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Liquid injectivity in a SAG foam process:Effect of permeability

Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 302-314页

作者： Jia-Kun Gong Yuan Wang Ridhwan-Zhafri B.Kamarul Bahrim Raj-Deo Tewari Mohammad-Iqbal Mahamad Amir Rouhi Farajzadeh William Rossen College of Mechanics and Materials Hohai UniversityNanjing210098JiangsuChina College of Water Conservancy&Hydropower Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098JiangsuChina PETRONAS Kuala Lumpur50088Malaysia Department of Geoscience and Engineering Delft University of Technology2628 CNDelftthe Netherlands Shell Global Solutions International B.V. 1031 HWAmsterdamthe Netherlands

Foam is utilized in enhanced oil recovery and CO_(2) sequestration.Surfactant-alternating-gas(SAG)is a preferred approach for placing foam into reservoirs,due to it enhances gas injection and minimizes corrosion in facilities.Our previous studies with similar permeability cores show that during SAG injection,several banks occupy the area near the well where fluid exhibits distinct behaviour.However,underground reservoirs are heterogeneous,often layered.It is crucial to understand the effect of permeability on fluid behaviour and injectivity in a SAG process.In this work,coreflood experiments are conducted in cores with permeabilities ranging from 16 to 2300 mD.We observe the same sequence of banks in cores with different permeabilities.However,the speed at which banks propagate and their overall mobility can vary depending on permeability.At higher permeabilities,the gas-dissolution bank and the forced-imbibition bank progress more rapidly during liquid injection.The total mobilities of both banks decrease with permeability.By utilizing a bank-propagation model,we scale up our experimental findings and compare them to results obtained using the Peaceman equation.Our findings reveal that the liquid injectivity in a SAG foam process is misestimated by conventional simulators based on the Peaceman equation.The lower the formation permeability,the greater the error.

关键词： Foam Enhanced oil recovery Surfactant-alternating-gas injectivity Permeability

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Nuclearity and Finite-Representability in the System of Completely Integral Mapping Spaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第5期40卷 1197-1214页

作者： Zhe DONG Ji Cheng TAO Ya Fei ZHAO Department of Mathematics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027P.R.China Department of Mathematics China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018P.R.China Department of Mathematics Zhejiang International Studies UniversityHangzhou 310023P.R.China

In this paper,we investigate local properties in the system of completely integral mapping spaces.We introduce notions of injectivity,local reflexivity,exactness,nuclearity,finite-represent ability and WEP in the system of completely integral mapping spaces.First we obtain that any finite-dimensional operator space is injective in the system of completely integral mapping spaces.Furthermore we prove that C is the unique nuclear operator space and the unique exact operator space in this system.We also show that C is the unique operator space which is finitely representable in{T_(n)}n∈Nin this system.As corollaries,Kirchberg’s conjecture and QWEP conjecture in the system of completely integral mapping spaces are false.

关键词： Completely integral mapping space injectivity exactness nuclearity finite-representability WEP

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Interaction of Foam and Microemulsion Components in Low-Tension-Gas Flooding

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第7期19卷 1951-1961页

作者： Jing Zhao Jun Yang School of Petroleum Engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China

Low-Tension-Foam(LTF)flooding is an emerging enhanced oil recovery technique for low-permeability carbonate reservoirs.Foam capacity is closely related to the salinity environment(or,equivalently,the phase behavior of the oil/water/surfactant system).Therefore,the interactions between microemulsion and foam components are of primary importance in the LTF process.In this study,the phase behavior of an oil/water/surfactant system under equilibrium is analyzed,firstly by assuming perfect mixing.Meanwhile,the formation kinetics of microemulsion are monitored through a novel low-field NMR technique,which is able to provide quantitative assessment on the microemulsion evolution characteristics.Then,foam stability is examined in the absence and in the presence of Winsor-Ⅰ and Winsor-Ⅲ type microemulsions.It is revealed that foam stability depends on the oil solubilization(oil swollen micelle size).A decrease in the oil swollen micelle size and micellar structure effectiveness,in conjunction with an increasing salinity,leads to lower foam stability in the presence of a Winsor-Ⅲ type microemulsion.

关键词： Foam mobility control microemulsion injectivity fluid flow

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Assessing roles of geochemical reactions on CO_(2)plume,injectivity and residual trapping

Energy Geoscience

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第4期2卷 327-336页

作者： Abdiaziz Abdullahi Maalim Hisham Ben Mahmud Mojtaba Seyyedi Curtin University Malaysia CDT250Miri98000SarawakMalaysia CSIRO GPO Box 1700Canberra ACT2601Australia

With increasing CO_(2)concentration in the atmosphere,CO_(2)geo-aequestration has become a popular technique to counter the dangers of global warming resulting from high levels of CO_(2)in the atmosphere.This paper examins sequestration parameters such as CO_(2)plume behaviour,residual gas trapping and injectivity as a means of achieving safe and successful CO_(2)storage in saline aquifers.Mineral precipitation/dissolution rates are used to establish a relationship between these parameters and geochemical reactions in saline aquifers.To achieve this,mechanistic models(6 models with different inputs,created using CMG e GEM,2016 and WINPROP,2016)are simulated using input data from literature and studying changes in fluids and formation properties as well as mineral precipitation/dissolution rates in aquifers when subjected to different conditions in the different models.The results from the models show that high CO_(2)dissolution,which creates large CO_(2)plume,leads to high mineral dissolution/precipitation as results of increased fluid-rock interactions(geochemical reactions);whereas injectivity,although enhanced by CO_(2)-water cyclic injection,does not show much increase in bottom hole pressure when mineral trapping(thus geochemical reactions)is introduced into the model.Sensitivity study on residual gas trapping shows that high residual gas saturation leads to reduced mineral precipitation/dissolution due to the reduced amount of dissolved CO_(2)in brine.Also,rapid changes in the bottom hole pressure at high residual gas saturation means that a formation that fosters high residual gas trapping,rather than CO_(2)dissolution in brine,is more likely to experience injectivity issues during the sequestration process.

关键词： Geochemical reactions CO_(2)plume Residual(gas)trapping injectivity Mineral precipitation Mineral dissolution

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Preliminary assessment of CO_(2) injectivity in carbonate storage sites

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Petroleum 2017年第1期3卷 144-154页

作者： Arshad Raza Raoof Gholami Reza Rezaee Chua Han Bing Ramasamy Nagarajan Mohamed Ali Hamid Department of Petroleum Engineering Curtin UniversityMalaysia Department of Petroleum Engineering Curtin UniversityAustralia Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin UniversityMalaysia Department of Applied Geology Curtin UniversityMalaysia

Depleted gas reservoirs are used for a large-scale carbon dioxide(CO_(2))storage and reduction of the greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere.To identify a suitable depleted reservoir,it is essential to do a preliminary and comprehensive assessment of key storage factors such as storage capacity,injectivity,trapping mechanisms,and containment.However,there are a limited number of studies providing a preliminary assessment of CO_(2) injectivity potential in depleted gas reservoirs prior to a CO_(2) storage operation.The aim of this study is to provide a preliminary assessment of a gas field located in Malaysia for its storage potential based on subsurface characterization prior to injection.Evaluation of the reservoir interval based on the facies,cores,and wireline log data of a well located in the field indicated that the pore type and fabrics analysis is very beneficial to identify suitable locations for a successful storage practice.Although the results obtained are promising,it is recommended to combine this preliminary assessment with the fluid-mineral interactions analysis before making any judgment about reliability of storage sites.

关键词： CO_(2)storage injectivity Carbonate reservoir Lithofacies Petrophysics

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On Some Problems Studied by R. V. Kadison

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2003年第3期19卷 523-534页

作者： ErikCHRISTENSEN InstitutforMatematiske FagUniversityofCopenhagenUniversitetsparken5DK2100CopenhagenφDenmark

Several problems studied by professor R. V. Kadison are shown to be closely related. The problems were originally formulated in the contexts of homomorphisms of C*-algebras, cohomology of von Neumann algebras and perturbations of C*-algebras. Recent research by G. Pisier has demonstrated that all of the problems considered are related to the question of whether all C*-algebras have finite length.

关键词： Keywords von Neumann algebra Property Γ Similarity degree Length injectivity Complete boundedness Derivations Hochschild cohomology

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Kirchberg’s conjecture in the system of Hilbert space factorable mapping spaces

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Science China Mathematics 2020年第6期63卷 1125-1138页

作者： Zhe Dong School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

This study aims to introduce the notions of injectivity, local reflexivity, exactness, and nuclearity in the system(Γ2c(·, ·), γ2c(·)). We find that every dual operator space is injective in the system(Γ2c(·, ·), γ2c(·)) and nuclearity is equivalent to exactness in this system. As a corollary, we prove that Kirchberg’s conjecture on the equivalence of exactness and local reflexivity for C*-algebras is false in this system, i.e., there exists a C*-algebra A that is locally reflexive in this system but is not exact in this system.

关键词： Hilbert space factorable mapping space injectivity local reflexivity exactness nuclearity

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The Local Theory of Completely 1-Summing Mapping Spaces

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第6期11卷 1570-1579页

作者： Yafei Zhao Yuanyi Wang Department of Mathematics Zhejiang International Studies University Hangzhou China College of Science and Technology Ningbo University Ningbo China

In this paper, we investigate local properties in the system of completely 1-summing mapping spaces. We introduce notions of injectivity, local reflexivity, exactness, nuclearity and finite-representability in the system of completely 1-summing mapping spaces. First we obtain that if V has WEP, V is locally reflexive in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)) if and only if it is locally reflexive in the system (Ⅰ(⋅,⋅), t(⋅)). Furthermore we prove that an operator space V ⊆ B(H) is exact in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)) if and only if V is finitely representable in {Mn}n∈N in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)). At last, we show that an operator space V is finitely representable in {Mn}n∈N in the system (Ⅱ1(⋅,⋅), π1(⋅)) if and only if V = C.

关键词： Completely 1-Summing Mapping Space injectivity Nuclearity Local Reflexivity Exactness Finite-Representability and Operator Space

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SEEMINGLY INJECTIVE VON NEUMANN ALGEBRAS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2021年第6期41卷 2055-2085页

作者： Gilles PISIER Department of Mathematics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77843-3368USA

We show that a QWEP von Neumann algebra has the weak* positive approximation property if and only if it is seemingly injective in the following sense: there is a factorization of the identity of Id_(M)= vu : M→uB(H)→vM with u normal, unital, positive and v completely contractive. As a corollary, if M has a separable predual, M is isomorphic(as a Banach space) to B(l2). For instance this applies(rather surprisingly) to the von Neumann algebra of any free group. Nevertheless, since B(H) fails the approximation property(due to Szankowski) there are M ’s(namely B(H)^(**) and certain finite examples defined using ultraproducts) that are not seemingly injective.Moreover, for M to be seemingly injective it suffices to have the above factorization of I dM through B(H) with u, v positive(and u still normal).

关键词： von Neumann algebra injectivity positive approximation property

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