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Mental health problems due to community violence exposure in a small urban setting

Family Medicine and Community Health 2017年第3期5卷 170-178页

作者： Faraz Ahmad Jim Medder Jenenne Geske Jannette Taylor Ruth Margalit Mental health problems due to community violence exposure in a small urban setting UNMC Dept.of Family Medicine 983075 Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198-3075USA UNMC College of Medicine 985520 Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198-5520USA Creighton University School of Law2500 California PlazaOmahaNE 68178USA UNMC College of Public Health 984355 Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198-4355USA

Objective:Studies conducted in large metropolitan inner-city communities with high violent crime rates have demonstrated an association between exposure to violence and mental health problems;therefore the purpose of this study was to determine if similar trends exist in smaller inner-city communities with substantially lower violent crime ***:One hundred twenty-six children and young adults living in inner-city Omaha,Nebraska,were screened for posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),depression,and anxiety symptoms and assessed for community violence exposure(CVE).Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance were used to determine the relationship between PTSD,depression,and anxiety symptoms and ***:A statistically significant relationship was found between CVE and PTSD and anxiety symptoms among participants despite their having lower rates of exposure to violent events in com-parison with other *** association was found between violence and depression ***,the presence of anxiety and depression,as well as increased age of participants,was associated with higher rates of PTSD ***:We recommend that health care providers in smaller cities,where the effects of violent crime may be underestimated or overlooked,be informed of the existence of this pub-lic health problem within their community and that they screen at-risk patients for mental health problems.

关键词： Community violence inner city posttraumatic stress disorder depression anxiety

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DEVELOPMENT OF PUDONG AND OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURE OF URBAN AREA OF SHANGHAI

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1993年第4期3卷 1-15页

作者： He Xinggang Institute of West European and North American Geography East China Normal University

Based on detailed analysis of the present situation and problems of the structure of urban area(SUA)of Shanghai,the inner mechanisms that caused the problems are explored and development of Pudong as the strategic breakthrough of the optimization of the structure of urban area of Shanghai is determined in this *** the process to optimize the SUA of Shanghai through the development of Pudong,various restrictive factors must be considered and corresponding policies and measures must be drawn up.

关键词： optimization Pudong structure of urban area inner city

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