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End-to-End Joint Multi-Object Detection and Tracking for intelligent transportation systems

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023年第5期36卷 280-290页

作者： Qing Xu Xuewu Lin Mengchi Cai Yu‑ang Guo Chuang Zhang Kai Li Keqiang Li Jianqiang Wang Dongpu Cao School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Horizon Information Technology Co. Ltd.Beijing 100096China School of transportation Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Dongfeng USharing Technology Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430000China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Environment perception is one of the most critical technology of intelligent transportation systems(ITS).Motion interaction between multiple vehicles in ITS makes it important to perform multi-object tracking(MOT).However,most existing MOT algorithms follow the tracking-by-detection framework,which separates detection and tracking into two independent segments and limit the global ***,a few algorithms have combined feature extraction into one network;however,the tracking portion continues to rely on data association,and requires com‑plex post-processing for life cycle *** methods do not combine detection and tracking *** paper presents a novel network to realize joint multi-object detection and tracking in an end-to-end manner for ITS,named as global correlation network(GCNet).Unlike most object detection methods,GCNet introduces a global correlation layer for regression of absolute size and coordinates of bounding boxes,instead of ofsetting *** pipeline of detection and tracking in GCNet is conceptually simple,and does not require compli‑cated tracking strategies such as non-maximum suppression and data *** was evaluated on a multivehicle tracking dataset,UA-DETRAC,demonstrating promising performance compared to state-of-the-art detectors and trackers.

关键词： intelligent transportation systems Joint detection and tracking Global correlation network End-to-end tracking

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Continual driver behaviour learning for connected vehicles and intelligent transportation systems: Framework, survey and challenges

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Green Energy and intelligent transportation 2023年第4期2卷 69-80页

作者： Zirui Li Cheng Gong Yunlong Lin Guopeng Li Xinwei Wang Chao Lu Miao Wang Shanzhi Chen Jianwei Gong Chair of Traffic Process Automation “Friedrich List”Faculty of Transport and Traffic SciencesTU Dresden01069 DresdenGermany School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology100081 BeijingChina Transport and Planning Civil Engineering and GeosciencesDelft University of Technology2628 CD Delft School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonE14NS LondonUK Baidu Inc Beijing 100085China State Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications China Information and Communication Technology Group Co.Ltd.(CICT)China

Modelling,predicting and analysing driver behaviours are essential to advanced driver assistance systems(ADAS)and the comprehensive understanding of complex driving ***,with the development of deep learning(DL),numerous driver behaviour learning(DBL)methods have been proposed and applied in connected vehicles(CV)and intelligent transportation systems(ITS).This study provides a review of DBL,which mainly focuses on typical applications in CV and ***,a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art DBL is ***,Given the constantly changing nature of real driving scenarios,most existing learning-based models may suffer from the so-called“catastrophic forgetting,”which refers to their inability to perform well in previously learned scenarios after acquiring new *** a solution to the aforementioned issue,this paper presents a framework for continual driver behaviour learning(CDBL)by leveraging continual learning *** proposed CDBL framework is demonstrated to outperform existing methods in behaviour prediction through a case ***,future works,potential challenges and emerging trends in this area are highlighted.

关键词： Driver behaviours Connected vehicles Continual learning Machine learning intelligent transportation systems

A Nationwide Evaluation of the State of Practice of Performance Measurements for intelligent transportation systems

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Journal of transportation Technologies 2023年第2期13卷 222-242页

作者： Kwabena A. Abedi Julius Codjoe Raju Thapa Department of Civil Engineering University of Louisiana Lafayette LA USA Traffic Simulation & Safety Analysis Design Division Texas Department of Transportation Austin TX USA

State departments of transportation’s (DOTs) decisions to invest resources to expand or implement intelligent transportation systems (ITS) programs or even retire existing infrastructure need to be based on performance evaluations. Nonetheless, an apparent gap exists between the need for ITS performance measurements and the actual implementation. The evidence available points to challenges in the ITS performance measurement processes. This paper evaluated the state of practice of performance measurement for ITS across the US and provided insights. A comprehensive literature review assessed the use of performance measures by DOTs for monitoring implemented ITS programs. Based on the gaps identified through the literature review, a nationwide qualitative survey was used to gather insights from key stakeholders on the subject matter and presented in this paper. From the data gathered, performance measurement of ITS is fairly integrated into ITS programs by DOTs, with most agencies considering the process beneficial. There, however, exist reasons that prevent agencies from measuring ITS performance to greater detail and quality. These include lack of data, fragmented or incomparable data formats, the complexity of the endeavor, lack of data scientists, and difficulty assigning responsibilities when inter-agency collaboration is required. Additionally, DOTs do not benchmark or compare their ITS performance with others for reasons that include lack of data, lack of guidance or best practices, and incomparable data formats. This paper is relevant as it provides insights expected to guide DOTs and other agencies in developing or reevaluating their ITS performance measurement processes.

关键词： intelligent transportation systems ITS Performance Measures ITS Architecture ARC-IT Qualitative Survey Evaluation Nationwide

Efficient poisoning attacks and defenses for unlabeled data in DDoS prediction of intelligent transportation systems

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Security and Safety 2022年第1期1卷 121-141页

作者： Zhong Li Xianke Wu Changjun Jiang College of Information Science and Technology Donghua University Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Embedded System and Service Computing Department of Computer Science Tongji University Shanghai Network Financial Security Collaborative Innovation Center Tongji University

Nowadays, large numbers of smart sensors(e.g., road-side cameras) which communicate with nearby base stations could launch distributed denial of services(DDoS) attack storms in intelligent transportation systems. DDoS attacks disable the services provided by base stations. Thus in this paper, considering the uneven communication traffic flows and privacy preserving, we give a hidden Markov model-based prediction model by utilizing the multi-step characteristic of DDoS with a federated learning framework to predict whether DDoS attacks will happen on base stations in the future. However, in the federated learning,we need to consider the problem of poisoning attacks due to malicious participants. The poisoning attacks will lead to the intelligent transportation systems paralysis without security protection. Traditional poisoning attacks mainly apply to the classification model with labeled data. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning-based poisoning method specifically for poisoning the prediction model with unlabeled data. Besides, previous related defense strategies rely on validation datasets with labeled data in the server. However, it is unrealistic since the local training datasets are not uploaded to the server due to privacy preserving, and our datasets are also unlabeled. Furthermore, we give a validation dataset-free defense strategy based on Dempster–Shafer(D–S) evidence theory avoiding anomaly aggregation to obtain a robust global model for precise DDoS prediction. In our experiments, we simulate 3000 points in combination with DARPA2000 dataset to carry out evaluations. The results indicate that our poisoning method can successfully poison the global prediction model with unlabeled data in a short time. Meanwhile, we compare our proposed defense algorithm with three popularly used defense algorithms. The results show that our defense method has a high accuracy rate of excluding poisoners and can obtain a high attack prediction probability.

关键词： Poisoning attacks Defenses Multi-step DDoS prediction Unlabeled data intelligent transportation systems

Some Aspects of intelligent transportation systems

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Some Aspects of Intelligent Transportation Systems

Telematics as a Transformative Agent for the Zimbabwean Auto Insurance Ecosystem

中国运筹学会第六届学术交流会

作者： Toshiharu HASEGAWA Faculty of Mathematical Sciences and Information Engineering Nanzan University Seto Aichi 489-0863 Japan

There are various types of transportation systems in the world and each of them is dependent on the characteristics of its own society, such as people, culture, economical status, etc. This fact makes evaluation process of each system quite difficult. There cannot exist any global standard. Therefore, in the process of designing and implementing a new system, we should investigate not only the present state-of-arts of the systems but also background of the society. This presentation is to illustrate some state-of-art examples of so called intelligent transportation systems for road traffic implemented ill Japan together with their background. Since 1960’s, various traffic control and surveillance systems have been operated in many places in the world. The Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation, Osaka, Japan has been keeping high reputation of its traffic control system. It has also advanced maintenance system of the entire hardware system of the Corporation using AHP. As a matter of course, AHP has some problem because of its mechanism depending on human forecasting of the failure. The Corporation has an intelligent business management system. ETCS is included in the system. This presentation is taking examples from the Corporation.

关键词： intelligent transportation systems Road traffic control and surveil- lance ETCS Time and space traffic flow measurement

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第7期12卷 39-58页

作者： Prosper Tafadzwa Denhere Joyce Denhere Gracious Mutipforo Chipo Katsande Allan Muzenda Nelson Matanana Gibson Muridzi Department of Computer Science and Information systems Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences Mutare Zimbabwe Department of Risk Advisory Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences Mutare Zimbabwe Department of Business Sciences Manicaland State University of Applied Sciences Mutare Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe has witnessed the evolution of Information Communication Technology (ICT). The vehicle population soared to above 1.2 million hence rendering the Transport and Insurance domains complex. Therefore, there is a need to look at ways that can augment conventional Vehicular Management Information systems (VMIS) in transforming business processes through Telematics. This paper aims to contextualise the role that telematics can play in transforming the Insurance Ecosystem in Zimbabwe. The main objective was to investigate the integration of Usage-Based Insurance (UBI) with vehicle tracking solutions provided by technology companies like Econet Wireless in Zimbabwe, aiming to align customer billing with individual risk profiles and enhance the synergy between technology and insurance service providers in the motor insurance ecosystem. A triangulation through structured interviews, questionnaires, and literature review, supported by Information systems Analysis and Design techniques was conducted. The study adopted a case study approach, qualitatively analyzing the complexities of the Telematics insurance ecosystem in Zimbabwe, informed by the TOGAF framework. A case-study approach was applied to derive themes whilst applying within and cross-case analysis. Data was collected using questionnaires, and interviews. The findings of the research clearly show the importance of Telematics in modern-day insurance and the positive relationship between technology and insurance business performance. The study, therefore revealed how UBI can incentivize positive driver behavior, potentially reducing insurance premiums for safe drivers and lowering the incidence of claims against insurance companies. Future work can be done on studying the role of Telematics in combating highway crime and corruption.

关键词： Telematics Vehicle Tracking systems Usage Based Insurance Digital Insurance Vehicle Management Information systems intelligent transportation systems

Sustainable transit vehicle tracking service,using intelligent transportation system services and emerging communication technologies:A review

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Journal of Traffic and transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第6期7卷 729-747页

作者： Ricardo Salazar-Cabrera álvaro Pachón de la Cruz Juan Manuel Madrid Molina Telematics Engineering Research Group(GIT) Telematics DepartmentUniversidad del CaucaPopayanColombia Information Technology and Telecommunications Research Group(I2T) ICT DepartmentUniuersidad IcesiCaliColombia

The most salient problems of transit vehicle service in Latin American intermediate cities include:the high number of passengers involved in traffic accidents;traffic congestion caused by transit vehicles,and pollution generated by these vehicles,which increases in high congestion *** improve upon this situation,a research was conducted on the transit vehicle tracking service,which is a basic service for implementing mobility solutions for the aforementioned problems,the most relevant characteristics of this service for the context of Latin American intermediate cities were identified,and an implementation was *** paper presents the four stages of the study:(a)a review of the state-of-the-art of services or systems related to vehicle tracking,including wireless communications technologies,implemented sustainability approaches,usage of special algorithms for efficiency improvement,and the intelligent transportation system(ITS)architecture used as a basis;(b)the process of identifying relevant characteristics of the service for a given context;(c)proposal of an ITS architecture for this service in an intermediate city,its requirements and the suggested technologies;and(d)development of experiments for validating usage of the key suggested *** review allowed to identify the main service characteristics,with regard to vehicle positioning technologies,the recommended wireless communication technology(long range,LoRa),energy consumption considerations,and use of artificial intelligence(AI)to calculate waiting time of users at bus ***,an ITS architecture for the city of Popayan(Colombian city)considering the aforementioned characteristics is proposed,and the experiments related to the use of these technologies are described in detail.

关键词： transportation engineering intelligent transportation systems Transit vehicle ITS architecture Tracking Long range

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The Integration of CPS, CPSS, and ITS: A Focus on Data

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第4期20卷 327-335页

作者： Wei Guo Yi Zhang Li Li Department of Automation Tsinghua University Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies

Cyber-Physical System （CPS） and Cyber-PhysicaI-Social System （CPSS） computing are now challenging existing research in many realms, including intelligent transportation systems （ITS）. In this survey, we highlight some advances in the coevolution of CPS, CPSS, and ITS, with an emphasis on traffic data. We first explain the hierarchical architecture of CPS-ITS in terms of five layers： perception, communication, computing, control, and application. Then, we analyze the characteristics of traffic data in CPS-ITS, and enumerate some new technologies for data operation and management. Two typical cases of CPS-ITS, vehicular-communication-based traffic control systems and smart parking systems, are illustrated to describe how CPS is changing our lives and influencing the development of future ITS.

关键词： intelligent transportation systems Cyber-Physical System (CPS) Cyber-PhysicaI-Social System(CPSS) big data

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Multi-Traffic Targets Tracking Based on an Improved Structural Sparse Representation with Spatial-Temporal Constraint

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2022年第2期31卷 266-276页

作者： YANG Honghong SHANG Junchao LI Jingjing ZHANG Yumei WU Xiaojun Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology Ministry of EducationShaanxi Normal University School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University School of Journalism and Communication Shaanxi Normal University

Vehicles or pedestrians tracking is an important task in intelligent transportation system. In this paper, we propose an online multi-object tracking for intelligent traffic platform that employs improved sparse representation and structural constraint. We first build the spatial-temporal constraint via the geometric relations and appearance of tracked objects, then we construct a robust appearance model by incorporating the discriminative sparse representation with weight constraint and local sparse appearance with occlusion analysis. Finally, we complete data association by using maximum a posteriori in a Bayesian framework in the pursuit for the optimal detection estimation. Experimental results in two challenging vehicle tracking benchmark datasets show that the proposed method has a good tracking performance.

关键词： road traffic object tracking local sparse appearance spatial-temporal constraint improved structural sparse representation target tracking optimal detection estimation pedestrians tracking multitraffic targets tracking multiobject tracking data association image representation object detection intelligent traffic platform optimisation Bayesian framework robust appearance model pedestrians intelligent transportation system weight constraint road vehicles occlusion analysis intelligent transportation systems Bayes methods geometric relations