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Effects of plant intraspecific variation on the prediction of C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation ratio from carbon isotope composition of topsoil organic matter across grasslands

中药与天然药高峰论坛暨第十二届全国中药和天然药物学术研讨会

作者： Xiaochen Chen~1,Baosheng Liao~1,Jingyuan Song~1,Shilin Chen~(1,2),Jianping Han~(1,*) 1.Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,PR China 2.China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China.

Aim of the study:Firstly to identify Panax genus by SNP sites,and to set up a special molecular identification method of ***,***,*** and *** in Pharmacopoeia of *** and methods:Three regions(ITS2,matK and psbA-trnH)were chosen to investigate intraspecific variation by K2P(Kimura-two-parameter)model in medicinal plants of Panax genus from different populations based on DNA barcoding *** of 167 ITS2 sequences of the four species were analyzed,including 87 samples of ***,27 of ***,31 of *** and 22 of *** in ITS2 region were detected and the phylogenetic tree using maximum parsimony method based on ITS2 sequence was built to identify Panax species with their *** of intragenomic and intraspecific variation of ITS2 in the four Panax species were studied by comparing all of the multiple copies in genome by 454 high throughout sequencing with the sequences obtained from large number of samples by the direct PCR product ***:intraspecific genetic distance in ***,*** and *** were pretty *** variation of ITS2 occured in *** and ***, while the intragenomic of *** and *** also shared little *** dominant variation in ***,*** possessed about 97.61%and 98.64%respectively of the whole variation in genome,which showed that the ITS2 could be considered as a single locus in genome of *** and *** on 87 samples of *** and 27 samples of P. quinquefolius analysis,two SNPs in ITS2 sequences were proved to exist stably between them. What’s more,one of the two SNPs existing in ITS2 of *** and one SNP in ITS2 of *** could be used to distinguish them from all of the Panax species *** MP tree of ITS2,the three of the four species aligned in its own clade except ***,separated with their closely relat

关键词： Panax intraspecific variation SNPs ITS2 intragenomic divergence

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第4期14卷 628-637页

作者： Wentao Luo Xiaoguang Wang Karl Auerswald Zhengwen Wang Michael I.Bird Christopher J.Still Xiao-Tao Lv Xingguo Han Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China College of Environment and Resources Dalian Minzu UniversityDalian 116600China Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für GrünlandlehreAlte Akademie 1285350 Freising-WeihenstephanGermany College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage James Cook UniversityCairnsQueensland 4870Australia Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Aims Understanding the patterns and drivers of carbon isotope discrimination(13Δ)in C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups is critical for predicting C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation ratio from the isotopic composition of soil organic *** this study,we aimed to evaluate how intraspecific variation will modify functional group-level 13Δvalues and the associated prediction of C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation *** We investigated 13Δof 726 individual plants(96 species;C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups)and topsoil organic matter in 26 grassland communities along an aridity gradient in northern *** fraction of C_(4)contribution was calculated with mixing models that considered:(i)both intra-and interspecific effects on the 13Δvalues of C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups;(ii)only interspecific effects;or(iii)none of these *** Findings We found divergent responses of plant 13Δat the intraspecific level to the changes of aridity across the *** 13Δof both C_(3)and C_(4)functional groups was negatively correlated with an aridity index,with higher sensitivity for C_(3)than for C_(4)functional *** 13Δvariation played a key role in driving the total 13Δvariations of C_(3)*** such intraspecific effect in mixing models led to a greatly increased fraction of C_(4)contribution to soil organic carbon.A correction for the effects of intraspecific variation is therefore essential for correctly inferring C_(3)/C_(4)vegetation ratio in the *** findings provide basic information for the reconstruction of past vegetation change from bulk materials in arid and semiarid biomes.

关键词： arid and semiarid grasslands interspecific variation intraspecific variation soil organic matter two-member mixing models vegetation ratio

Vertebrae of Modern Viperids of the Far East:Comparative Characterisation for the Identification of Their Fossil Remains

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第3期15卷 152-172页

作者： Viatcheslav RATNIKOV Voronezh State University Voronezh 394018Voronezhskaya OblastRussia

Fossil remains of snakes in Quaternary localities are most often represented by ***,it is necessary to carry out a comparative study of the vertebrae of modern species in the areas of interest to identify fossil *** this study,we examined 52 specimens of viperids(7 specimens of Gloydius intermedius,12 specimens of Gloydius ussuriensis,6 specimens of Gloydius halys,4 specimens of Vipera sakhalinensis,16 specimens of Vipera berus,and 7 specimens of Vipera renardi).The features of the trunk,cervical,cloacal and caudal vertebrae of 6 species from 2 genera are *** vertebrae of the Viperidae are highly similar across species,with variation along the vertebral ***,they can be distinguished if their exact position within the vertebral column is *** most important diagnostic feature is the shape of the hypapophysis,especially when identifying the cervical *** other morphological features,it is important to consider the shape of the ventral surface of the vertebra,prezygapophyseal and parapophyseal processes,neurapophysis,and *** the epistropheus,the position of the anterior edge of the neurapophysis in relation to the anterior edge of the neural arch is also *** caudal vertebrae bear the greatest *** is a significant overlap between the ratios of different measurements(indices)in different ***,if an index is out of the overlapping zone,it is possible to identify a vertebra more or less accurately,especially when considering it in conjunction with other indices and morphological characteristics.

关键词： interspecific differences intraspecific variation vertebrae viperids

Image analysis of Moroccan carob seeds(Ceratonia siliqua L.)revealed substantial intraspecific variations depending on climate and geographic origin

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 455-468页

作者： Jalal Kassout Younes Hmimsa Salama El Fatehi Abdeltif El Ouahrani Khalil Kadaoui Soufian Chakkour David Ariza‑Mateos Guillermo Palacios‑Rodríguez Rafael Navarro‑Cerrillo Mohammed Ater Laboratory of Applied Botany Bio‑Agrodiversity TeamFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Abdelmalek EssaadiTétouanMorocco Associated International Laboratory EVOLEA INEE‑CNRS‑CNRSTMontpellierFrance Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache University of Abdelmalek EssaadiLaracheMorocco Forestry Engineering Department ERSAF Research Group RNM‑360University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain

Background:The carob tree(Ceratonia siliqua L.)is one of the most iconic tree species of the Mediterranean region,with valuable economic,ecological and cultural *** has been exploited around the Mediterranean region since antiquity and has been regarded as an important component of natural habitats and traditional *** studies have focused on its morphological,biochemical,and genetic ***,less is known about the intraspecific variation of seed *** this regard,and as an overall objective,we intend to evaluate the amplitude and the expression of intraspecific variations of carob seed traits at different ecological scales ranging from individual trees to different geographical *** addition,we investigated how the climate along the study area affects the extent of carob seed *** image analysis techniques,we measured seven traits related to the size and the shape of 1740 seeds collected from 18 populations of spontaneous *** distributed along a latitudinal transect in Morocco under different bioclimatic ***:The morphometric analysis of carob seed showed the effectiveness of adopted approach to highlight the amount and the amplitude of intraspecific variation according to geographic and climatic *** trait analysis revealed high intraspecific variability,explained by differences between and among carob populations and geographic *** area,perimeter,length,and width showed the largest variability between geographic ***,circularity,aspect ratio,and seed roundness showed higher variability at the tree ***,our results show that seed traits vary depending on altitude and climate ***:Revealing the amount and the structure of intraspecific traits variability of carob seed provides interesting insights to understand the mechanisms underlying trees adaptation to various environmental and ecological ***,intraspecific variatio

关键词： Carob tree Image analysis Seed traits intraspecific variation Morocco

广赤眼蜂滞育诱导中的种内变异及复寄生的作用(英语)

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Insect Science 1995年第4期2卷 337-344页

作者：李丽英朱涤芳广东省昆虫研究所广东省昆虫研究所广州510260

研究了采自伊朗不同害虫的两种广赤眼蜂种群(*** A和*** B)的滞育,在米蛾卵内用恒温8℃,5℃或变温(11-23)℃-11℃容易地诱导*** A进入稳定的滞育,但却不能用同样的温度和寄主诱导*** B进入滞育.试验表明,母代的寄主和避免复寄生的能力... 详细信息

研究了采自伊朗不同害虫的两种广赤眼蜂种群(*** A和*** B)的滞育,在米蛾卵内用恒温8℃,5℃或变温(11-23)℃-11℃容易地诱导*** A进入稳定的滞育,但却不能用同样的温度和寄主诱导*** B进入滞育.试验表明,母代的寄主和避免复寄生的能力可能在广赤眼蜂滞育诱导种内变异中起重要作用.

关键词： Trichogramma evanescens Westwood intraspecific variation superparasitism diapause induction

Ring Clinal variation in Morphology of the Green Odorous Frog(Odorrana margaretae)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2020年第2期11卷 108-114页

作者： Guannan WEN Jinzhong FU Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphOntario NIG 2W1Canada

The green odorous frog(Odorrana margaretae)has an interesting ring-shaped divergence pattern around the Sichuan Basin and documenting its morphological variations is essential in understanding its evolutionary *** curvilinear models,we detected significant geographical clinal variations in morphological traits,particularly sizes,of female *** had significantly smaller sizes than females,and also had smaller variation ranges than *** major trend of morphological variations was clinal:populations from the west tended to have a larger size with wider head and longer posterior limbs than populations from the *** history,with an early extended isolation and two subsequent secondary contacts,may explain most of the geographical clinal variations of *** factors may also contribute in explaining the variance of morphology.

关键词： geographical clinal intraspecific variation morphology Odorrana margaretae

Flexible mating tactics and associated reproductive effort during the rutting season in male reindeer （Rangifer tarandus, L. 1758）

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 802-810页

作者： Eliana PINTUS Stefania UCCHEDDU Knut H. RФED Javier Perez GONZALEZ Juan CARRANZA Mauri NIEMINEN Фystein HOLAND Department of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Kamycka 129 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol Czech Republic Ungulate Research Unit Game and Fish Research Center University of Cordoba 14071 Cordoba Spain Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences EO. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033 Oslo Norway Guarderia Rural Mancomunidad de Municipios Centro (MIMC) 06810 Calamonte Spain Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute Reindeer Research Station 99910 Kaamanen Finland Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences RO. Box 5003 N-1432 As Norway

Polygynous males can change their mating tactics across their lifetime, but information is scarce on the flexibility of this trait within a given season and the relative costs and benefits of using different tactics. Here, we monitored individually marked male reindeer Rangifer tarandus and classified their mating tactics as harem-defense, sneaking, or mixed. The costs of the male reproductive effort were assessed using both direct （i.e. percentage of body mass lost） and indirect measures （i.e. activity patterns such as feeding, standing, and walking）, while mating group size and reproductive success were recorded as mating ef- fort benefits. Our results show that reindeer males may switch between the harem-defense and sneaking tactics throughout the same breeding season, providing further support to the notion that reproductive tactics are flexible in ungulates. The costs and benefits of male mating effort vary according to the mating tactic, reaching the highest values in harem-holders and the lowest values in sneaking males. Moreover, males who switched between the sneaking tactic and the harem-defence tactic tended to achieve higher mating success than males who consistently used the least costly tactic. Indeed, all harem-holders successfully sired offspring, whereas only two out of three mixed-tactic males sired one calf, and sneaking males did not sire any calves. In conclusion, our results show that reindeer males can modulate their mating efforts during the same breeding season by switching between the most costly harem-defense tactic and the least costly sneaking tactic, suggesting individual solutions to the balance between reproductive effort and mating opportunities [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 802-810, 2015].

关键词： Alternative mating tactics intraspecific variation Phenotypic flexibility Polygynous ungulate Sexual behaviour

Using stable isotope to compare the habitat use and trophie level between the new and old breeding range of wild Crested Ibis in the early breeding season

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 202-207页

作者： Xianglong Xu Jiahu Jiang Yu Lei Chao Wang Baoping Qing Changqing Ding School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Shaanxi Hanzhong Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve YangxianShaanxi723300China

The concept of foraging niche provides an insight into habitat use and dietary information of *** intraspecific variation in foraging niche and trophic level is critical to the understanding of the species response to environmental changes during the process of range expansion,as well as the habitat management for conservation of threatened *** stable isotopic values of eggshell membranes(δ;C andδ;N),we examined whether there are differences in habitat use,trophic level,foraging niche width between the new and old breeding habitats(plains ***)of wild Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)in the early breeding *** Ibis exhibited high variability in bothδ;C andδ;N values,δ;C andδ;N varied as a function of habitat *** breeding in plains had significantly higherδ;C but lowerδ;N values compared to the birds breeding in ***δ;N suggested that individuals in mountains consumed a great proportion of higher trophic level prey species in the early breeding ***,the isotopic niches were distinctly different in positions and showed small overlap between the two habitat *** niche width was wider in old habitat than in the expanded new *** results demonstrated that the wild Crested Ibis had a high intraspecific variation in habitat uses and trophic levels in the early breeding season,and they could be divided into mountain and plain groups based on their different foraging *** difference inδ;N and niche width revealed that high trophic level food resources might be insufficient in *** findings stressed the importance of protecting foraging grounds in mountains and the necessity of improving foraging grounds in plains during winter and *** study highlights the feasibility of investigating intraspecific variation in foraging ecology of birds through non-invasive isotopes of eggshell *** foraging niche variation gives us an insight into the food resource diversity

关键词： Diet breadth Eggshell membranes Foraging niche intraspecific variation Nipponia nippon Non-invasive Range expansion

Sex differences in the foraging behavior of a generalist hawkmoth

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 304-314页

作者： Gordon P.Smith Goggy Davidowitz Ruben Alarcón Daniel R.Papaj Judith L.Bronstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA Department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA Department of Biology California State University Channel IslandsCamarilloCaliforniaUSA Current address:Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA

Within-species variation in pollinator behavior is widely observed, but its causes have been minimally investigated. Pollinator sex is associated with large differences in behavior that may lead to predictable differences in flower foraging, but this expectation has not been explicitly tested. We investigate sex-associated differences in nectar-foraging behavior of the hawkmoth Hyles lineata, using pollen on the proboscis as a proxy for flower visitation. We tested two predictions emerging from the literature: (1) the sexes differ in the flower species they visit, (2) females are more specialized in flower choice. We also examined potential drivers underlying these predictions by performing field and laboratory experiments to test whether males (3) switch among flower species more frequently, or (4) fly farther and therefore encounter more species than females. Consistent with prediction (1), pollen load composition differed between the sexes, indicative of visitation differences. Contrary to prediction (2), females consistently carried more species-rich pollen loads than males. (3) Both sexes switched between flower species at similar rates, suggesting that differences in floral fidelity are unlikely to explain why females are less specialized than males. (4) Males flew longer distances than females;coupled with larger between-site differences in pollen composition for females, this result suggests that sex differences in mobility influence foraging, and that females may forage more frequently and in smaller areas than males. Together, our results demonstrate that sex-associated foraging differences can be large and consistent over time, and highlight the importance of sex as a driver of variation in pollinator behavior.

关键词： hawkmoths intraspecific variation pollination sex differences