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Agricultural Roots in intergenerational transfers in China

Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第2期13卷 249-280页

作者： Yan Liu Qingqing Zong Guanghua School of Management Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Public Economics and Administration Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Shanghai 200433 China

Economists have been interested in the motivations of intergenerational transfers, for different motivations affect the effectiveness of anti-poverty public transfers. However, one＇s motivation is largely shaped by culture and social conventions. This paper sheds light on the influence of rice cultivation in intergenerational transfers in China. This is also the first time that economists consider cultural factors in the study of intergenerational transfers. Cultivating rice requires elaborate irrigation systems and large amounts of labor input so that rice farmers have to cooperate extensively with their neighbors, which has gradually shaped people＇s value to be more inter-dependent. Based on micro-level data from CHARLS and sub-national rice data from China, our empirical results show strong evidence that individuals from rice regions are more likely to provide economic support for their parents. A one-percentage point increase in the share of rice in the total grain planting area will raise transfer incidence by 0.2-0.4 percentage points, and rice region residents transfer on average 300-400 yuan more in 2011 and about 1,000 yuan more in 2013 to their parents than those from wheat regions. Meanwhile they are more inclined to rely on their adult children for elderly support. Urban citizens are less affected. Using instrumental variable estimation, we are able to prove the effect is causal. With future continued deepening of population aging in China, relying on children for old age support may become more and more unrealistic, the government needs to coordinate the relationship between public transfer and private transfer to ensure the quality of life for the elderly.

关键词： intergenerational transfer rice culture interdependent

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Does the Entrepreneurship of the Parents Affect the Opportunities of their Offspring＇s Entrepreneurship？ Empirical Analysis Based on the CGSS 2010-2013 Data

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第2期13卷 196-222页

作者： Yongmei Hu Yun Xing Faculty of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China College of Education Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 China

The whole society is paying close attention to ＂entrepreneurship,＂ which urges researchers to find an explanatory perspective relatively independent and with causality on the intergenerational transfer of entrepreneurship. Based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey （short for CGSS） during the years 2010-2013, this paper analyzes how parents＇ entrepreneurship affects the probability of their offspring＇s entrepreneurship, and the results show that compared with the offspring of parents who did not start their own business, those whose parents did are more likely to choose to start their own business. In view of historical facts such as the ＂lay-off wave＂ during China＇s transformation into a market economy, we use ＂the annual number of unemployed back to work,＂ a provincial-level indicator, in the 1990s as an instrumental variable to correct possible endogenous problems. We find that parents＇ entrepreneurship has significant positive effects on the probability of their offspring＇s entrepreneurship, which may result from the informal transfer of human capital and wealth from parents to their offspring.

关键词： entrepreneurial opportunities instrumental variable regression lay-offs intergenerational transfer

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社会保障、家庭养老与经济增长

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社会保障制度 2012年第5期

作者：郭凯明龚六堂

本文通过引入社会养老替代家庭养老的经济机制，分析了社会保障制度对人口和经济增长的长期影响。加大社会保障力度可以降低年老人对子女赡养的依赖程度，促使家庭减少生育率。当父母生育更多的是为了将来获得养老保障，而从子女数量中... 详细信息

本文通过引入社会养老替代家庭养老的经济机制，分析了社会保障制度对人口和经济增长的长期影响。加大社会保障力度可以降低年老人对子女赡养的依赖程度，促使家庭减少生育率。当父母生育更多的是为了将来获得养老保障，而从子女数量中获得的直接效用相对较低时，家庭会转为增加对子女的教育投入，从而促进人力资本与经济的增长。数值模拟的结果表明，相对于完全基金制，现收现付制替代家庭养老的作用更明显，对减缓人口增长，促进经济增长的作用也更显著。

关键词：社会保障家庭养老生育决策 social security intergenerational transfer fertility decision

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