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Reliability-Based Optimal Design for Very Large Floating Structure

海洋工程：英文版 2003年第1期17卷 11-20页

作者：张淑华 FUJIKUBO Masahiko Div.of Structural System Engineering Dept.of Social and Environmental EngineeringGraduate School of Engineering

costs and losses induced by possible future extreme environmental conditions and difficulties in repairing post yielding damage strongly suggest the need for proper consideration in design rather than just life loss prevention. This can be addressed through the development of design methodology that balances the initial cost of the very large floating structure (VLFS) against the expected potential losses resulting from future extreme wave induced structural damage. Here, the development of a methodology for determining optimal, cost effective design will be presented and applied to a VLFS located in the Tokyo bay. Optimal design criteria are determined based on the total expected life cycle cost and acceptable damage probability and curvature of the structure, and a set of sizes of the structure are obtained. The methodology and applications require expressions of the initial cost and the expected life cycle damage cost as functions of the optimal design variables. This study includes the methodology, total life cycle cost function, structural damage modeling, and reliability analysis.

关键词： very large floating structure reliability optimal design initial cost expected life cycle damage cost

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Sustainable design of sanitation system based on material and value flow analysis for urban slum in Indonesia

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 120-126页

作者： Ken USHIJIMA Mitsuteru IRIE Neni SINTAWARDANI Jovita TRIASTUTI Umi HAMIDAH Tadaharu ISHIKAWA Naoyuki FUNAMIZU Environmental Engineering and Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan Alliance for Research on North Africa University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8572 Japan Research Centre for Physics Indonesian Institute of Sciences Bandung 40135 Indonesia Department of Environment and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226-8502 Japan

Material flow analysis (MFA) and value flow analysis (VFA) were applied to the sanitation system in an urban slum in Indonesia. Based on the results of the MFA and VFA, garbage and excreta disposal costs were evaluated to be 0.7% and 1.1%, respectively, of per capita income. Such value flows seem reasonable in light of the recognized affordability to pay (ATP) standard. However, current excreta disposal methods create negative impacts on downstream populations. Because such disadvantages do not go back to disposers, but passed to downstream, the current value flow structure does not motivate individual toilet users to install treatment facility. Based on current material and value flow structures, a resource recycling sanitation system scenario was examined. Based on VFA, an affordable initial cost for such a system was calculated; this was found to be comparable in price to a cheaper composting toilet that is currently available in the market.

关键词： material flow value flow resource recycling system sustainable design initial cost urban slum

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