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Goal-Oriented Control Systems(GOCS):From HOW to WHAT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 816-819页

作者： Wen-Hua Chen the Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering Loughborough UniversityLeicestershireLE113TUU.K.

Brief:New control theory is required to underpin safe design and deployment of future highly automated systems to deal with uncertain environments and complicated tasks,enabled by AI and other advanced technologies.Goal-Oriented Control Systems offer potential to transform the control system design from currently instructing a control system how to perform a task to specifying what is to be achieved.

关键词： automated instru system

Parallel Vision ■ Image Synthesis/Augmentation

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第3期11卷 782-784页

作者： Wenwen Zhang Wenbo Zheng Qiang Li Fei-Yue Wang the School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China the School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan 430070China the State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Dear Editor,Scene understanding is an essential task in computer vision.The ultimate objective of scene understanding is to instruct computers to understand and reason about the scenes as humans do.Parallel vision is ... 详细信息

关键词： instru explanation computer

Firefighter Wang Jie: I Am No Hero

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China News Release 2024年第3期 63-65页

作者： Hu Mengfei 不详

Awarded with the Beijing Youth May 4th Medal,35-year-old Wang Jie is an instructor at the Yanqi Fire Rescue Station in Beijing’s suburban Huairou District.As 89%of the district is covered by mountainous terrain,the firefighters stationed here need to possess strong mountain rescue skills in addition to solid firefighting expertise.

关键词： fighting instru Rescue

Winter Wonderland Xinjiang turns to ice and snow as new growth engine

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Beijing Review 2024年第1期67卷 36-37页

作者： Yan Wei 不详

A physical education class got underway at a resort in Urumqi,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,on December 19,2023.During the off-campus lesson,students from Miaoergou Middle School went sking,supervised by instructor... 详细信息

关键词： resort turns instru

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沙特阿拉伯中学的汉语课

疯狂英语（新读写） 2024年第1期 30-33,76页

作者：孙启禄山东

1 The education authorities in Saudi Arabia have reportedly instructed all public and private secondary schools to teach two Chinese language classes each week.Experts said that it will have“significant implications... 详细信息

关键词：汉语课 instru education

Root System Traits Contribute to Variability and Plasticity in Response to Phosphorus Fertilization in 2 Field-Grown Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]Cultivars

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第1期5卷 6-21页

作者： Michael O.Adu Paul A.Asare David O.Yawson Kwadwo K.Amoah Kofi Atiah Matthew K.Duah Alex Graham Department of Crop Science School of AgricultureCollege of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies(CERMES) The University of the West IndiesCave Hill CampusP.O.Box 64Bridgetown BB11000Barbados Department of Soil Science School of AgricultureCollege of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana

Due to roots'physical and physiological roles in crop productivity,interest in root system architecture(RSA)and plasticity in responses to abiotic stresses is growing.Sorghum is significant for the food security of millions of people.Phosphorus deficiency is an important limitation of sorghum productivity.There is little information on the RSA-based responses of sorghum to variations in external P supply([P]_(ext)).This study evaluated the phenotypic plasticity and RSA responses to a range of[P]_(ext) in 2 sorghum genotypes.The results showed that both genotypes responded to[P]_(ext) but with significant variations in about 80%of the RSA traits analyzed.Aboveground biomass and most RSA traits increased with increasing[P]_(ext).Plasticity was both genotype-and trait-dependent.For most RSA traits,the white sorghum genotype showed significantly higher plasticity than the red genotype,with the former having about 28.4%higher total plasticity than the former.RSA traits,such as convex area,surface area,total root length,and length diameter ranges,showed sizeable genetic variability.Root biomass had a high degree of plasticity,but root number and angle traits were the leading contributors to variation.The results suggested 2 root trait spectra:root exploration and developmental spectrum,and there was an indication of potential trade-offs among groups of root traits.It is concluded that RSA traits in sorghum contribute to variability and plasticity in response to[P]_(ext).Given that there might be trade-offs among sorghum root traits,it would be instructive to determine the fundamental constraints underlying these trade-offs.

关键词： Root instru constraints

Norovirus Detection in Environmental Samples from Norovirus Outbreaks in Schools and Kindergartens—Beijing Municipality,China,October–December 2020

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China CDC weekly 2021年第33期3卷 702-705页

作者： Baiwei Liu Yu Wang Lei Jia Yi Tian Xiaoli Wang Shuaibing Dong Lingyu Shen Zhiyong Gao Quanyi Wang Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine BeijingChina Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina

What is already known on this topic?The norovirus has often caused outbreaks in schools and kindergartens,but minimal research has been performed on environmental contamination during norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens.What is added by this report?This report conveys the norovirus detection rates and viral loads in different environmental sites in 45 norovirus outbreaks in Beijing Municipality from October to December 2020.What are the implications for public health practice?The evidence presented here can instruct professionals and the public to sample and disinfect key locations of the environment purposefully when responding to norovirus outbreaks.

关键词： instru schools garten

Molecular mechanisms of inhibiting glucosyltransferases for biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans

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International Journal of Oral Science 2021年第3期13卷 243-250页

作者： Qiong Zhang Qizhao Ma Yan Wang Hui Wu Jing Zou State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric DentistryWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences Oregon Health and Science University School of DentistryPortlandORUSA

Glucosyltransferases(Gtfs)play critical roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)-mediated dental caries including early childhood caries.Gtfs enhance the biofilm formation and promotes colonization of cariogenic bacteria by generating biofilm extracellular polysaccharides(EPSs),the key virulence property in the cariogenic process.Therefore,Gtfs have become an appealing target for effective therapeutic interventions that inhibit cariogenic biofilms.Importantly,targeting Gtfs selectively impairs the S.mutans virulence without affecting S.mutans existence or the existence of other species in the oral cavity.Over the past decade,numerous Gtfs inhibitory molecules have been identified,mainly including natural and synthetic compounds and their derivatives,antibodies,and metal ions.These therapeutic agents exert their inhibitory role in inhibiting the expression gtf genes and the activities and secretion of Gtfs enzymes with a wide range of sensitivity and effectiveness.Understanding molecular mechanisms of inhibiting Gtfs will contribute to instructing drug combination strategies,which is more effective for inhibiting Gtfs than one drug or class of drugs.This review highlights our current understanding of Gtfs activities and their potential utility,and discusses challenges and opportunities for future exploration of Gtfs as a therapeutic target.

关键词： inhibiting mechanisms instru

The benefits of neuroinflammation for the repair of the injured central nervous system

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第6期16卷 540-546页

作者： Heather Y.F.Yong Khalil S.Rawji Samira Ghorbani Mengzhou Xue V.Wee Yong University of Calgary CalgaryCanada The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University ZhengzhouChina

Inflammation of the nervous system(neuroinflammation)is now recognized as a hallmark of virtually all neurological disorders.In neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis,there is prominent infiltration and a long-lasting representation of various leukocyte subsets in the central nervous system(CNS)parenchyma.Even in classic neurodegenerative disorders,where such immense inflammatory infiltrates are absent,there is still evidence of activated CNS-intrinsic microglia.The consequences of excessive and uncontrolled neuroinflammation are injury and death to neural elements,which manifest as a heterogeneous set of neurological symptoms.However,it is now readily acknowledged,due to instructive studies from the peripheral nervous system and a large body of CNS literature,that aspects of the neuroinflammatory response can be beneficial for CNS outcomes.The recognized benefits of inflammation to the CNS include the preservation of CNS constituents(neuroprotection),the proliferation and maturation of various neural precursor populations,axonal regeneration,and the reformation of myelin on denuded axons.Herein,we highlight the benefits of neuroinflammation in fostering CNS recovery after neural injury using examples from multiple sclerosis,traumatic spinal cord injury,stroke,and Alzheimer’s disease.We focus on CNS regenerative responses,such as neurogenesis,axonal regeneration,and remyelination,and discuss the mechanisms by which neuroinflammation is pro-regenerative for the CNS.Finally,we highlight treatment strategies that harness the benefits of neuroinflammation for CNS regenerative responses.

关键词： inflammation benefits instru