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Intoxicated Eyewitnesses: The Effects of Alcohol on Eyewitness Recall across Repeated interviews

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2013年第3期2卷 107-114页

作者： David La Rooy Annabelle Nicol Philip Terry Department of Psychology Kingston University London London UK School of Social & Health Sciences University of Abertay Dundee Dundee UK

The study evaluated the usefulness of repeat-interviewing of witnesses to crimes who were intoxicated by alcohol at the time of the incident and their first interview, and then re-interviewed when not intoxicated the following day. Sixty young, social drinkers were divided into three groups. One group was given a “placebo” (alcohol-like) beverage, a second was given a “low dose” of alcohol (0.2 g/kg men;0.17 g/kg women), and a third was given a “high dose” of alcohol (0.6 g/kg men;0.52 g/kg women) over a 15 minute period. Twenty minutes later they viewed a 4-minute video of a crime, and afterwards they were given two opportunities to recall everything that they could remember from the incident;the first opportunity was immediately after the event, and the second was 24 hours later. Analyses of the quantity and accuracy of the details recalled revealed no overall increase in the total amount of information recalled between the first and second recall opportunities. However, on average, 18% of the details recalled by participants in the second test were new and accurate. The incidence of contradictions between the first and second recall opportunities was less than 1%. Surprisingly, none of the effects were influenced by alcohol, even at the highest dose. The results imply that 1) memory for at least some incidents observed under the influence of alcohol is resilient even up to relatively high blood-alcohol levels;and 2) the repeated interviewing of witnesses who were intoxicated at the time of the crime can reveal additional, reliable information that is not present at the initial interview, just as is the case for non-intoxicated witnesses.

关键词： Alcohol Eyewitness Memory Repeated interviews Reminiscence

Ji Yi,the First Chinese Writer to Travel the golbe for interviews

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China Today 1998年第8期47卷 50-51页

ＪｉＹｉ，ｔｈｅＦｉｒｓｔＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＷｒｉｔｅｒｔｏＴｒａｖｅｌｔｈｅｇｏｌｂｅｆｏｒＩｎｔｅｒｖｉｅｗｓＢｙＳＵＮＨＥＮＧＪｉＹｉ，ｎｏｗ４１，ｈａｓｗｏｒｋｅｄａｓａｐｅａｓａｎｔ，ｓｏｌｄｉｅｒ，ｊｏｕｒｎ... 详细信息

ＪｉＹｉ，ｔｈｅＦｉｒｓｔＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＷｒｉｔｅｒｔｏＴｒａｖｅｌｔｈｅｇｏｌｂｅｆｏｒＩｎｔｅｒｖｉｅｗｓＢｙＳＵＮＨＥＮＧＪｉＹｉ，ｎｏｗ４１，ｈａｓｗｏｒｋｅｄａｓａｐｅａｓａｎｔ，ｓｏｌｄｉｅｒ，ｊｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓｔａｎｄｗｒｉｔｅｒ，ａｎ...

关键词： interviews First Chinese

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A Study of Data Collection based on the Analysis of interviews and Questionnaires

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海外英语 2020年第6期 275-276页

作者：龚翠玲 Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology Xuzhou 221000China

There are several approaches to data collection, such as questionnaires, interviews, observations, focus groups and so on. This essay will look at two specific methods, interviews and questionnaires. It will involve individual strengths and weaknesses at first and then have a brief clarification of'why'and'when'to use. Finally, this essay will list out some problems that researchers might face during the process.

关键词： data collection interviews questionnaires methods

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Patient experience of scar assessment and the use of scar assessment tools during burns rehabilitation:a qualitative study

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Burns & Trauma 2021年第1期9卷 441-453页

作者： Kate Price Naiem Moiemen Laura Nice Jonathan Mathers College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamBirminghamUK Scar Free Foundation Centre for Conflict Wound Research Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK Institute of Applied Health Research University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Background:Scar assessment plays a key role during burns aftercare,to monitor scar remodelling and patients’psychosocial well-being.To aid assessment,subjective scar assessment scales are available that use health-care professionals’and patients’opinions to score scar characteristics.The subjective scales are more widely used in clinical practice over objective scar measures.To date,there is no research that considers patients’views on scar assessment and the role of subjective and objective assessment tools.Therefore,the aim of this qualitative study was to explore patients’perspectives on scar assessment and the utility of scar assessment tools during burns rehabilitation.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 adult burn patients who were being reviewed in clinic for scarring.Participants were recruited via their clinical care team and research nurses at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital,Birmingham,UK.Topics covered during interview included patient experience of scar assessment,the use of scar assessment tools and discussion surrounding important factors to be addressed when assessing scars.A thematic analysis using the Framework Method was conducted.Results:Participants identified key subthemes that contribute towards the overarching theme of patient-centred scar assessment.These are:patient-led care;continuity in care;learning how to self-manage scarring;and psychological assessment.Links were demonstrated between these subthemes and the remaining themes that describe scar assessment strategies,indicating their potential patient-centred contributions.The subjective opinions of clinicians were found to be valued above the use of subjective or objective scar assessment tools.Scar assessment scales were perceived to be a beneficial method for self-reflection in relation to psychosocial function-ing.However,minimal feedback and review of completed assessment scales led to uncertainty regarding their purpose.Patients perceived objective tools to be of primary use for health-care professionals,though

关键词： Burns Scarring Scar assessment Scar assessment scales Qualitative research interviews Objective scar assessment

Methodological challenges of cross-language qualitative research with South Asian communities living in the UK

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2016年第2期4卷 16-28页

作者： Manbinder S.Sidhu Farina Kokab Kate Jolly Tom Marshall Nicola K.Gale Paramjit Gill Institute of Applied Health Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK Health Services Management Centre School of Social PolicyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK

Objective:We investigate(1)the influence of ethnic,gender,and age concordance with inter-viewers and(2)how expression of qualitative data varies between interviews delivered in English and community languages(Punjabi/Urdu)with monolingual and bilingual participants across three generations of the Indian Sikh and Pakistani Muslim communities living in the UK.Methods:We analyzed and interpreted semi-structured interview transcripts that were designed to collect data about lifestyles,disease management,community practices/beliefs,and social net-works.First,qualitative content analysis was applied to transcripts.Second,a framework was ap-plied as a guide to identify cross-language illustrations where responses varied in length,expression and depth.Results:Participant responses differed by language and topic.First-generation migrants when discussing religion,culture,or family practice were far likelier to use group or community narra-tives and give a longer response,indicating familiarity with or importance of such issues.Ethnic and gender concordance generated greater rapport between researchers and participants centered on community values and practices.Further,open-ended questions that were less direct were better suited for first-generation migrants.Conclusion:Community-based researchers need more time to complete interviews in second languages,need to acknowledge that narratives can be contextualized in both personal and com-munity views,and reframe questions that may lead to greater expression.Furthermore,we detail a number of recommendations with regard to validating the translation of interviews from commu-nity languages to English as well as measures for testing language proficiency.

关键词： Ethnicity community concordance language South Asian qualitative interviews

Surviving under the Enemy:Oral Narratives of Middle-Class Women in Japanese-Occupied China(1931-45)

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Frontiers of History in China 2019年第3期14卷 323-352页

作者： Yihong Pan Department of History Miami UniversityOxfordOH 45056USA

In a fragmented wartime China(1931—45),the levels of violence,suffering,and resistance varied in|different regions.The Anti-Japanese War left people with different experiences and memories.To date,both Chinese-and English-language scholarship have paid insufficient attention to the more than two hundred million common Chinese who stayed in Japanese-occupied areas.To help fill this gap,this study provides a thematic analysis of interviews conducted by the author with six Chinese women of the urban middle-class about their experiences in the Japanese-occupied areas.It adds voices and perspectives of ordinary,middle-class women to the rich tapestry of everyday life of wartime China.The oral narratives of these women are everyday accounts of uncertainty,fear,and survival.More important,they are testimonies to the evolution of their gender consciousness and their determination to pursue an education as a means of resisting gender inequality.In addition,these oral narratives show how these women developed strategies in their marriages,work,and political views to reconcile with the reality of living with the enemy.Their everyday forms of resistance helped them maintain dignity in the face of foreign imperialism.

关键词： Anti-Japanese War interviews pseudo-Manzhouguo middleclasswomen occupied China

Working experiences of nursing aides in nursing homes:A qualitative study

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2015年第4期2卷 371-377页

作者： Yan-ping Wei Hong Li Ping Chen Jing Li Huiying Chen Li-Li Chen Clinical Medical College of Fujian Provincial Hospital Fujian Medical UniversityNo 134East StreetFuzhou CityFujian ProvinceChina Fujian Provincial Hospital No 134East StreetFuzhou CityFujian ProvinceChina Nursing School of Fujian Medical University No 1 Xueyuan RoadShangjie TownMinhou CountyFuzhouFujianChina

Objective:To examine how nursing aides in nursing homes perceived their caring work.Methods:Twenty-four nursing aides from one public and one private nursing home in Fuzhou,Fujian Province,China were selected and interviewed in focus groups.Phenomenological analysis was performed.Results:Two themes(positive and negative working experiences)and six sub-themes were drawn:companionship,happiness,trust,achievement,hard work,and grievance.Conclusion:A reasonable work arrangement,positive psychological intervention,and the strengthening of professional,medical and social supports are recommended to improve the work quality and satisfaction of nursing aides in elderly homes.

关键词： Focus groups interviews Nursing aides Nursing homes Qualitative research

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interviews(Ⅱ)

英语学习 1994年第10期 83-83页

作者：雁南

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interviews(I)

英语学习 1994年第9期 86-86页

作者：雁南