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Oxidation resistance,thermal expansion and area specific resistance of Fe-Cr alloy interconnector for solid oxide fuel cell

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2017年第1期24卷 77-83页

作者： Liu-zhen Bian Zhi-yuan Chen Li-jun Wang Fu-shen Li Kuo-chih Chou State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

It is promising for metal especially ferritic stainless steel（FSS）to be used as interconnector when the solid oxide fuel cell（SOFC）is operated at temperature lower than 800℃.However,there are many challenges for FSS such as anti-oxidant,poisoning to cathode and high area specific resistance（ASR）when using as SOFC *** effect of Cr content（12-30 mass%）in Fe-Cr alloys on thermal expansion coefficient（TEC）,oxidation resistance,microstructure of oxidation scale and ASR was investigated by thermo-gravimetry,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and four-probe DC *** TEC of Fe-Cr alloys is（11-13）×10^（-6） K^（-1）,which excellently matches with other SOFC *** have excellent oxidation resistance when Cr content exceeds 22mass% because of the formation of chromium on the surface of *** oxidation rate constants kdand ksdecrease rapidly with increasing the Cr content and then increase slowly when the Cr content is higher than 22mass%.The kinetic results indicate that Cr evaporation must be considered at high temperature for Fe-Cr *** the alloys were oxidized in air at 800℃ for500 h,log（ASR/T）（Tis the absolute temperature）presents linear relationship with 1/T and the conduct activation energy is 0.6-0.8eV（Cr16-30）.Optimal Cr content is 22-26mass%considering the oxidation resistance and ASR.

关键词： interconnector High temperature oxidation Solid oxide fuel cell Stainless steel Fe-Cr alloy

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Study on Rare Earth interconnector of La_(1 -x)Ca_xCrO_3

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Journal of Rare Earths 1999年第3期17卷 239-240页

作者：刘晓梅吕吉吉刘江裴力何岗鹰苏文辉 Group of Rare Earth Solid State Physics Jilin University Changchun 130023 China International Center for Materials Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110015 China Center for Condensed Matter and Radiation Physics China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing 100080 China

As an interconnector of solid oxide fuel cell, La 1-x Ca x CrO 3( x =0 0～0 5) were prepared by sol gel method. The crystal structures of La 1-x Ca x CrO 3 at room temperature are the or... 详细信息

As an interconnector of solid oxide fuel cell, La 1-x Ca x CrO 3( x =0 0～0 5) were prepared by sol gel method. The crystal structures of La 1-x Ca x CrO 3 at room temperature are the orthorhombic perovskite GdFeO 3 type. XPS analysis indicates that chrome ions are in different valence state. The introduction of Ca 2+ into the lattice induces the oxidation of Cr 3+ to Cr 6+ . With x increasing, the amount of Cr 6+ increases. The present of the more Cr 6+ is one of the important factors that effect electric conductivity of La 1-x Ca x CrO 3.

关键词： Rare earths La 1-x Ca x CrO 3 High temperature conductivity interconnector

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Utilization of cross-regional interconnector and pumped hydro energy storage for further introduction of solar PV in Japan

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Global Energy Interconnection 2020年第1期3卷 69-76页

作者： Shota Ichimura Renewable Energy Institute 1-13-1 Nishi-Shimbashi Minato-kuTokyoJapan

The amount of solar PV installed capacity has steadily increased to 44.5 GW at the end of FY2017,since the introduction of the Feed in Tariff(FiT)to Japan in *** the other hand,since the first curtailment of solar PV was conducted on October 13th,2018 in the Kyushu area,the curtailment has been frequently executed including wind power after *** this study,cross-regional interconnector and pumped hydro energy storage(PHES)are focused on mitigating *** Japan,there are 9 electric power areas which connected each other by cross-regional *** to the historical operation,cross-regional interconnectors were secured as emergency flexible measures,but after the implicit auction was started from October 2018,it is used on merit *** a PHES in Japan,they have been built with nuclear power plants for several *** the output of nuclear power generation is constant,so the PHES is used to absorb the surplus at nighttime when the demand *** nuclear power plants in Japan have been shut down after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant following the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on March 11th,*** are several nuclear power plants that have been restarted(9 reactors,as of August 2019).In this study,the amount of curtailment for solar PV in the Kyushu area is sent to the Chugoku area using the cross-regional interconnector(Kanmon line).Then,the PHES in the Chugoku area is pumping with low *** the spot price in the market is low when the curtailment is *** that,the PHES is generating at night with high price when the solar PV is not *** makes a profit by the deference for the cost of pumping and the revenue of generating by the *** a calculation result,for one week from May 2nd to 8th,2019,a profit becomes 152.2 million JPY(about 1.22 million EUR).For this purpose,it is necessary to raise the operation capacity of the cross-regional interconnecto

关键词： Solar PV Cross-regional interconnector Pumped hydro energy storage(PHES) Curtailment

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Cost-profit analysis for Japan-Russia and Japan-South Korea interconnectors

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Global Energy Interconnection 2019年第2期2卷 114-121页

作者： Seiichiro Kimura Shota Ichimura Renewable Energy Institute

This paper describes the results of cost-profit analysis related to interconnectors for Japan-Russia and JapanSouth Korea based on the Asia International Grid Connection Study Group 2^(nd) report. The Group has been established in 2016 for conducting research on international electric power networks in Asia from the viewpoint of technology, investment and legal framework. 2^(nd) report of the Group was published in June 2018, examining the profitability of an interconnectors between Japan and neighboring countries. The Group has calculated expected profit from operation of these *** Group has categorized interconnector business into four models from the survey of preceding and current business on grids and interconnectors. To clarify profitability, expected internal rate of return(IRR) was calculated for each business model based on estimated investment cost for each route. When interconnector is dedicated to specific power plants or suppliers and electricity can be sold at Japan wholesale market at 2016-2017 price level, positive IRR levels are expected in case that Free on Board(FOB) price lower than 7 JPY/kWh. When the investment will be covered by electricity tariff by final consumers, tariff for consumers will just slightly increase by approximately 0.1 JPY/kWh.

关键词： interconnector Cost-profit analysis Internal Rate of Return Business model Japan, Russia South Korea

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Route designs and cost estimation for Japan-Russia and Japan-South Korea interconnections

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Global Energy Interconnection 2019年第2期2卷 133-142页

作者： Shota Ichimura Ryo Omatsu Renewable Energy Institute

This paper describes route designs and cost estimation for possible interconnections between Japan-Russia and between Japan-South Korea based on the Asia International Grid Connection Study Group 2^(nd) report. The Group has conducted a desktop study to design several cable routes as possible options. To optimize the route, the group studied a wide range of open data, regarding sea depth, fishery zones, geographic condition, available transmission capacity in connecting points inside Japan and so on. The result of desktop study shows that it is possible to keep sea depth for planned routes less than 300 m and length for most of designed routes is less than 600 km. Compare to existing undersea cables in Europe, proposed routes are not challenging from technical and geological *** study shows that investment cost range, including cost for grid enhancement inside Japan, is from around 200 bn JPY to 600 bn JPY, depending on the routes. Annualized cost range is from around 8 to 24 bn JPY(for 25-year operation), which is not so large compare to 1800 bn JPY-average annual investment in transmission infrastructure by 10 power utilities in the past 23 years.

关键词： interconnector Undersea cable Grid Cable Route AC/DC Converter Japan Russia South Korea.

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