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Caregivers’ Perception of Unintentional Child and Adolescent injuries in Enugu, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第3期9卷 218-231页

作者： Christopher B. Eke Obianuju O. Igbokwe Vivian O. Onukwuli Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu Campus/University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozalla Enugu

Background: Injury is an increasing cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. Purpose: The objective of the study was to evaluate caregivers’ perception of unintentional child and adolescent injuries in Enugu. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were collected from caregivers of children attending the children’s outpatients’ unit of the hospital during the period of the study, who were selected consecutively using semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.0. The level of statistical significance was set at p Results: A total of 728 caregiver-child pairs were interviewed, out of which 526 (72.3%) recalled history of injuries in their wards within the past 12months. Most of the injuries occurred at home (334;63.5%), in males 329 (62.5%), and in the 1 - 4 years age group 239 (45.4%). On further analysis, age of the child, male sex, residence in rural area and stage of child’s development significantly predicted the risk of having an unintentional injury. Majority of the interviewees had heard of first aid (432;59.3%) though only a few 23 (5.4%) actually owned well equipped first aid boxes. Most of the respondents felt that injuries in children were preventable, 429 (58.9%). However, a good number agreed that they needed clear education on preventive measures of childhood injuries, 485 (66.6%). Conclusion: Unintentional injuries occur commonly in children and are largely preventable. Appropriate health and environmental education is needed to reduce the rising incidence of injuries in children in our setting.

关键词： Childhood injuries Caregivers’ Perception Nigeria

Comparative Study of Surgical Approaches for Distractive Flexion injuries of Sub-Axial Cervical Spine

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2018年第3期8卷 342-351页

作者： Hatem M. Al Samouly Ahmed M. Taha Departments of Neurosurgery Damietta Hospital Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt

Distractive flexion injuries (DFI) of subaxial cervical spine are common after motor car accident or falling from height. The ideal surgical approaches to DFI are still unclear. A retrospective comparative study of surgical approaches for DFI of sub-axial cervical spine involved 60 patients throughout the years 2014 to 2016 at Al-Azhar University Hospitals. All patients were undergoing initial routine resuscitative measures, full general and neurological examinations. Neurologic function was assessed according to modified Frankel’s grading. All patients were received cervical plain antero-posterior, lateral and oblique X-ray, CT with 3D and MRI of cervical spine. Severity of DFI injury was assessed according to Allen and Ferguson’s classification. The most common level involved was C5-6 and most common grade was grade 3. The patients operated through anterior approach were 36 patients and through the posterior approach were 24 patients. Restoring cervical alignment was achieved in 29 patients (80.56%). The mean time of bone fusion was 5.454 months in anterior approach while it was 9.876 months in posterior approach. The extend of bone fusion was good in 30 patients (83.33%) after anterior approach and in 8 patients (33.33%) after posterior approach, while poor fusion was observed in 6 patients (16.67%) after anterior approach and 16 patients (66.67%) after posterior approach. We can conclude that anterior cervical approach is better in DFI stage 3 and 4 where there are associated ruptured intervertebral disc. Posterior approach is better in DFI stage 1 and 2 with or with presence of posterior compressing lesion.

关键词： Distractive Flexion injuries Sub-Axial Cervical Spine

High mobility group box protein 1 and white matter injury following traumatic brain injury: perspectives on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1739-1740页

作者： Ronak Ved Susruta Manivannan Imogen Tasker Malik Zaben The BRAIN Unit Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute(NMHRI)School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK School of Biomedical Sciences University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Despite significant medical advances over recent decades,many survivors of TBI develop long term neuro-cognitive deficits.Previously,only moderate and severe injuries were thought to account for the devastating consequences of TBI.However,there is increasing evidence that even milder injuries may result in problematic lifelong cognitive and affective disturbances.TBI is typically characterized by an an acute physical injury followed by a protracted innate neuro-inflammatory response.These reponses,mediated via neuronal,astrocyte and microglial cells,amongst others,and may result in widespread neuronal death and a micro-environment that is not conducive to brain repair(Manivannan et al.,2021).Whilst the primary physical injury often evades intervention from a medical perspective,the subsequent neuro-inflammatory response offers a potential therapeutic target.Nonetheless,effective pharmacological strategies continue to elude clinicians and scientists due to the complex underlying pathogenesis and difficulties of modelling such a heterogeneous disease.However,the majority of research to date has focused on investigating the effects of post-traumatic neuro-inflammation on grey matter injury rather than the consequences upon white matter(WM),which contributes greatly to cognitive dysfunction across many neurological diseases(Filly and Kelly,2018).Herein,we will briefly discuss:(i)high mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)as a potential therapeutic target;(ii)the relevance of WM injury in TBI and current understanding of WM repair following injury;and(iii)perspectives on how HMGB1 may play a role.

关键词： injuries injury consequences

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Signaling the Future, Cell Phones Gain Limited Satellite-Link Capabilities

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Engineering 2023年第9期28卷 4-6页

作者： Mitch Leslie Senior Technology Writer

On 13 December 2022,a couple was driving through the Angeles National Forest near Los Angeles,CA,USA,when their car slid off the road,plowed 100 m down a steep hillside,and landed upside down at the bottom of a canyon[1].Although the couple suffered only minor injuries,they were trapped in the canyon,and in the remote area the passenger could not get any reception on her iPhone 14 cellular phone.Still,she was able to send an SOS through a new feature on the phone that routes such messages via satellites[2].Rescuers alerted to the couple’s location airlifted them out of the canyon later the same day.

关键词： Rescue injuries driving

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Unintentional Injury Mortality Among Children Under Five Years--China,2006−2017

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China CDC weekly 2020年第10期2卷 156-159页

作者： Bo Chen Pengpeng Ye Biwei Tang Siqi Wang Jia Guo Jing Wu Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Xiangya School of Public HealthCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina Division of Injury Prevention National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina School of Public Health Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhotInner MongoliaChina

What is already known about this topic?Unintentional injuries among children aged under five years is still a serious public health problem in China.Epidemiological characteristics of under-five unintentional injury are reported in single provinces and cities for China but not nationally based on the Disease Surveillance Points(DSPs)dataset.What is added by this report?Unintentional injury mortality rates for under-five decreased substantially between 2006 and 2017 in China,with the decrease occurring primarily for males and rural children.Children living in rural areas and males had higher unintentional injury mortality rates than children in urban areas and females.The major fatal types of under-five unintentional injury were drowning and road injury.What are the implications for public health practice?Further interventions need to be taken in accordance with the main types of unintentional injuries,especially effective prevention strategies used in other countries or recommended by the World Health Organization(WHO).Even with equal access to injury prevention and control services for different sexes,policy efforts should focus on higher-risk populations,especially children aged under five years who are males or reside in rural areas.

关键词： prevention injuries intentional

Exploring the potential application of dental pulp stem cells in neuroregenerative medicine

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 775-776页

作者： Nessma Sultan Ben A.Scheven Department of Oral Biology Faculty of DentistryMansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt School of Dentistry Oral BiologyCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK

The trigeminal nerve and its peripheral branches are susceptible to injury in the dental practice due to surgical removal of impacted third molars and placement of dental implants.Although peripheral trigeminal nerve injuries can undergo spontaneous regeneration,some injuries may be permanent with varying degrees of continued sensory impairment and neuropathic pain ranging from mild numbness to complete anaesthesia(Tay and Zuniga,2007).Adult neurons require continued neurotrophic support from surrounding cells to sustain neural viability,inhibit death-inducing pathways activating a variety of cell survival pathways(Zheng and Quirion,2004).

关键词： injuries continued permanent

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New approaches to managing open globe eye injuries with a thermoresponsive sealant

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 119-120页

作者： Baek-Lok Oh Hyeong Gon Yu Department of Ophthalmology Armed Force Capital HospitalSeongnamKorea Department of Ophthalmology Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul National University HospitalSeoulKorea

Traumatic eye injury is the leading cause of unilateral blindness worldwide,especially in developing countries.Open globe injuries,which have the tendency to lead to severe visual impairment,account for about 10%of these injuries(1).The risk for open globe injury was highest in young adults(2)who were actively engaged in economic activities;therefore,open globe injuries not only affect the quality of life and economic condition of patients,but also cause a great deal of cost for society as a whole(3).

关键词： injuries impairment injury

Mortality and Causes of Death in Primary and Secondary School Students--China,2018

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China CDC weekly 2020年第13期2卷 199-204页

作者： Wei Wang Yunning Liu Jiangmei Liu Peng Yin Jinlei Qi Jinling You Lijun Wang Maigeng Zhou National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?There were approximately 1.23 million deaths reported among individuals aged 5-19 years worldwide in 2017.Limited attention has been paid to current mortality among primary and secondary school students aged 6-18 years in China.What is added by this report?In 2018,an estimated 28,519 deaths occurred among primary and secondary school students aged 6-18 years in China with an age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)of 17.66 per 100,000.Substantial disparities existed among sexes,age groups,areas,and regions for different causes of death.Drowning,road traffic injuries,and leukemia were three leading causes of death.What are the implications for public health practice?Government support,legislation enforcement,multisectoral cooperation,and stakeholder engagement should be initiated to reduce premature deaths among primary and secondary school students in China,especially those due to injuries.

关键词： injuries initiated deaths

Time to Take Actions to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol in China

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China CDC weekly 2021年第4期3卷 74-77页

作者： Ning Ji Yamin Bai Jianwei Xu Min Liu Ainan Jia National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention China CDCBeijingChina

Harmful use of alcohol negatively impacts and harms the drinkers,the people around them,and society at large.Harmful use of alcohol ranks among the top 5 risk factors for disease,disability,and death worldwide,and alcohol consumption is related to approximately 230 health conditions including infectious disease,noncommunicable diseases,and injuries(1–2).

关键词： injuries alcohol diseases