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Monolithically integrated stretchable photonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 210-217页

作者： Lan Li Hongtao Lin Shutao Qiao Yi-Zhong Huang Jun-Ying Li Jérôme Michon Tian Gu Carlos Alosno-Ramos Laurent Vivien Anupama Yadav Kathleen Richardson Nanshu Lu Juejun Hu Department of Materials Science&Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA Department of Electronic Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology&System Education Ministry of ChinaCollege of Opto-Electronic EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CNRSUniv.Paris-SudUniversite Paris-SaclayOrsayC2N-OrsayFrance The College of Optics&photonics University of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA

Mechanically stretchable photonics provides a new geometric degree of freedom for photonic system design and foresees applications ranging from artificial skins to soft wearable electronics.Here we describe the design and experimental realization of the first single-mode stretchable photonic devices.These devices,made of chalcogenide glass and epoxy polymer materials,are monolithically integrated on elastomer substrates.To impart mechanical stretching capability to devices built using these intrinsically brittle materials,our design strategy involves local substrate stiffening to minimize shape deformation of critical photonic components,and interconnecting optical waveguides assuming a meandering Euler spiral geometry to mitigate radiative optical loss.Devices fabricated following such design can sustain 41%nominal tensile strain and 3000 stretching cycles without measurable degradation in optical performance.In addition,we present a rigorous analytical model to quantitatively predict stressoptical coupling behavior in waveguide devices of arbitrary geometry without using a single fitting parameter.

关键词： chalcogenide glass integrated photonics optical resonator strain-optical coupling stretchable photonics

High-intensity spatial-mode steerable frequency up-converter toward on-chip integration

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Opto-Electronic Science 2024年第4期3卷 12-20页

作者： Haizhou Huang Huaixi Chen Huagang Liu Zhi Zhang Xinkai Feng Jiaying Chen Hongchun Wu Jing Deng Wanguo Liang Wenxiong Lin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of ScienceFuzhou 350002China Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics TechnologyCollege of Photonic and Electronic EngineeringFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou 350108China College of Digital Economy Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China.

integrated photonic devices are essential for on-chip optical communication,optical-electronic systems,and quantum information sciences.To develop a high-fidelity interface between photonics in various frequency domains without disturbing their quantum properties,nonlinear frequency conversion,typically steered with the quadratic(χ2)process,should be considered.Furthermore,another degree of freedom in steering the spatial modes during theχ2 process,with unprecedent mode intensity is proposed here by modulating the lithium niobate(LN)waveguide-based inter-mode quasi-phasematching conditions with both temperature and wavelength parameters.Under high incident light intensities(25 and 27.8 dBm for the pump and the signal lights,respectively),mode conversion at the sum-frequency wavelength with sufficient high output power(−7–8 dBm)among the TM01,TM10,and TM00 modes is realized automatically with characterized broad temperature(ΔT≥8°C)and wavelength windows(Δλ≥1 nm),avoiding the previous efforts in carefully preparing the signal or pump modes.The results prove that high-intensity spatial modes can be prepared at arbitrary transparent wavelength of theχ2 media toward on-chip integration,which facilitates the development of chip-based communication and quantum information systems because spatial correlations can be applied to generate hyperentangled states and provide additional robustness in quantum error correction with the extended Hilbert space.

关键词： integrated photonics LN waveguide sum-frequency generation spatial-mode steering on-chip integration

Circuit-level convergence of electronics and photonics:basic concepts and recent advances

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2022年第2期15卷 17-33页

作者： Min Tan Yuhang Wang Ken Xingze Wang Yuan Yu Xinliang Zhang School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

integrated photonics is widely regarded as an important post-Moore’s law research direction.However,it suffers from intrinsic limitations,such as lack of control and satisfactory photonic memory,that cannot be solved in the optical domain and must be combined with electronics for practical use.Inevitably,electronics and photonics will converge.The photonic fabrication and integration technology is gradually maturing and electronics-photonics convergence(EPC)is experiencing a transition from device integration to circuit design.We derive a conceptual framework consisting of regulator,oscillator,and memory for scalable integrated circuits based on the fundamental concepts of purposeful behavior in cybernetics,entropy in information theory,and symmetry breaking in physics.Leveraging this framework and emulating the successes experienced by electronic integrated circuits,we identify the key building blocks for the integrated circuits for EPC and review the recent advances.

关键词： integrated photonics Electronics-photonics convergence(EPC) Scalability Stability Feedback

Experimental demonstration of deterministic quantum search algorithms on a programmable silicon photonic chip

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中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学英文版 2023年第9期66卷 1-7页

作者： Zhi-Hao Li Gui-Fang Yu Ya-Xin Wang Ze-Yu Xing Ling-Wen Kong Xiao-Qi Zhou State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China

The Grover quantum search algorithm is a landmark quantum computing application, which has a speed advantage over classical algorithms for searching an unsorted database. For an√ unsorted database of N items, the classical algorithm needs to search O(N) times, while the Grover algorithm only needs O(√N) times. However, except for the special case of N = 4, the traditional Grover algorithm always has some probability of failure. To solve this problem, several schemes for deterministically performing quantum search have been proposed, but they all impose additional requirements on the query Oracle and cannot be implemented in many practical scenarios. Recently, Roy et al. [Phys. Rev. Res. 4, L022013(2022)] proposed a new deterministic quantum search scheme with no additional requirements on the query Oracle, which has the potential to perfectly replace the traditional Grover algorithm. In this study, we experimentally implement on a programmable silicon quantum photonic chip four deterministic quantum search algorithms, including the Roy algorithm, all of which obtained an average search success rate of over0.93, exceeding the theoretical maximum of 0.9074 that the traditional Grover algorithm can achieve. Our results demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the deterministic quantum search algorithms and are expected to facilitate the wider application of these algorithms in future quantum information processing.

关键词： integrated photonics quantum information technology deterministic quantum search

Rabi antenna using microstrip add-drop multiplexer for electron warp speed investigation

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Chinese Optics Letters 2022年第7期20卷 80-87页

作者： Somchat Sonasang Prakasit Prabpal Piya Sirikan Pratimakorn Hakaew Nhat Truong Pham Preecha Yupapin Kanad Ray Sarawoot Boonkirdram Department of Electronic Technology Faculty of Industrial TechnologyNakhon Phanom UniversityNakhon Phanom 48000Thailand Department of Electrical Technology School of Industrial TechnologySakonnakhon Technical CollegeInstitute of Vocational Education Northeastern Region 2Sakonnakhorn 47000Thailand Division of Computational Mechatronics Institute for Computational ScienceTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City 72915Vietnam Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City 72915Vietnam Amity School of Applied Sciences Amity University RajasthanJaipurIndia Faubert Lab Universitéde MontréalH3T 1P1 MontréalCanada Facultad de CienciasFisico-Matematicas Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaAv.San Claudio y Av.18 surCol.San Manuel Ciudad UniversitariaPuebla Pue 72570Mexico Program of Electrical and Electronics Faculty of Industrial TechnologySakon Nakhon Rajabhat UniversitySakon Nakhon 47000Thailand

This work presents experimental results of Rabi antenna characteristics using the coupled line microstrip circuit.It was constructed by a modified coupled line microstrip four-port network,which is known as an add-drop multiplexer.The driven AC input enters the device via an input port using the suitable frequency and coupled line microstrip ring radius.The multilevel system is generated by a wave-particle aspect before the two-level system is achieved.At the resonance,the transitions of the states induce the energy called whispering gallery mode(WGM)at the circuit center,which is the squeezed energy.The generated electron oscillation within the WGM envelope oscillated by the frequency is known as the Rabi frequency.By the successive filtering with continuous AC input via the selected port,the electron cloud warp speed can be generated and achieved inside the two-level transition.The constructed microstrip ring radius is 25 mm,and the experimental results of the Rabi antenna characteristics are in good agreement with the simulation results.The obtained resonant antenna oscillation frequency is 2.103 GHz.The electron cloud warp speed of 1.100c and time dilation of 0.006μs are obtained.

关键词： integrated photonics waveguide microwave photonics Rabi antenna

Five-channel frequency-division multiplexing using low-loss epsilon-near-zero metamaterial waveguide

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 129-137页

作者： Binbin Hong Lei Sun Wanlin Wang Yanbing Qiu Naixing Feng Dong Su Nutapong Somjit Ian Robertson Guo Ping Wang Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China The Tenth Research Institute China Electronics Technology Group CorporationChengdu 610036China School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

The rapidly growing global data usage has demanded more efficient ways to utilize the scarce electromagnetic spectrum resource. Recent research has focused on the development of efficient multiplexing techniques in the millimeter-wave band(1-10 mm, or 30-300 GHz) due to the promise of large available bandwidth for future wireless networks. Frequency-division multiplexing is still one of the most commonly-used techniques to maximize the transmission capacity of a wireless network.Based on the frequency-selective tunnelling effect of the low-loss epsilon-near-zero metamaterial waveguide, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate five-channel frequency-division multiplexing and demultiplexing in the millimeter-wave range.We show that this device architecture offers great flexibility to manipulate the filter Q-factors and the transmission spectra of different channels, by changing of the epsilon-near-zero metamaterial waveguide topology and by adding a standard waveguide between two epsilon-near-zero channels. This strategy of frequency-division multiplexing may pave a way for efficiently allocating the spectrum for future communication networks.

关键词： frequency-division multiplexing artificial effective medium epsilon-near-zero metamaterial integrated photonics

A broadband integrated microwave photonic mixer based on balanced photodetection

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2023年第2期16卷 63-70页

作者： Zhenzhu Xu Li Mei Yuhua Chong Xudong Gao Shoubao Han Chengkun Yang Lin Li Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Antennas and Microwave East China Research Institute of Electronic EngineeringHefei 230000China Representative Ofce of the Army Armament Department in Hefei District Hefei 230000China

An integrated microwave photonic mixer based on silicon photonic platforms is proposed,which consist of a dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator and a balanced photodetector.The modulated optical signals from microwave photonic links can be directly demodulated and down-converted to intermediate frequency(IF)signals by the photonic mixer.The converted signal is obtained by conducting of-chip subtraction of the outputs from the balanced photodetector,and subsequent fltering of the high frequency items by an electrical low-pass flter.Benefting from balanced detection,the conversion gain of the IF signal is improved by 6 dB,and radio frequency leakage and common-mode noise are suppressed signifcantly.System-level simulations show that the frequency mixing system has a spurious-free dynamic range of 89 dB·Hz^(2/3),even with deteriorated linearity caused by the two cascaded modulators.The spur suppression ratio of the photonic mixer remains higher than 40 dB when the IF varies from 0.5 to 4 GHz.The electrical-electrical 3 dB bandwidth of frequency conversion is 11 GHz.The integrated frequency mixing approach is quite simple,requiring no extra optical flters or electrical 90°hybrid coupler,which makes the system more stable and with broader bandwidth so that it can meet the potential demand in practical applications.

关键词： Microwave photonics integrated photonics Frequency conversion Photonic mixer Balanced detection

On-chip metamaterial-enabled high-order mode-division multiplexing

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Advanced photonics 2023年第5期5卷 106-113页

作者： Yu He Xingfeng Li Yong Zhang Shaohua An Hongwei Wang Zhen Wang Haoshuo Chen Yetian Huang Hanzi Huang Nicolas KFontaine Roland Ryf Yuhan Du Lu Sun Xingchen Ji Xuhan Guo Yingxiong Song Qianwu Zhang Yikai Su Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Electronic EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and NetworksShanghaiChina Nokia Bell Labs Murray HillNew JerseyUnited States Shanghai University Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access NetworksJoint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced CommunicationShanghaiChina Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringJohn Hopcroft Center for Computer ScienceShanghaiChina

Mode-division multiplexing(MDM)technology enables high-bandwidth data transmission using orthogonal waveguide modes to construct parallel data streams.However,few demonstrations have been realized for generating and supporting high-order modes,mainly due to the intrinsic large material groupvelocity dispersion(GVD),which make it challenging to selectively couple different-order spatial modes.We show the feasibility of on-chip GVD engineering by introducing a gradient-index metamaterial structure,which enables a robust and fully scalable MDM process.We demonstrate a record-high-order MDM device that supports TE_(0)–TE_(15)modes simultaneously.40-GBaud 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals encoded on 16 mode channels contribute to a 2.162 Tbit∕s net data rate,which is the highest data rate ever reported for an on-chip single-wavelength transmission.Our method can effectively expand the number of channels provided by MDM technology and promote the emerging research fields with great demand for parallelism,such as high-capacity optical interconnects,high-dimensional quantum communications,and large-scale neural networks.

关键词： integrated photonics metamaterial mode-division multiplexing subwavelength grating

Ultrahigh-resolution on-chip spectrometer with silicon photonic resonators

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第7期5卷 1-9页

作者： Long Zhang Ming Zhang Tangnan Chen Dajian Liu Shihan Hong Daoxin Dai State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation Center for Optical&Electromagnetic ResearchCollege of Optical Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for Advanced PhotonicsZhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang UniversityNingbo 315100China

A compact spectrometer on silicon is proposed and demonstrated with an ultrahigh resolution.It consists of a thermally-tunable ultra-high-Q resonator aiming at ultrahigh resolution and an array of wideband resonators for achieving a broadened working window.The present on-chip spectrometer has a footprint as compact as 0.35 mm^(2),and is realized with standard multi-project-wafer foundry processes.The measurement results show that the on-chip spectrometer has an ultra-high resolution Δλ of 5 pm and a wide working window of 10 nm.The dynamic range defined as the ratio of the working window and the wavelength resolution is as large as 1940,which is the largest for on-chip dispersive spectro-meters to the best of our knowledge.The present high-performance on-chip spectrometer has great potential for high-resolution spectrum measurement in the applications of gas sensing,food monitoring,health analysis,etc.

关键词： integrated photonics silicon spectrometer resonator