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Anuran interorbital distance variation:the role of ecological and behavioral factors

Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 777-786页

作者： Ying JIANG Chuan CHEN Wenbo LIAO Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina Key Laboratory of Artificial Propagation and Utilization in Anurans of Nanchong City China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina Institute of Eco-adaptation in Amphibians and Reptiles China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina

Eye position varies signiﬁcantly among taxonomic levels,and this variation is often shaped by ecological and behavioral factors.Eye position is often positively associated with interorbital distance where species with broad visualﬁelds possess a large distance between the left and right eye.Selective pressures underlying the evolution of the eye position are especially studied in birds and mammals.However,selective pressures underlying the evo-lution of anuran eye position which can be indicated by interorbital distance keep unknown.Here,we investigated the effects of ecological(e.***.habitat type,light availability)and behavioral factors(e.***.activity pattern,foraging mobility,and defensive strategy)on variations in interorbital distance among 260 anuran species in China.Our results showed that variations of the interorbital distance can be signiﬁcantly predicted by the activity pattern.Noc-turnal species had larger interorbital distance than both nocturnal and diurnal species.We also found that foraging mobility and defensive strategy markedly affected variation of interorbital distance.Species having slower foraging mobility and possessing poison glands had larger interorbital distance than species having faster foraging mobility and possessing non-position glands.Light availability tended to be associated with variation of interorbital distance,indicating that species living in weak light tended to possess larger interorbital distance.However,variations of the interorbital space were not associated with habitat type in anurans.Ourﬁndings suggest that anuran behaviors play key roles in shaping visualﬁelds and eye position,thus affecting the evolution of interorbital distance.

关键词： anurans behavioral factors body size hypoallometrical relationship interorbital distance

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