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interdependence between transportation system and power distribution system: a comprehensive review on models and applications

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第3期7卷 433-448页

作者： Wei WEI Danman WU Qiuwei WU Miadreza SHAFIE-KHAH Joao PSCATALAO State Key Laboratory of Power System Department ofElectrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Electrical Engineering Technical Universityof DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark School of Technology and Innovations University of VaasaVaasaFinland Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technologyand Science(INESC TEC)PortoPortugal Faculty of Engineering University of PortoPortoPortugal

The rapidly increasing penetration of electric vehicles(EVs) in modern metropolises has been witnessed during the past decade, inspired by financial subsidies as well as public awareness of climate change and environment pro-tection. Integrating charging facilities, especially highpower chargers in fast charging stations, into power distribution systems remarkably alters the traditional load flow pattern, and thus imposes great challenges on the operation of distribution network in which controllable resources are rare. On the other hand, provided with appropriate incentives, the energy storage capability of electric vehicle offers a unique opportunity to facilitate the integration of distributed wind and solar power generation into power distribution system. The above trends call for thorough investigation and research on the interdependence between transportation system and power distribution system. This paper conducts a comprehensive survey on this line of research. The basic models of transportation system and power distribution system are introduced,especially the user equilibrium model, which describes the vehicular flow on each road segment and is not familiar to the readers in power system community. The modelling of interdependence across the two systems is highlighted.Taking into account such interdependence, applications ranging from long-term planning to short-term operation are reviewed with emphasis on comparing the description of traffic-power interdependence. Finally, an outlook of prospective directions and key technologies in future research is summarized.

关键词： Charging station Electric vehicle(EV) interdependence Power flow Power distribution system Transportation system User equilibrium

Assessing Sino-Indian Economic Relations in an interdependence Framework: 1992-2008

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Economic and Political Studies 2015年第1期3卷 129-159页

作者： JOE THOMAS KARACKATTU the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras

This study situates Sino-Indian economic interaction under the interdependence framework.By mapping conflict behavior in this dyad against the trends in the economic interdependence,we find a discernible shift away from escalation(high-level conflict)towards bargaining(diplomatic contestation).This paper argues that interdependence has only recently emerged in the India-China dyad and that lingering strategic distrust,national security consideration,and protectionist tendency have prevented the deepening of economic interdependence.The findings challenge the direction of interdependence in this dyad normally gleaned from nominal trade data.This paper also highlights key issue-areas that inhibit strategic coupling in the bilateral economic interaction.

关键词： economic interdependence trade conflict Sino-India

interdependence and Cooperation between Laos-China

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Interdependence and Cooperation between Laos-China

作者： LATSAATH LAMNGEUNE 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

interdependence is seen as a fundamental feature of the modern international system.interdependence also refers to the influence and constraint of interaction between different actors in the international community.The influence and restraint of such interaction may be symmetrical or asymmetrical to a degree dependent on the role of External "sensitivity" and"vulnerability" size.Between the late 1970s and the mid-80s,the relations between Laos and China have suffered a terrifying challenge due to the complicated international situation,but in 1989,the two countries restored their normal relations,with high degree matching and complementarily in geographical position,society and culture,as well as economical features and development strategy.Both countries have a broad prospect for cooperation,offering a lot of investment opportunities for their enterprises.On the other hand,it has been important for the countries of Southeast Asia,the creation of ASEAN,where the countries that make up this group,pursue the same objectives of economic development and better quality of life for their populations.Within this association of countries,the developing nations will be able to benefit from the experiences of the more developed countries and to obtain cooperation especially in social and economic aspects.Today,China is an important partner for ASEAN;it is the second largest economy in the world and has managed to lift as many people from poverty globally in a short time.For Laos,its integration with ASEAN and with the People’s Republic of China,has been prevalent for its economic growth in recent years,the CUA has been reflected in the rise of its GDP,its international trade and the increase in foreign investment in Investment projects in infrastructure,mining,agriculture,etc.This research wants to analyze the interdependence and cooperation between Laos and China,especially in political,economic（trade and investment）,cultural and social matters.A special case will also be addressed as an example,which is the presence of C

关键词： interdependence cooperation economic zone China Laos ASEAN

Fisheries Management under Ecological interdependence: The Case of European Hake and Blue Whiting Fishery

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Natural Resources 2017年第8期8卷 569-581页

作者： Marcos Pérez-Pérez M. Dolores Garza-Gil Manuel Varela-Lafuente Department of Applied Economics University of Vigo Vigo Spain

In mixed fisheries where there is an increased ecological interdependence between two or more target species, the possibilities of fishing these species must be determined jointly, since catches of one species will impact the natural growth not only of that species but of the others, as well. The objective of this paper is to develop a predator-prey model for two major species caught by the EU fishing fleet on European Union fishing grounds. The predator and prey’s population dynamics follow the Lotka-Volterra equation and are assumed to be logic-based, and a lineal interaction between the predator and prey populations is assumed. Optimal single owner multispecies fishery management is analysed, and the applied model is solved, obtaining the equilibrium value of biomasses, catches, and net benefits of the mixed fishery. The results show that the MSY of the predator is higher than that estimated by ICES, while MSY for prey is lower. The sensitivity analysis of the results reveals that the biomass levels of both species decrease as the discount rate increases, while catches increase.

关键词： Ecological interdependence Mixed Fishery Predator-Prey Model European Hake Blue Whiting

Autonomy and interdependence: quandaries in research ethics

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Health 2012年第4期4卷 173-184页

作者： Bolatito Lanre-Abass Department of Philosophy University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

The autonomy of research participants is crucial in research ethics without which it will be difficult to carry out research. Central to the concept of autonomy is the debate on whether the cultural norms of individuals (particularly women) should be given priority in settings where these norms require that researchers should go through male heads such as husbands and traditional leaders. This paper examines issues relating to the autonomy of women in research ethics. It highlights the far-reaching implications of autonomy for women participating in research using Islam as a religion and Africa as case studies. The paper takes a look at what obtains in Ghana and Nigeria as African countries with diverse religious sects highlighting at the same time the extent to which women are autonomous in some Islamic parts of India and Pakistan. The paper stresses that in spite of certain factors limiting the autonomy of women in Africa and Islam, there is need for a more robust account of autonomy. It takes a relational approach to autonomy concluding at the same time that the best way to do bioethics is to be culture-sensitive.

关键词： Autonomy interdependence Research Participants Relational Autonomy Rights Culture and Dignity

Use of fractal geometry to propose a new mechanism of airway-parenchymal interdependence

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Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology 2012年第1期2卷 14-20页

作者： Kyongyob Min Keita Hosoi Yoshinori Kinoshita Satoshi Hara Hiroyuki Degami Tetsuo Takada Takahiko Nakamura Respiratory Division Department of Internal Medicine Itami City Hospital Hyogo Japan

The topic of airway-parenchymal interdependence (API) is of great importance to those interested in identifying factors that influence airway patency. A carefully designed experiment has raised questions about the classical concept of API. This paper proposes a new mechanism of API. The pulmonary lobe is an aggregated body consisting of many Miller’s lobular polyhedrons and a fractal bronchial tree. The fractal cartilaginous bronchial tree was assumed to be characterized by both Horton’s ratio (Lj+1/Lj=2λ, where Lj+1, and Lj denote the mean lengths of branches at Horsfield’ order of j + 1 and j) and power laws between diameters and lengths of branches. Fluid dynamic parameters of fractal trees were assumed to be interrelated among powers and λ. A non-cartilaginous lobular bronchiole is adjoined to the edge of a lobular polyhedron, and is encircled by an inextensible basement membrane to reflect a reversible relationship of rlLl = constant(c), where rl and Ll denote the diameter and the length of a lobular bronchiole, respectively. API at the level of the lobu-lar bronchiole was described by log(rl) = -(1+λ)/(1+5λ)log(hl/c), where rl and hl denote the diameter of the lobular bronchiole and the parenchymal parameter relating the size of the lobular polyhedron, respectively. If the distribution in sizes of the lobular polyhedrons was described by a Weibull’s probability density function characterized by the shape parameter m as well as the fractal parameter λ = 0.5, the diameter R of a cartilaginous bronchial branch was determined by log(R) = F - 3/7log(h/c), where F(m) denotes a function of m, and h denotes the mean size of the polyhedrons in the lobe. As a conclusion, API can be described by a combination of both lobular API and corresponding adaptive changes in the degree of contraction of airway smooth muscles.

关键词： Self-Similarity of Bronchial Branching Power Laws Fractal Geometry Airways-Parenchymal interdependence

Regional interdependence: A Practical Guidance in Rehabilitation Clinic—Part 2

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2017年第1期5卷 11-28页

作者： Luca Collebrusco Rita Lombardini Giovanna Censi Research Department C.R.O.M.O.N. EDUCAM School Rome Italy Rehabilitation Unit National Health Service of Umbria Perugia Italy Department of Medicine University of Perugia Perugia Italy INRCA University Polytechnic of Marche Ancona Italy

Background: This work has the purpose of describing a well standardized therapeutic path in reference to the article “Regional interdependence: A model that needs to be integrated in the functional evaluation and Physiotherapy treatment—Part. 1,(***/10.4236/ojtr.2016.43010)” in the form of practical guidance in reference to Figure A1. The approach we describe provides standardized techniques for each joint regional quadrant in order to be used in rehabilitation clinic. Therapeutic techniques will also be classified according to the type of maneuver as classified in the literature.

关键词： Physical Therapy Regional interdependence Rehabilitation Visceral Osteopathic Osteopathic Treatment

Cooperative Learning in a Blended Environment:From interdependence to Autonomy or Vice Versa?

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外语教育 2016年第1期 104-115页

作者： ZHANG Mulin School of Foreign Languages Wuhan University of Science and Technology

Learner autonomy is an important pedagogical goal in education. In the literature researchers mainly address its individual dimensions, with its social dimensions seriously under-researched. This study aims to explore the reciprocal relationships between positive interdependence(and its two types:goal interdependence and resource interdependence) and learner autonomy(categorized into four dimensions: goal autonomy,plan autonomy,strategy autonomy and evaluation autonomy). The participants were 170 sophomores enrolled in a non-major English listening and speaking course from a university in central China which adopted blended cooperative teaching. Data were collected by a self-report questionnaire. Correlation and regression analyses indicated significant reciprocal relationships between learner autonomy and positive interdependence. Specifically, resource interdependence better fostered learner autonomy than did goal interdependence,with evaluation autonomy benefiting the most and strategy autonomy the least. This study also confirmed the positive effect of learner autonomy on cooperative learning as mediated by positive interdependence, and therefore characterized blended cooperative learning as'goal-driven, resource-enabled,assessment-guaranteed, and strategy-initiated'.

关键词： Blended learning Cooperative learning Learner autonomy Positive interdependence

Coordinating Supply-Side Reform and Demand-Side Management

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2023年第3期18卷 309-323页

作者： FANG Fuqian School of Economics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

In essence,understanding the relationship between supply-side structural reform and demand-side management requires grasping the interplay between supply and demand.Supply and demand are interdependent and interactive,and their equilibrium determines the equilibrium valuesof microand macroeconomic variables.Focusing solely on either supply or demand,regardless of the time length,is one-sided.To promote supply-side structural reform,China should depend on demand and take a measured approach to its expansion.In the absence of demand,the supply-side structural reform would lose its direction and purpose.Enhancing demand-side management involves delving deeper into supply-side structural reform because the scale and growth of demand,alongside changes in demand structure,are fundamentally influenced by institutional factors.Hence,further reforming the systems and mechanisms that hinder the optimization of demand structure and the growth of demand is precisely what supplyside structural reform should entail.

关键词： supply-sidestructural reform demand-side management interdependence institutional reform development