temperature dependence of London penetration depth λ_(L).We find that λ_(L) saturates below T~0.2 T_(C) in LiFeAs,where T_(C) is the superconducting transition temperature,indicating nodeless superconducting gaps.Furthermore,by using a two-gaps model,we simulate the temperature dependence of λ_(L) and obtain the superconducting gaps of LiFeAs,as Δ_(1)=1.2 kB T_(C) and Δ_(2)=2.8 k_(B)T_(C),in agreement with previous result from spin-lattice relaxation.For LiFeP,in contrast,λ_(L) does not show any saturation down to T~0.03 T_(C),indicating nodes in the superconducting gap function.Finally,we demonstrate that strong spin fluctuations with diffusive characteristics exist in LiFeP,as in some cuprate high temperature superconductors.

关键词： iron-based superconductor nuclear magnetic resonance superconducting pairing symmetry spin fluctuations

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Topological quantum states of matter in iron-based superconductors:from concept to material realization

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National Science Review 2019年第2期6卷 213-226页

作者： Ning Hao Jiangping Hu Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and Kavli Institute of Theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter

We review recent progress in the exploration of topological quantum states of matter in iron-based superconductors. In particular, we focus on the non-trivial topology existing in the band structures and superconducting states of iron’s 3d orbitals. The basic concepts, models, materials and experimental results are reviewed. The natural integration between topology and high-temperature superconductivity in iron-based superconductors provides great opportunities to study topological superconductivity and Majorana modes at high temperature.

关键词： iron-based superconductor topological insulator topological superconductor spin–orbit coupling

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Distinct behavior of electronic structure under uniaxial strain in BaFe_(2)As_(2)

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第1期33卷 675-679页

作者：李佳俊 Giao Ngoc Phan 王兴玉杨发枝胡全欣贾可赵金刘文尧张任杰石友国李世亮钱天丁洪 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 201210China

We report a study of the electronic structure of BaFe_(2)As_(2) under uniaxial strains using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and transport measurements. Two electron bands at the MY point, with an energy splitting of 50 meV in the strain-free sample, shift downward and merge into each other under a large uniaxial strain, while three hole bands at theГ point shift downward together. However, we also observed an enhancement of the resistance anisotropy under uniaxial strains by electrical transport measurements, implying that the applied strains strengthen the electronic nematic order in BaFe_(2)As_(2). These observations suggest that the splitting of these two electron bands at the MY point is not caused by the nematic order in BaFe_(2)As_(2).

关键词： iron-based superconductor angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy uniaxial strain symmetry breaking

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