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Chinese Geographical Science 1997年第4期7卷 328-338页

作者：贺灿飞陈颖周颖

Foreign direct investments (or FDIs) have been employed since the early 1980s and they have become more and more immportant in Chinese economic development. However, the roles of FDIs are very different between regions, partly due to the different locational preference of various source countries. Some facts show that FDIs from Hongkong - Macao indicate a strong locational preference. Therefore, this paper attempts to make an empirical research on the locational preference of Hongkong - Macao’s FDIs and their spatial diffusion under the support of statistical data with regrereion analysis. In this paper, three statistical models, including the special location model, the general location model and the spatial diffusion model, are created. The results show that this kind of analysis is successful. The major conclusions are as follows. (1) The optimum location for FDIs from Hongkong - Macao lies in the coastal area, especially Guangdong, Hainan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Fujian provinces. Besides, Hubei Province is also an important radon. (2) The FDIs from HongkongMacao in China have diffused gradually from the coastal provinces to the inland regions, the northem and the metropolis and from the locations that had attracted a large number of investments to their vicinities since the 1990s. (3) The special location factors, such as the herder effect, the unique social and kinship ties are the key factors determining the special locational distribution. (4) The general location and spatial diffusion of Hongkong - Macao’s FDIs are the results of interplay of several economic factors. They are the economic scale and advantage, the growth rate, the laier force and economic extrovert etc.

关键词： Hongkong - Macao Foreign direct investments (or FDIs) location model

Application of LED Type Lamps in Domestic and Public Utilities and Gain Capability to Run New Small investments in Rwanda

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第10期5卷 775-778页

作者： Mukundufite Fabien Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department National University of Rwanda Huye Rwanda

The Rwandan State-run Energy Water and Sanitation Authority Company (EWSA) is rapidly increasing the number of population having access to electrical power energy. 30% of electrical energy is used in lighting. The incandescent bulbs, compact fluorescent lamp bulbs as well as fluorescent tubes are mostly used to convert electrical energy into light. The said light sources have many disadvantages such as excessive power consumption leading to giant bills of electricity, short life span leading to continuous replacement of lamps, and emission of CO2. Application of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps in lighting in long term suppresses the aforementioned problems resulting into saving of money that will be used for running new small investments.

关键词： LEDs Lamps Lighting Systems in Domestic and Public Utility Building Small investments

Proposal for a Tax Rate Swap to Shield Against the Gap Between Statutory and Effective Tax Rates-A Boost for Entrepreneurship and a Motive for New investments

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Management Studies 2021年第2期9卷 137-152页

作者： Nicholas Belesis Nansy Karali Christina Heliotis University of Piraeus PiraeusGreece Georgetown University Law Center Washington D.C.USA

This paper focuses on a common problem for entrepreneurs and investors:the uncertainty around the actual tax rate,which is the percent of net income that a corporation pays in *** uncertainty results from a difference(i.e.,a gap)between the statutory and the effective tax rate,which is the actual tax *** gap results from the legal framework which provides that certain types of incomes and expenses are not considered *** gap causes significant uncertainty and may hinder *** paper studies this gap in seven OECD countries(Austria,Canada,France,Germany,Italy,UK,and USA)and *** selected the 10 top-listed companies of each country and calculated the gaps for the period *** findings proved that these gaps are unstable and may differ between companies of the same country and between *** addition,gaps of specific companies may change over *** key outcome of this paper is the proposal of a new derivative tax rate *** this derivative,governments will be able to eliminate the gap of specific companies,attract new investment,and increase entrepreneurship.

关键词： tax rate swap corporate taxes statutory tax rate effective tax rate investments entrepreneurship

The Turkish Economy in the Period between 1990 and 2000 in the Light of the Open Economy Policies of the 1980s Developments

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Economics World 2024年第3期11卷 122-135页

作者： Sitki Selim Dolanay Istanbul Topkapi University IstanbulTürkiye

The structure of the economy seems to have been reshaped for the post-1980 period with the decisions of January 24,1980 and the structural changes that *** the 1980s,which can be called the transition process to a Free-Market Economy and an open economy,on the one hand,the privatization of state institutions and the determination of the prices of goods and services in free market conditions were tried to be ensured in order to withdraw the state from economic life,on the other hand,it was tried to grant freedom to foreign trade and capital *** these two main issues were being realized,the import substitution industrialization strategy was abandoned and the export-led growth model was started to be *** last step of this process of opening up and liberalization was realized with the decision numbered 32 in *** the change in the economic structure was achieved through domestic borrowing in the 1980s,with the liberalization of capital movements in the 1990s,it was seen that economic growth and development were tried to be achieved with hot money inflows rather than foreign direct *** orientation made the economy more open to crises,and for the first time there was a crisis in the form of the 1994 economic crisis,which was understood to be caused by hot *** 1994 economic crisis could only be overcome by giving government guarantees to bank deposits and issuing high-interest Treasury *** the new banking regulations could not prevent the emergence of similar new economic crises in the following ***,we can say that the economic crisis experienced in the 2000s brought about a political transformation along with creating great economic problems.

关键词： Turkish economy free market economy import export investments economic growth inflation

Default rules in investment decision-making:trait anxiety and decision-making styles

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 795-820页

作者： Elisa Gambetti Micaela Maria Zucchelli Raffaella Nori Fiorella Giusberti Department of Psychology University of BolognaV.le Berti Pichat 540127 BolognaItaly

This study investigates the role of default options in the relationship between trait anxiety,and decision-making styles and financial *** hundred and ninety-four participants were divided into three groups and subjected to three different *** each experimental condition,they had to decide whether to accept or reject investment *** the first group,they had been enrolled in investment plans by default(opt-out condition),in the second group,they had not been automatically enrolled in these plans(opt-in condition),and in the third group they had to choose whether to enroll or not(control condition).The results showed that the investment decisions of anxious,avoidant,rational and dependent individuals could be facilitated by default *** conclusion,using default options as a“nudge”can support specific groups of people to improve their financial decisions.

关键词： Nudge Default options Anxiety Decision-making styles investments

Quantifying the Indirect Benefits of Transport Infrastructures and Value Capture Ways in Transportation

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2001年第4期12卷 28-36页

作者：翁东风仝允桓费奇 Systems Engineering Research Institute Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074. P. R. China School of Economics and Management Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China Systems Engineering Research Institute Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China

Urban transportation is closely related to land use. The changes of transportation cost and accessibility have a direct impact on land use and land prices. Land exploitation and land use play a role of redistributing traffic flow in the urban districts. Real property values are regarded as a sole comprehensive index representing all the benefits generated by transport investment. We have applied the theory of time value on transportation to land price model to evaluate the increased value of real estate resulting from improved accessibility. Agency responsible for the development of urban transport infrastructure can capture part of the financial benefit gained by real estate development through a variety of value capture. This enables us to transfer indirect benefit of transport infrastructure construction to transport enterprise and achieve a benign cycle between urban transport investment and land exploitation.

关键词： Costs Highway traffic control investments Motor transportation Value engineering

Advocacy and Use of Advocates as a Quick Win in Scaling Up Biofortification in Nigeria: The Case of Building Nutritious Food Basket (BNFB) Project

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第9期13卷 797-810页

作者： Olapeju Phorbee Oguzor Gift Adeola Ojo Ganiyat Olatunde Adeyinka Onabolu International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan Nigeria Food Agriculture and Nutrition Network (FANN) Abuja Nigeria Rivers State Primary Health Care Management Board Port Harcourt Nigeria Dorcas Eunice Foundation Ibadan Nigeria Formerly Raw Material Research and Development Council (RMRDC) Abuja Nigeria Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Abuja Nigeria

The Building Nutritious Food Baskets (BNFB) Project explored advocacy and the use of advocates as a model strategy for scaling up biofortification in Nigeria during its three-year implementation. In addition to its direct advocacy efforts, the BNFB project identified and selected key personnel across disciplines, gender and sectors, based on some selected criteria, as Advocates to support the scaling up of biofortification by raise of investments, resource mobilization, the inclusion of biofortification in relevant policy documents, strategies and plans of action. To realize these, the selected 32 Advocates were empowered to mainstream biofortification into their existing and/or potential programs/projects, as well as create awareness and demand for biofortified crops within their spheres of influence. Training and retreats were organized for the Advocates to strengthen their capacities in advocacy and promotion of biofortification and biofortified crops, while a social platform was launched to share opportunities, experiences and address issues around biofortification within the Advocates. As a result of these efforts, biofortification was included in three key national policies, strategies/plans of actions with resource allocation, and investments, over USD3 million were raised for biofortification. The Federal Government of Nigeria and some external governments became committed to biofortification programs while biofortified crops were mainstreamed in at least two national programs in Nigeria. Biofortified crops were included in the Home-Grown School Feeding Program of two states. The use of Advocates proved to be a resultful strategy in the biofortification scaling up model of BNFB as the advocates, upon being trained, looked out within their sectors and disciplines to mainstream biofortification into their programs. They gave timely information on potential opportunities to follow up with in influencing favorable policies;they mobilized resources nationally, re

关键词： Biofortification Advocacy Policy investments Scaling Up

A model of optimising political expenditures to buy government power

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Economic and Political Studies 2019年第4期7卷 433-453页

作者： Austin Murphy Department of Accounting and Finance School of Business AdministrationOakland UniversityRochesterMIUSA

This research develops a model of optimal political expenditures and shows how money inevitably controls government leaders,subject only to a single constraint relating to negative public *** paper demonstrates theoretically why many businesses do not make such investments despite abnormally high returns from the expended political *** particular,firms with less economic resources optimally recognise that they can successfully participate in the political process only in consortium with the dominant players of mutual interests to influence broader government *** largest corporations are therefore able to buy government power with a minimal political outlay.

关键词： Lobbying campaign contributions special interests political capital elections investments

World Investment Report 2006. FDI from Developing and Transition Economies: Implications for Development

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Fundamentals of Investment Management: : / 6th ed.

丛书名： World Investment Report

2006年

作者： United Nations - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Fundamentals of Investment Management: : /